基于磁性纳米颗粒和金纳米粒子构建DNA电化学生物传感技术

本文构建了一种基于纳米粒子、茎环DNA和丝网印刷电极(SPCE)的电化学生物传感技术用于乳腺癌基因的快速、灵敏检测。该传感技术中,探针DNA的两端分别标记了巯基和生物素,巯基用于与金纳米粒子(AuNPs)作用,生物素用于与磁性纳米颗粒(MNPs)表面修饰的链酶亲和素作用以达到富集的目的,之后利用SPCE进行电化学检测。无目标DNA存在时,双标记DNA保持茎环结构,使得生物素分子很难和MNPs上的亲和素接触。一旦加入目标DNA,茎环结构打开,生物素得以与MNPs上的链霉亲和素发生特异性结合,形成的复合物(MNPs-DNA-AuNPs)通过磁性富集到SPCE表面,从而获得AuNPs的电化学信号。该DNA电化学生物传感对单碱基错配有良好的分辨能力,完全互补DNA的检出限为8.0×10-13 mol/L。     

水溶性碳纳米粒子的制备及其在DNA和单核苷酸多态性分析中的应用

利用电化学氧化的方法制备了水溶性好、粒径为7～12nm的碳纳米粒子,该碳纳米粒子通过π-π相互作用吸附荧光标记的单链DNA探针,并能有效地猝灭其荧光．当单链DNA探针与匹配的DNA目标分子杂交形成双链DNA时,猝灭的荧光被恢复,由此可以检测1-200nmol／L的DNA目标分子。此外,在碳纳米粒子存在时,由荧光标记的DNA探针和DNA目标分子形成的双链DNA的熔解温度可以简便地被测定,当双链DNA有错配碱基时,其熔解温度降低,由此可方便、快速地分析单核苷酸多态性．     

新型磁性纳米电化学DNA生物传感器的研究

利用高分子磁性纳米粒子有效地将磁性分离、富集和化学修饰电极的电化学检测相结合,构建以亚甲基蓝为嵌入式杂交指示剂的电化学DNA生物传感器.此传感器对碱基错配的序列有较好的选择性.传感器对目标序列的响应在1×10-13～1×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系;检出限为4.3×10-14 mol/L.这种新型的高分子磁性纳米粒子电化学DNA生物传感器具有高的灵敏度,其线性范围宽,成本低,为DNA的痕量分析提供了一种新的思路.     

程序自组装DNA纳米花封装酶分子用于光热法检测循环肿瘤细胞

DNA纳米技术在生物传感领域引起人们广泛的研究兴趣,现已构建多种二维和三维DNA功能纳米结构.滚环扩增(RCA)作为一种等温扩增技术,为DNA纳米材料的设计和自组装提供了新途径.该文通过RCA一锅法合成封装有辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的DNA纳米花(HRP@DNFs),进一步基于双核酸适体识别构建光热生物传感器,用于肝细...     

基于末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶的纳米界面上DNA的生长策略及用于恩诺沙星的适配体传感器构建研究

在纳米金(Au nanoparticles,AuNPs)表面通过组装巯基DNA制得AuNPs-DNA生物探针后,末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase,TdTase)催化探针DNA的3′-OH端,实现DNA的生长,并得到生长产物长单链DNA(Single-stranded DNA,ssDNA)。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和原子力显微镜成像(Atomic force microscope,AFM)对探针及ssDNA进行表征,结果表明TdTase能够实现纳米界面上DNA的高效生长,卷曲状态下链长可达850 nm。进一步将这种DNA的生长策略与适配体(Aptamer)技术相结合。首先在纳米金表面组装适配体片段1,在醛基化的磁珠颗粒表面组装适配体片段2,以此构建针对恩诺沙星的适配体生物传感器(Aptasensor)。该传感器对ENR在10～1.0×10~5 ng/mL具备良好的响应性能,检出限为1.0 ng/mL,能明显区分环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星等对照组信号。研究表明,基于TdTase的适配体传感器操作便捷,具备良好的靶分子响应性能和特异性,可为食品安全检测等领域提供新的研究思路。     

