上海市12岁儿童家长对外伤全脱位牙应急处理认知的调查

目的：调查分析上海市12岁儿童家长对外伤全脱位牙应急处理的认知水平,为相关的健康教育项目的设计和实施提供依据。方法：采用分层等容随机抽样方法,抽取上海六个区,每个区随机抽取2所中学,每所学校随机抽取50名12岁儿童,共对548名儿童家长进行问卷调查。应用SPSS16.0软件包进行卡方检验。结果：3.28%家长的孩子发生过全脱位牙外伤,10.58%的家长采取即刻牙再植的全脱位牙应急措施,只有6.75%的家长选择牛奶作为全脱位牙的储存介质,38.87%的家长选择外伤全脱位牙最佳治疗时间是即刻,87.96%的家长从没有接触过牙外伤的急救知识。结论：上海市12岁儿童家长对外伤全脱位牙认知水平较低,应加强对家长的牙外伤健康教育,以促进提高家长对外伤全脱位牙的应急处理能力。     

上海市普陀区小学教师儿童牙外伤知识知晓度抽样调查

目的: 了解上海市普陀区小学教师对牙外伤相关知识的掌握情况。方法: 采用问卷答题方式,调查普陀区1 020名小学教师对儿童牙外伤处理相关知识的掌握程度,采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 共回收有效问卷973份。74.8%教师知道就近处理牙外伤医疗机构的信息,53.8%的教师在学生发生牙外伤时会首先告知家长,59.1%的教师选择将折裂牙断片交由家长处理。79.5%的教师知道四年级学生的“门牙”是恒牙;对于脱落门牙的保存介质,12.7%的参与调查者选择了错误答案;62.7%的教师对于污染脱落牙的清洁方式回答正确;关于牙再植最佳时机,19.6%的教师回答正确。教师性别、年龄及是否接受过培训影响场景模拟题的得分（P<0.05）,学历不是最主要的影响因素（P>0.05）。结论: 普陀区小学教师尚未全面掌握儿童牙外伤的应急处理知识,医疗机构和教育机构需加强相关知识培训。     

青岛市市南区小学教师对学龄儿童外伤全脱出牙应急处理的认知水平调查

目的了解青岛市市南区小学教师对学龄儿童外伤全脱出牙应急处理的认知水平现状。 方法2019年3—4月,利用青岛市第一次口腔流行病学调查的机会,采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取青岛市市南区12所小学597名小学教师,对其进行问卷调查,应用卡方检验对结果进行统计分析。 结果本调查共回收有效问卷540份,85.9%教师为女性,15.2%的教师接受过牙外伤相关教育,89.6%的教师没有见过外伤全脱出牙。15.2%的教师知道全脱出牙齿的正确紧急处理方式;对全脱出牙采用良好保存介质的教师,58.7%选择0.9%氯化钠溶液,8.3%选择牛奶,6.3%选择含在孩子口中;关于全脱出牙的就诊时间,认为应该即刻就诊的教师人数比例为56.5%。86.9%的教师问卷得分低于4。不同教龄教师间问卷得分差异有统计学意义（χ² = 9.445,P = 0.002）,是否接受过牙外伤教育的教师间问卷得分差异也有统计学意义（χ² = 13.148,P<0.001）。 结论青岛市市南区小学教师对学龄儿童外伤全脱出牙应急处理认知水平不高,应加强小学教师牙外伤知识的宣教。     

儿童外伤全脱位牙的应急处理与再植后的替代性吸收

目的:分析儿童外伤全脱位牙的应急处理与牙再植后替代性吸收间的关系,并比较校内、外儿童外伤全脱位牙应急处理的差异.方法:19例牙外伤全脱位病人,共计21个全脱位患牙纳入本实验.记录外伤发生地点,并记录患牙应急处理的情况,如保存状态(是否进行即刻再植)、保存的方法、外伤就诊时间等,通过2年的定期随访,观察再植牙发生替代性吸收的情况.用四格表的确切概率法进行检验,显著性水平设定为P<0.05.结果:失访全脱位牙3个,未进行统计.在统计的18个患牙中,校外发生11个,校内发生7个.校内发生者湿保存42.86%(3/7),高于校外发生的27.27%(3/11),二者有显著性差异(P<0.05);发生于校内者有42.86%(3/7)2 h内就诊,高于校外发生的18.18%(2/11),二者也有显著性差异(P<0.05).2 h内就诊的患牙产生替代性吸收的比例均显著低于2～24 h及24 h后就诊的患牙(P<0.05).湿保存的再植牙替代性吸收的比例比干燥保存的低,二者均有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:学校老师相对比家长对全脱位牙的相关处理信息了解得更多,但二者均处于较低的水平,而患牙的保存和是否及时就诊均会影响再植牙替代性吸收的发生.     

