一种面向视觉注意区域检测的运动分割方法*

结合视觉显著区检测的特点,本文提出一种面向视觉注意区域检测的运动分割方法。该方法用一种层次聚类方法将特征点的运动轨迹进行聚类。首先用中值偏移算法扩大了不同类型运动之间特征向量的差距,同时缩小了相同运动类型的差别。继而,用一种无监督聚类算法,将不同类型的运动进行分割,同时自动获得运动分类数。最后利用运动分割结果,提出一种结合空间和颜色采样的运动显著区域生成方法。与以往方法相比,该方法能够将不同类型的运动自动进行分割,生成的视觉注意区域更为准确,而且稳定性大幅提高。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性和稳定性。     

基于Mean-shift的粘连人体目标分割算法

人体目标分割是人体目标视觉分析的关键问题之一。提出了一种基于Mean-shift的粘连人体目标分割算法。首先对视频图像进行预处理,从中分离出运动区域,根据人体外形的统计特征建立人体目标模板。在运动区域中均匀取若干个数据点作为种子点。从种子点出发,基于人体目标模板,应用Mean-shift算法不断迭代逼近模态点。对取得的模态点集合进行聚类,从而自动确定分类数,即运动区域中的人体目标数,并进行合理分割。基于PETS 2006数据库的试验验证了该方法的可行性。     

结合模糊聚类与支持向量机的图像分割（英文）

提出一种新的混合的图像分割方法,利用模糊C均值聚类与支持向量机两种方法相结合。此方法首先将图像的空间分布信息作为支持向量机的特征分量,再用模糊C均值聚类获得的分类结果作为支持向量机所需的初始训练样本,并对图像的所有像素点进行分类,同一类中的像素点形成一个分割区域,以此获得图像分割。实验表明,此将模糊C均值与支持向量机结合的新方法获得的图像分割效果较好,在一定程度上解决了支持向量机特征维数过大所导致的维数灾难问题。     

基于谱聚类的运动捕获数据分割

为将长运动中所包含的不同运动自动分割出来,提出一种基于谱聚类的长运动数据分割算法.首先将运动捕获数据分解成长度相等的运动数据片段,并基于主成分分析来计算这些小片段之间的相似度,得到运动数据相似度矩阵;然后用谱聚类算法将相似度矩阵转换为相应的拉普拉斯矩阵,计算其前若干个特征向量,并采用K均值算法获得聚类结果;由于上述相似度矩阵直接实施谱聚类算法所得到的类别标签序列包含大量噪声,采用统计滤波算法对分类结果进行了处理,获得最终的分割点.在14个运动数据上进行自动分割测试,验证了文中算法的有效性.     

基于特征向量的遥感影像自动分类研究

为了实现高分辨率遥感影像自动分类及进一步提高非监督分类的精度和效率,提出了一种训练样本自动选取的面向对象自动分类方法。首先利用均值漂移算法对遥感影像进行分割,获取同质性分割单元;然后对分割对象进行多特征（光谱特征、纹理特征和形状特征）提取,基于特征向量的几何距离进行训练样本自动选择,进而利用支持向量机分类器得到分类结果。实验研究表明,提出的面向对象自动分类算法不但可以利用影像对象丰富的特征信息,而且较好地避免了“椒盐现象”,使自动分类的精度和效率得到较大提升。     

基于均值偏移和边缘置信度的焦炭显微图像分割

针对焦炭显微图像中光学组织的特点,提出了一种结合均值偏移和边缘置信度的焦炭显微图像分割。该方法首先计算图像像素的边缘置信度,利用边缘置信度设计均值偏移算法中的权值函数,对特征空间的采样点进行加权,以提高模式点检测的准确性;然后以扩展的均值偏移向量进行迭代,实现焦炭显微图像的初步分割;由于在初步分割中产生过多的聚类数,导致了相同组分区域的过分割。因此通过空域距离和区域边界像素的置信度平均值设置合并条件,合并相同光学组分的焦炭区域,实现图像的最终分割。实验表明,该方法能够有效地分割出焦炭显微图像中不同光学组织组分区域,为焦炭光学组织的自动识别提供可靠依据。     

基于密度导向的树型结构核的图像目标分类

针对学习算法不能很好地适用于由不等势(unequal cardinality)且无序的特征点集组成的实例,提出密度导向的树型结构核函数.将特征点集自适应分解成一个树型结构,把两个特征点集嵌入该树型结构,形成两个多分辨率直方图.然后计算由这两个多分辨率直方图公共节点所含特征点的密度加权的交叉函数值.该核函数可以自适应确定特征点集之间的局部对应(partial corresponding)关系,具有与特征点数成线性关系的计算复杂度,且是正定的.将该核函数嵌入基于核的判别分类器进行图像目标分类.并与词汇导向的金宁塔匹配核进行比较,实验结果表明,密度导向的树型结构核甬数能获得较好的分类性能.     

基于K均值聚类和粒子群优化的多核SVM图像分割

图像分割是图像理解和计算机视觉的重要内容.针对单核SVM在进行图像分割过程中不能兼顾分割精度高和泛化性能好的问题,提出一种基于K均值聚类和优化多核SVM的图像分割算法.该算法首先运用K均值聚类算法自动选取训练样本,然后提取其颜色特征和纹理特征作为训练样本的特征属性,并使用其对构造的多核SVM分割模型进行训练,最后用粒子群优化算法对多核核参数、惩罚因子以及核权重系数联合寻优,使生成的多核SVM具有更好的分割性能.实验结果表明,本文方法在有效提取图像目标细节的同时,获得了更高的分割精度,与基于单核的SVM分割模型相比,具有更强的泛化能力.     

基于SSCL的模糊C均值图像分类方法

针对传统模糊C均值聚类方法对噪声敏感和过分依赖于初始聚类中心的缺点,提出基于SSCL的模糊C均值图像分类的自适应算法。该算法首先通过SSCL获得初始类别数和类别中心,然后作为模糊C均值聚类的输入,自动对图像进行分割,并对图像分割结果利用空间信息进行后处理。实验结果表明该方法较好地解决了FCM算法中的初始化和噪声敏感问题,具有较好的分类结果。     

基于均值偏移的彩色图像分割算法

提出了一种基于均值偏移的彩色图像分割算法。首先阐述了在CIE LUV均匀彩色模型下均值偏移算法的基本原理,然后给出了在图像分割中的具体实现方法：选定一个像素,在适当的空间窗和色彩窗限定的特征空间中寻找模式点,实现窗口中心从选定点到模式点的偏移,重复此过程,直到找到稳定的模式点并用模式点的色彩值代替该像素,遍历所有像素,最终达到对所有像素进行聚类。通过两幅图像对算法进行检验,实验结果证明该算法对彩色图像具有良好的分割效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.