Study of Surface Loss Process on a Simulated Stainless Steel Material by Thin Layer Activation

Taking the advantages of high sensitivity, non-destruction, and the capability of on-line measurement at favorable conditions, thin layer activation （TLA） is recognized as a method of choice in the study on surface loss processes of various materials. In this work, a stainless steel material was studied by TLA with two tracers produced via reactions on Fe and Cr using 9 MeV protons. The advantages of TLA for materials consisting of multiple elements are discussed.     

Study on Glow Discharge Plasma Used in Polyester Surface Modification

To achieve an atmospheric pressure glow discharge(APGD)in air and modify the surface of polyester thread using plasma,the electric field distribution and discharge characteristics under different conditions were studied.We found that the region with a strong electric field,which was formed in a tiny gap between two electrodes constituting a line-line contact electrode structure,provided the initial electron for the entire discharge process.Thus,the discharge voltage was reduced.The dielectric barrier of the line-line contact electrodes can inhibit the generation of secondary electrons.Thus,the transient current pulse discharge was reduced significantly,and an APGD in air was achieved.We designed double layer line-line contact electrodes,which can generate the APGD on the surface of a material under treatment directly.A noticeable change in the surface morphology of polyester fiber was visualized with the aid of a scanning electron microscope(SEM).Two electrode structures–the multi-row line-line and double-helix line-line contact electrodes–were designed.A large area of the APGD plasma with flat and curved surfaces can be formed in air using these contact electrodes.This can improve the efficiency of surface treatment and is significant for the application of the APGD plasma in industries.     

真实表面材料及其老化效应对反应堆压力容器ERVC-CHF影响的试验研究

通过反应堆压力容器外部冷却（ERVC）实现熔融物堆内滞留（IVR）技术是核电厂严重事故缓解的重要措施之一。在本文的研究中,建立了二维切片式、全尺寸的试验台架FIRM,开展严重事故条件下反应堆压力容器ERVC-临界热流密度（CHF）试验研究。试验采用去离子水作为试验工质,获得了反应堆压力容器下封头ERVC过程的CHF限值。研究了真实表面材料对CHF的影响及其影响机理,讨论了在去离子水下表面材料SA508 Gr3. Cl.1钢的老化效应。本试验研究对于认识反应堆压力容器IVR-ERVC条件下的CHF行为、提高反应堆压力容器安全性有重要意义。     

基于替代材料的燃料棒熔化实验研究

为获得核反应堆燃料元件熔化以及熔融物扩展和消熔过程中的关键实验数据,本研究将典型压水堆中的燃料棒元件作为研究对象,在堆芯材料严重事故现象可视化研究实验装置FROMA上开展了低温条件下的燃料棒熔化实验。实验采用锌-铝的替代材料燃料棒,开展了单棒的熔化凝固可视化研究,获得了严重事故过程中燃料棒包壳的瞬态轴向温度分布特性以及熔融物扩展、迁移和再定位的动态过程。本研究基于实验数据对熔融物的流动、扩展和凝固、迁移等相关的物理现象和过程进行深入分析,为反应堆严重事故现象分析模型的开发提供了数据支持。     

Study on Properties of Solid Material Surface Modified by Nuclear Tracks

对充气飞行时间探测系统在以下几个方面进行了改进：1）减少入射窗Mylar膜的厚度，从原来的0．9μm减少到0．5μm；2）增加停止时间探测器的灵敏面积，提高探测效率。原来采用的金硅面垒型探测器的直径为23mm，现在所用的探测器直径为40mm，探测效率可由原来的40％左右提高到70％以上。     

Investigation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Discharge and Its Application to Surface Modification of Blood-Filtering Material

Melt-blown polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) nonwoven materials treated by using plasma is regarded as one of the excellent materials to filter white blood cells (WBC) from blood.In this paper, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma source at an improved quasi-stable atmospheric pressure is achieved when discharge voltage, discharge current, and gap between the electrodes are carefully controlled. This plasma source has been used to modify the surface of PBT melt-blown nonwoven materials. Experimental results indicate that both the wettablity and permeation of treated PBT melt-blown nonwoven materials are greatly improved.     