上海五个区小学卫生教师对儿童牙外伤了解程度的调查与分析

目的调查上海五个区小学卫生教师对儿童牙外伤的了解程度,并分析其影响因素。方法采用随机抽样的方法,从上海所有19个区县中随机抽取5个区,对这5个区所有小学共306名卫生教师进行关于儿童牙外伤的问卷调查,用构成比及卡方检验对结果进行统计分析。结果在调查的5个区中一共收到了301份有效的卫生教师问卷。61.8%的教师表示接触过牙外伤;接受过专门关于牙外伤教育的教师人数比例为34.3%。3.7%的教师选择对全脱位牙齿进行即刻再植;对全脱位牙齿采用湿性保存媒介的教师有9.0%(含在口中)、45.5%(放在盐水中)1、8.3%(放在牛奶中);关于全脱位牙齿的就诊时间,认为应该在30 min内治疗的教师人数比例为46.8%。结论上海五个区小学卫生教师对儿童牙外伤的了解仍十分有限,今后需要加大对这类人群关于儿童牙外伤的宣传力度。     

青岛市口腔医生对乳牙牙外伤处理的认知调查

目的研究青岛地区口腔医生对乳牙牙外伤处理的认知水平。 方法利用2018年8月青岛市儿童口腔疾病预防公益项目培训会议期间,向参会医生发放经过验证的调查问卷,进行乳牙牙外伤处理认知调查,使用χ²检验对结果进行统计分析。 结果调查相关口腔医生170名,共回收有效调查问卷168份（98.8%）。结果分析：青岛地区口腔医生对乳牙折断性损伤处理方案选择的正确率为53.57%,对乳牙牙脱位性损伤处理方案选择的正确率为72.62%,对乳牙全脱位处理方案选择正确率为58.33%。卡方检验显示,不同医疗机构和不同职称的口腔医生在大多数问题的选择正确率上没有明显差异（P>0.05）,第7、9、11、13题中,儿童口腔医生对乳牙外伤处理方案选择正确率分别为88.9%、55.6%、97.2%和91.7%,非儿童口腔医生选择正确率分别为67.2%、13.7%、76.2%和81.1%,差异均具有统计学意义（χ²⁷ = 6.844,P₇ = 0.009;χ²⁹ = 17.3,P₉<0.001;χ²¹¹ = 9.056,P₁₁ = 0.003;χ²₁₃ = 2.291,P₁₃ = 0.130）。 结论青岛市口腔医生对乳牙牙外伤处理方案的选择整体正确率较低,不同的医疗机构和不同职称的口腔医生在处理方案的选择上没有明显差异,儿童口腔医生对乳牙外伤处理方案选择的正确率更高。     

西安市学龄儿童年轻恒牙外伤的现况调查

目的 探讨西安市学龄儿童年轻恒牙外伤的患病情况、分布特征及外伤原因,为卫生行政部门的决策提供科学依据。方法 采用简单随机抽样及整群抽样的方法,抽取西安市九区四县在校小学生4 013人,对学生及其家长进行问卷调查,并对有年轻恒牙外伤史的学生做口腔检查,记录外伤牙的数目与牙位。结果 西安市学龄儿童年轻恒牙外伤患病率为10.5%,各区县患病率无统计学差异（P>0.05）;儿童年轻恒牙外伤发病高峰期是7~9岁,8岁最为多见（31.5%）;最常见的牙外伤原因是跌倒（50.9%）,其次是碰撞（36.0%）;最常见的外伤牙是上颌中切牙（75.4%）。结论 西安市儿童年轻恒牙的外伤患病率处于中位水平,对处于牙外伤年龄高发阶段的儿童应该做相应的牙外伤预防措施,以降低牙外伤的发生。     

错(牙合)畸形对儿童口腔健康相关生活质量影响的研究

目的:调查错(牙合)畸形对儿童生活质量的影响.方法:选择门诊就诊儿童118名,采用IOTN-DHC指数评价错(牙合)畸形严重程度,采用儿童和家长版Michigan-OHRQoL量表测定对生活质量的影响.结果:错(牙合)畸形在咀嚼等客观方面对家长和儿童影响较一致,家长对儿童牙齿的主观评价较儿童自身评价高;收入较高与教育程度高的家长评价错(牙合)畸形对患儿的生活质量影响较大.结论:错(牙合)畸形对儿童的口腔健康相关生活质量有影响,影响程度与家长收入及教育程度有关.     