基于纳米金膜和稳定Y型结构的DNA电化学传感器

利用纳米金膜(GNF)和稳定的Y 型DNA 成功构建了一种具有良好选择性和较低检测限的DNA 传感器. 首先将金电极快速氧化后还原制成GNF, 利用Au-S 键将捕获探针DNA (c-DNA)有效地固定到GNF 电极表面, 在目标物存在的情况下, 将其与标记有亚甲蓝(MB)的指示探针(r-DNA)杂交形成Y 型结构. 利用GNF 独特的纳米性质和形成的Y型DNA 结构特点, 使MB 接近GNF, 从而提高了电子传递速率, 以差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)实现DNA 特定序列的检测,检测线性范围为1.0×10^-12～1.0×10^-9 mol/L, 检测下限为2.4×10^-13 mol/L. 与传统的传感器相比, 本方法提高了选择性, 减小了背景电流. 此外, 该传感器表现出良好的重现性和稳定性.     

基于DNA四面体纳米结构探针的电化学生物传感器检测DNA甲基化

该文以DNA四面体纳米结构探针(TSP)为捕获探针,将辣根过氧化物酶标记的IgG抗体结合在纳米金颗粒表面(AuNPs-IgG-HRP)作为信号分子,构建了一种新型DNA甲基化电化学传感器。利用一步热变性法组装成TSP后,通过Au—S键固定在修饰纳米金颗粒的金电极表面,经过靶标DNA杂交、5-甲基胞嘧啶(5-mc)抗体及AuNPs-IgG-HRP结合后,用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)进行检测。采用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对修饰电极的构建过程进行电化学表征。探究了杂交时间、5-mc抗体浓度、IgG-HRP加入体积、氢醌(HQ)和过氧化氢(H2O2)浓度对传感器的影响。在最佳条件下,该传感器对甲基化DNA的线性响应范围为1.0×10-15~1.0×10-10 mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为4.4×10-16 mol/L。该传感器具有良好的选择性和稳定性,为DNA甲基化检测提供了新方法。     

基于生物功能化纳米DNA探针及其传感策略

随着人类基因组计划的完成和功能基因研究的深入,基因诊断已成为分子生物学和生物医学的重要研究领域。DNA生物传感器作为一种利用核酸碱基配对原则进行识别,能对基因片段实现持续、快速、灵敏和选择性检测的新方法,近年来发展非常迅速。纳米材料由于具有独特物理化学性质、良好的生物相容性、优越的机械性能及表面易于生物功能化等特点,被广泛应用到生物分析之中。各种各样组成、尺寸、维度及形状的纳米材料如量子点、贵金属纳米材料、碳纳米材料等被可控地修饰上不同的生物分子,用于发展特殊性质的纳米探针,构建DNA生物传感器,实现对DNA片段高灵敏及高特异性的检测。     

基于新型纳米传感材料的DNA生物传感器的应用

DNA是构建纳米技术和生物传感技术新设备的良好构建体。DNA生物传感器由于具有灵敏度高、选择性好等特点,近年来获得了飞速发展。研究发现,金属纳米粒子(MNPs)、碳基纳米材料等一系列纳米材料在传感器设计中提高了电化学DNA传感器的传感性能。本文侧重介绍了场效应晶体管、石墨烯、碳纳米管等新型纳米传感材料,以及基于这些材料的DNA生物传感器的最新进展,最后展望了DNA生物传感器的应用前景。     

基于DNA纳米结构的分子间相互作用研究

研究生物分子间的相互作用是研究生命本质过程中必不可少的环节.近年来,DNA纳米技术在分子间相互作用的研究中发挥了重要作用,取得了一系列进展. DNA纳米结构具有高度的可编程性和可寻址性,可以利用这些性质采取不同的方式将待测体系修饰在DNA纳米结构上,而且可以精确控制分子的排布、种类、数目等,因此可以作为研究分子间相互作用的模板.在此基础上结合单分子技术,如单分子荧光成像(SMF)、原子力显微术等(AFM),可以实现对单个分子的行为观测.本文首先简述了DNA纳米结构作为研究平台的构建,然后对DNA纳米结构在研究分子间相互作用中的应用进行了阐述,包括用作锚定平台、提供具有一定机械性能的支架以及提供纳米级的微环境,最后对DNA纳米技术的发展进行了总结与展望.     