PTFE表面辐照改性研究进展

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)是一种具有润滑、绝缘及化学惰性的工程塑料,被广泛地用于电子、化工、纺织、医疗、机械、环境等领域。由于C—F键能高以及氟原子规整地排列在C—C链骨架上,因此PTFE表面能极低且表面润湿性和粘结性差,需要进行表面改性以增强PTFE与其它材料的界面亲和性。通过伽马射线/电子束和低温等离子体对PTFE进行辐照接枝改性和功能化修饰,能够有效地改善和优化其表面性能,使PTFE材料得到更好的利用。低温等离子体技术尤其适合PTFE表面改性处理,因为它不会导致PTFE本体材料的降解。本文综述了国内外关于PTFE表面辐照改性及应用的研究进展。     

The Aging Study on Polyethylene Terephthalate with Surface Modification by Water Vapor Plasma

1. IntroductionRecently, the surface property requirement ofPolyethylene Terephthalate (PET) has becomehigher and higher with its ever-increasing applications. To improve its surface properties, variousmethods such as plasma treatment have been introduced. In the plasma, there are sufficient amountof energetic particles as well as the same amount ofnegative and positive charged particles. By bombingsuch as etching the surf are of solid-state material andtransferring energy, the physical and …     

ADS无窗靶件自由界面模拟实验和数值研究

冷却剂自由界面形态的形成和控制是加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)无窗靶件设计的关键技术之一。采用水介质对无窗靶件模型的自由界面特征进行了实验和数值研究。实验中采用激光诱导荧光的示踪方法实现了流场的可视化,得到Re=30000～50000范围内的自由界面和可视化流场。在高Re工况下,流场中出现大尺度的非稳定涡结构,随着Re的降低,流场中涡结构的紊乱程度增加。分别采用大涡模型（LES）和两方程动能-特征耗散率模型（kω-SST）对无窗靶件实验工况进行了数值分析,计算结果表明,LES能较好地模拟实验中所得的流场现象和界面特征。     

P92钢高温低周疲劳的实验研究

由于高的热效率和简单的系统组成,超临界水堆(SCWR)被认为是第四代核反应堆的一种选择。超临界水堆的关键问题之一是核心部件尤其是燃料组件包壳的材料。这些材料在高温下的力学性能、腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性以及抗辐射性能等对核电厂的安全运行至关重要。本文对SCWR包壳候选材料的F/M类材料P92钢进行了高温低周疲劳实验研究。实验温度为600和650℃,控制方式为总应变控制,应变范围均为±0.2%～±0.6%。实验结果表明,在两种温度下,P92钢均为循环软化材料,但未出现循环稳定现象。由于温度升高,塑性增强,P92钢在650℃下的宏观裂纹出现周次比率随应变范围的增加,下降比较平缓,且650℃下的失效寿命显著高于600℃下的失效寿命。并得到了两种温度下的稳定循环应力-塑性应变的关系以及循环失效寿命和应变的关系。     

活性炭担体表面改性实验研究

采用气化处理和浓HNO3表面氧化法进行活性炭担体(AC)表面改性的实验研究,并对改性前后的AC样品进行红外光谱分析、热解吸实验和BET比表面积测量.实验结果表明采用气化和浓HNO3表面氧化均可在AC表面引入氧原子,形成更多表面含氧基团;浓HNO3表面氧化使AC增重,气化使AC失重,气化还能引起AC的比表面积增大和表面微孔结构变化.     

饱和蒸汽在过冷液面凝结特性的实验研究

实验研究了堆芯补水箱上部加装遮流板时，饱和蒸汽在过冷液面上直接接触冷凝的瞬态特性。研究表明，遮流板改变了蒸汽射流的方向，减弱了近液面层的波动，降低了蒸汽的凝结速率，使堆芯补水箱中热水层的厚度减小，系统压力响应时间缩短：与无遮流板相比，实验初期水表面凝结换热系数降低76％～92％，总凝结量减少67％以上。     

加热面朝下的池式过渡沸腾实验研究

在常压下,对宽度为2.2、2.6、3.0、3.2、13.0 mm水平小间隙内加热面朝下池式沸腾进行了实验研究,得到了各间隙下加热面朝下池式沸腾的沸腾曲线.与常规池式沸腾曲线比较发现,小问隙内加热而朝下池式沸腾换热能力远低于加热面朝上池式沸腾换热.运用原始实验数据分析了壁面过热度△Tw和水平间隙δ对过渡沸腾换热性能的影响.结果表明:Nu数随△Tw的增大而减小;整体上Nu数随δ的增大而增大,但在非常小的间隙范围内,Nu数随δ的增大会有局部下降趋势.     