佛山市禅城区一年级小学生乳牙龋病流行状况及影响因素分析

目的调查佛山市禅城区一年级小学生乳牙龋病状况及其相关影响因素,为龋病防治工作提供参考。方法采用随机整群抽样法,抽取291名一年级小学生进行乳牙龋病检查,同时向其家长派发口腔健康调查问卷。对数据进行统计分析。结果佛山市禅城区一年级小学生乳牙患龋率为33.7%,龋均为0.97±1.79,统计分析显示男女间差异无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）。进行影响龋病的单因素分析,发现是否独生子女、母亲的学历、日常的主要饮料、进食甜食的频率和进食后漱口的频率对小学生乳牙患龋率有影响。多因素Logistic回归分析表明是否独生子女、日常主要饮料和进食甜食的频率是儿童乳牙患龋的危险因素。结论加强口腔卫生知识宣教,改善小学生的饮食习惯,养成良好的口腔卫生习惯,是预防乳牙龋病发生的有效措施。     

延续性口腔健康教育对全脱位患牙固定治疗效果的影响

目的:探讨延续性口腔健康教育对牙外伤脱位固定治疗患者治疗效果的影响.方法:选择2019年1-5月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔急诊科就诊的60例牙外伤脱位固定治疗患者,随机分为对照组和实验组,各30例.对照组采用常规诊间口腔卫生宣教,实验组采用延续性家庭口腔健康教育,比较2组患牙术后的牙髓活力、菌斑指数和患者...     

Parental awareness of the emergency management of avulsed teeth in children

Although public awareness campaigns on avulsed teeth have been mounted in the past, no study has investigated the knowledge parents possess of the protocol for the management of this dental emergency. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate, by means of a questionnaire, the parental awareness of the emergency management of avulsed teeth in children. Over 2000 parents were surveyed during a four-week period at 20 suburban vacation swimming centres. The results indicated that almost two-thirds of respondents would attempt replantation of an avulsed tooth but further questioning showed they did not know the correct procedures. Thirty-three per cent of respondents were unaware of any after-hours emergency dental services. Ninety-two per cent felt they should seek professional help urgently following an avulsion injury, but their knowledge of transport media for the tooth was poor. Only 5 per cent knew that milk was the medium of choice for both washing and transporting an avulsed tooth. Ninety per cent of parents surveyed had never received advice on what to do in the event of an accident where a permanent tooth was avulsed. This study revealed the need for educational campaigns aimed at parents to increase their knowledge of the emergency procedures required when the tooth is avulsed.     

Knowledge of oral health professionals of treatment of avulsed teeth

Abstract –  The management and immediate treatment of an avulsed permanent tooth will determine the long-term survival of the tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of oral health professionals on the new guidelines for emergency treatment of avulsed teeth. A 12-item questionnaire was distributed among general dentists, specialists, dental hygienists and dental assistants attending Continuing Education courses at the School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, between 2003 and 2004. This study reports only on the general practitioners who comprised 83% of the participants. The results revealed an uneven pattern of knowledge among them regarding the emergency management of an avulsed tooth. Statistically significant associations were related to the participants' previous dental trauma education and their age. In conclusion, there is a need to improve the knowledge of general dentists in the current guidelines for emergency treatment of avulsed teeth.     

Evaluating the knowledge of sports participants regarding dental emergency procedures

Abstract –  Dental trauma is a common consequence of sports practice to which emergency treatment is critical. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of sports participants about dental trauma procedures, particularly tooth avulsion. A specific questionnaire concerning concepts, experiences and behaviors after dental trauma and the use of mouthguard was standardized and validated with 80 people. The validated questionnaire was then distributed to 310 sports participants. The results showed that 28.4% had experienced a kind of dental trauma; 42.6% would look for a dentist for treatment; 51.7% reimplanted or would reimplant the avulsed tooth; 6.5% would maintain the avulsed tooth in milk. Although 47.4% of the participants were aware of the possibility of accidents during sports practice, only 13.9% reported to use a mouthguard. This study showed an overall lack of knowledge of sportsmen and sportswomen with regards to tooth avulsion, thus reinforcing the need for educational campaigns to improve the immediate emergency treatment of tooth avulsion.     