Dual fluorescent N-aryl-2,3- naphthalimides: applications in ratiometric DNA detection and white organic light-emitting devices

A ten element matrix of 5- and 6-substituted-(2,3)-naphthalimides was prepared for the appropriate placement of substituents necessary to promote dual fluorescence (DF). As prescribed by our balanced seesaw photophysical model this matrix yielded nine new DF dyes out of a possible ten compounds. From this set of nine DF dyes, 4-fluoronaphthalic amide (37) was selected as a probe for ratiometric detection of DNA and demonstration of panchromatic emission.     

Aptamers-based sandwich assay for silver-enhanced fluorescence multiplex detection

In this work, aptamers-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared as capture substrate, and fluorescent dyes-modified aptamers were synthesized as detection probes. The sandwich assay was based on dual aptamers, which was aimed to accomplish the highly sensitive detection of single protein and multiplex detection of proteins on one-spot. We found that aptamers-modified AgNPs based microarray was much superior to the aptamer based microarray in fluorescence detection of proteins. The result shows that the detection limit of the sandwich assay using AgNPs probes for thrombin or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is 80 or 8 times lower than that of aptamers used directly. For multiplex detection of proteins, the detection limit was 625 pM for PDGF-BB and 21 pM for thrombin respectively. The sandwich assay based on dual aptamers and AgNPs was sensitive and specific.     

A transmission imaging spectrograph and microfabricated channel system for DNA analysis

In this paper we present the development of a DNA analysis system using a microfabricated channel device and a novel transmission imaging spectrograph which can be efficiently incorporated into a high throughput genomics facility for both sizing and sequencing of DNA fragments. The device contains 48 channels etched on a glass substrate. The channels are sealed with a flat glass plate which also provides a series of apertures for sample loading and contact with buffer reservoirs. Samples can be easily loaded in volumes up to 640 nL without band broadening because of an efficient electrokinetic stacking at the electrophoresis channel entrance. The system uses a dual laser excitation source and a highly sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) detector allowing for simultaneous detection of many fluorescent dyes. The sieving matrices for the separation of single-stranded DNA fragments are polymerized in situ in denaturing buffer systems. Examples of separation of single-stranded DNA fragments up to 500 bases in length are shown, including accurate sizing of GeneCalling fragments, and sequencing samples prepared with a reduced amount of dye terminators. An increase in sample throughput has been achieved by color multiplexing.     

Dual fluorophore PNA FIT-probes - extremely responsive and bright hybridization probes for the sensitive detection of DNA and RNA

Fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides are commonly employed as probes to detect specific DNA or RNA sequences in homogeneous solution. Useful probes should experience strong increases in fluorescent emission upon hybridization with the target. We developed dual labeled peptide nucleic acid probes, which signal the presence of complementary DNA or RNA by up to 450-fold enhancements of fluorescence intensity. This enabled the very sensitive detection of a DNA target (40 pM LOD), which was detectable at less than 0.1% of the beacon concentration. In contrast to existing DNA-based molecular beacons, this PNA-based method does not require a stem sequence to enforce dye-dye communication. Rather, the method relies on the energy transfer between a "smart" thiazole orange (TO) nucleotide, which requires formation of the probe-target complex in order to become fluorescent, and terminally appended acceptor dyes. To improve upon fluorescence responsiveness the energy pathways were dissected. Hydrophobic, spectrally mismatched dye combinations allowed significant (99.97%) decreases of background emission in the absence of a target. By contrast, spectral overlap between TO donor emission and acceptor excitation enabled extremely bright FRET signals. This and the large apparent Stokes shift (82 nm) suggests potential applications in the detection of specific RNA targets in biogenic matrices without the need of sample pre-processing prior to detection.     

基于双纳米金探针杂交法检测HBV DNA

利用双纳米金探针结合基因芯片平台建立了一种检测乙肝病毒基因(HBV DNA)的新方法. 根据HBV DNA的保守序列设计捕获探针和信号报告探针, 通过一对互补的纳米金检测探针的双杂交法对HBV DNA进行信号放大, 最后进行银染, 达到对HBV DNA的可视化检测. 该方法的灵敏度高, 可检测10 fmol/L的HBV DNA, 且能在1.5 h内完成检测. 其具有的快速、 高灵敏度及低成本等优势使其有望发展成为一种检测HBV DNA的新方法.     