学龄儿童1 54颗恒前牙外伤诊治分析

目的：调查学龄儿童恒前牙外伤的相关因素,评价对脱位牙进行即刻再植治疗的效果。方法：对122例7～12岁学龄儿童恒前牙外伤病例进行调查,了解前牙外伤的相关因素,并对外伤导致的56颗脱落牙进行即刻再植治疗,随访观察1a,评价疗效。结果：跌伤为主要外伤原因,上中切牙受伤最多,左右侧无差异。单个牙外伤在所有年龄组占多数,深覆盖的儿童遭受外伤的几率较大。154颗外伤牙中,冠折89颗,占57．79％：根折9颗,占5．84％：脱位56颗,占36．36％。大多数老师及家长不了解脱位牙保存介质问题。56颗行脱位再植牙,53颗成功,成功率为94．64％。结论：学龄儿童在学校受伤较多,在日常教育中应强调儿童的自我保护意识。外伤导致脱落的年轻恒牙再植成功率高．临床效果良好。     

Lay knowledge of physical education teachers about the emergency management of dental trauma in Hong Kong

Abstract – The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of a group of physical education (PE) teachers about the emergency management of dental trauma in Hong Kong. A postal questionnaire was sent to PE teachers in 100 randomly selected secondary schools in Hong Kong. A total of 166 teachers from 65 schools responded. Results show that a majority of the respondents have received formal teaching training (98.8%). While all but one teacher had received formal first aid training, only eight of them recalled that they had received advice on the management of dental trauma. Concerning the management of tooth fracture, 118 respondents (71.1%) gave an appropriate answer. In contrast, only 29 teachers (17.5%) were able to indicate the appropriate management for an avulsed tooth. Over 60% (102) of the respondents indicated it was "very urgent" to seek professional assistance if a permanent tooth has been avulsed, but they had little knowledge of the correct procedures for replanting or transporting avulsed teeth. Only 15 respondents (9%) pointed out that milk was the medium of choice for transporting avulsed teeth. Finally, over 90% (157) of respondents indicated that they had never received advice on the emergency procedures for the management of dental avulsion. The present study showed that the level of lay knowledge of management of dental injuries in a selection of PE teachers in Hong Kong is inadequate and educational campaigns are necessary to improve their emergency management of dental injuries.     

Parent and caretaker knowledge about avulsion of permanent teeth

Abstract –  Traumatic dentoalveolar injuries are frequent in children and adolescents, affecting teeth, their supporting structures and adjacent soft tissues and contributing to the appearance of major psychosocial and economic problems. Tooth avulsion, the most severe dentoalveolar lesion, is a dental emergency. The prognosis of avulsed teeth significantly depends on prompt and efficient action at the site of the accident, thus requiring that parents or caretakers be knowledgeable about the correct management of this situation. The objective of the present study was to assess the level of knowledge of parents or caretakers concerning the management of tooth avulsion and to investigate the association between level of knowledge and schooling, monthly family income and age. We interviewed 107 parents or caretakers using a 12-item questionnaire comprising objective questions whose answers received a score from 0 to 3. The results show that 99% of those interviewed would immediately seek professional help; however, 71% did not know what avulsion was. Only 3% would use milk as storage medium and 16% would attempt replantation of the avulsed tooth. The distribution of final means for the overall level of parent or caretaker knowledge was 44.63% for score 3, 15.88% for score 2, 17.99% for score 1 and 21.47% for score 0, showing a low level of knowledge concerning tooth avulsion. Schooling, monthly family income and age were not associated with the knowledge scores for any of the 12 questions. The level of parent and caretaker knowledge concerning the management of tooth avulsion is low, without association with age, schooling and monthly family income.     

Lay and professional knowledge of methods for emergency management of avulsed teeth

Abstract Proper treatment during the first 30 minutes offers the best prognosis for traumatically avulsed teeth. This study sought to determine both lay people's and dental professionals’ knowledge of and attitude to emergency procedures. A 12-question survey was administered to 5 groups: (a) parents of learner swimmers and (b) coaches of college sports teams (lay); (c) State Dental Nurses, (d) dentists and (e) dental nurse/receptionists (professional). Respondents totalled 184 (a 32, b 86, c 24, d 18, e 24) i.e. 118 lay and 66 professional. Data revealed that group b had the greatest personal experience of avulsed teeth and groups c and e the least. Public hospital accident and emergency services (A & E) were perceived by all groups as most available. 18% of lay groups could not cite an emergency service. Lay people thought first of A & E for management whereas professional groups preferred the victim's own dentist. Most professional people would replant avulsed permanent teeth and about 1/3 would replant deciduous teeth: 1/2 lay people would replant permanent teeth and 1/8 deciduous teeth. Where treatment was not straightforward lay people would seek advice before acting. Half of the lay groups would transport an avulsed tooth dry. All the professionals had had advice on management of avulsed teeth but only 1/4 of the lay groups. This study highlighted the need for educational campaigns aimed at members of the lay public likely to be involved in the emergency management of traumatically avulsed teeth.