A Subtractively Optimized DNA Microarray Using Non-sequenced Genomic Probes for the Detection of Food-Borne Pathogens

In this study, we present the successful detection of food-borne pathogens using randomly selected non-sequenced genomic DNA probes-based DNA microarray chips. Three food-borne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), and Bacillus cereus, were subjected for the preparation of the DNA microarray probes. Initially, about 50 DNA probes selected randomly from non-sequenced genomic DNA of each pathogen were prepared by using a set of restriction enzyme pairs. The proto-type of DNA microarray chip for detecting three different pathogens simultaneously was fabricated by using those DNA probes prepared for each pathogen. This proto-type DNA microarray has been tested with three target pathogens and additional seven bacteria, and successfully verified with a few cross-hybridized probes. After this primary verification of the DNA microarray hybridization, this proto-type DNA microarray chip was redesigned and successfully optimized by eliminating a few cross-hybridized probes. The specificity of this redesigned DNA microarray chip to each pathogen was confirmed without any serious cross-hybridizations, and its multiplexing capability in its pathogen detection was found to be possible. This randomly selected non-sequenced genomic DNA probes-based DNA microarray was successfully proved to be the high-throughput simultaneous detection chip for the detection of food-borne pathogens, without knowing the exact sequence information of the target bacteria. This could be the first fabrication of DNA microarray chip for the simultaneous detection of different kinds of food-borne pathogens.     

新型“内标”式双重荧光自组装膜的制备和DNA的界面传感

为了有效降低依据单一荧光强度定量分析的误差, 充分发挥自组装膜设计灵活、制备简单且分析灵敏度高的优点, 提高荧光定量分析的准确度和灵敏度, 本文提出构建“内标”式自组装膜, 即于硅烷化石英表面分别组装吖啶橙(AO)和量子点CdTe. 以AO为内标, CdTe为荧光探针, 通过静电吸引作用于AO和CdTe之间, 依次组装聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)和壳聚糖(CS). PSS和CS的组装有效地“屏蔽”了AO, 使其荧光强度I1不随分析物种浓度的引入而变化, 这样既可发挥荧光内标作用, 又使膜外层量子点CdTe的荧光强度I2随分析物种浓度的改变而改变. 所构建的自组装膜双重荧光强度比I2/I1不随激发光强度的波动和传感器位置的移动等微环境变化而变化, 但与被分析物种的浓度呈良好的线性关系, 从而实现了直接利用I2/I1准确定量的“内标”式荧光分析, 显著提高了荧光分析的准确度.     

Dual amplification strategy of highly sensitive thrombin amperometric aptasensor based on chitosan-Au nanocomposites

A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin was developed. By introducing chitosan-gold nanoparticles and horseradish peroxidase (CS-AuNPs-HRP) conjugates to the sensitive union, the thrombin detection signal was dual amplified. The capture probe was prepared by immobilizing an anti-thrombin aptamer on core-shell Fe(3)O(4)-Au magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs) and which was served as magnetic separation material as well. The detection probe was prepared from another anti-thrombin aptamer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), thiolated CS nanoparticle and gold nanoparticle (CS-AuNPs-HRP-Apt2). In the presence of thrombin, the sandwich structure of AuMNPs-Apt1/thrombin/Apt2-CS-AuNPs-HRP was formed and abundant HRP was captured in it. The resultant conjugates are of magnetic characters and were captured onto the surface of a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to prepare the modified electrode by a magnet located on the outer flank of the SPCE. It was demonstrated that the oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) with H(2)O(2) was dramatically accelerated by the captured HRP. The electrochemical signal, which correlated to the reduction of BQ (the oxidation product of HQ), was amplified by the catalysis of HRP toward the reaction and the enrichment of HRP on the electrode surface. Under optimized conditions, ultrasensitive and high specific detection for thrombin was realized with the proposed assay strategy. The signal current was linearly correlated to the thrombin concentration in the range of 0.01-10 pM with a detection limit of 5.5 fM (S/N = 3). These results promise extensive applications of this newly proposed signal amplification strategy in protein detection and disease diagnosis.