不锈钢过滤材料的过滤特性

利用混合标准粒子和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）多分散气溶胶,采用扫描迁移粒径仪分析气溶胶全粒径谱,作为测定各级粒径过滤效率的方法,对几种不锈钢过滤材料进行过滤特性研究。研究结果表明,对于多分散气溶胶,不同孔径和性质的金属滤材的最大透过粒径D_max是不同的,D_max随滤材过滤孔径的增大而变大;在1～3cm/s滤速区间内,滤材的效率随滤速的增加而降低,且滤材的D_max随滤速的增加向小粒径方向移动。不锈钢滤材串级过滤时表现出各级滤材的效率依次降低,但串级过滤的总过滤效率仍随级数的增加而增大;实验还证明,滤速一定时,相同滤材串级过滤并不会改变过滤器的D_max,但观察到串级过滤各级单级效率的D_max有随级数的增加向大粒径方向移动的现象。     

Experimental Study on Triggering Characteristics of a Surface Flashover Triggered Vacuum Switch

Triggering characteristics of triggered vacuum switch （TVS）, including the discharge delay time, delay jitter, range of operational voltage and peak of pulsed current, are investigated. Both structure and experimental circuit of TVS are presented. The results indicate that TVS, as a surface flashover triggering device with high dielectric permittivity material, is with excellent triggering characteristics. When the hold-off voltage reaches 120 kV, the minimum operational voltage is 1.3 kV, and the minimum discharge delay time and jitter are 100 ns and ?10 ns, respectively. The peak current is up to 240 kA when the operational voltage reaches 100 kV. TVS can well satisfy the main demands of high voltage and current applications, and can also be used under a multi-crowbar circuit.     

Experimental Study on Paschen Discharge in Helium for High Voltage Cryogenic Insulation Material

According to the requirements of large superconducting components, all the solid superconducting insulation of current leads, magnets, cooling and measurement pipeline at high potential should withstand 80–300 K thermal cycles. If helium leak or pipe leak taken place, and insulation has been formed some flaws, Paschen discharge would be occur. The experimental program aimed at analyzing the low-temperature electro-physical performance of solid superconducting insulation, which was designed with different configuration such as thickness, material structure and so on. The dielectric performance of both pre-preg cryogenic insulation and the wet wrap cryogenic insulation were studied. Both of the dielectric strength of the two type insulation is in the range from 11 to 23 kV/mm at 80 K helium condition. Besides, both of the two type insulation samples of 3 and 5 mm thickness can withstand 30 kV under various helium pressures at 80 K.     

氚在RAFM钢表面的吸附研究

采用气相吸附法研究了室温下RAFM钢表面对氚的吸附与释放行为,并使用316L钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti钢进行了对照实验。结果表明,RAFM钢表面的氚吸附与释放性质与316L钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti钢的非常相似,相同表面状态的样品,在相同实验条件下的吸附氚量相差不超过50%。可推测,未经深度除水处理的RAFM钢暴露于氚后,表面会形成富氚层,浓度远高于基体溶解氚,厚度不大于10 μm。表面氚的形态以化学吸附和物理吸附的氚化水为主,约占90%以上。室温下RAFM钢表面吸附的氚在干燥气氛中的释放非常缓慢,但遇水会因氚-水间的同位素交换而加速释放。     

304不锈钢的单轴棘轮变形与失效行为研究

对304不锈钢在室温下进行了单轴应变控制下的应变棘轮变形与失效以及低周疲劳试验研究,系统地揭示了材料在循环过程中的材料变形与失效行为。研究表明：材料的应变棘轮变形与失效既不同于单轴拉伸,也不同于相同应变幅值下的对称应变循环加载时的变形与失效,而是强烈地依赖于应变幅值与每一循环周次在最大拉应变处的应变增加量。观察到了一些有意义的结果,     

UO2-不锈钢燃料棒的光纤激光切割研究

为验证光纤激光用于燃料组件解体和燃料棒切割的可行性,研究光纤激光用于热物性差别很大的UO2芯块 不锈钢包壳管复合结构的切割和铀芯块的切割质量,本文采用光纤激光切割UO2芯块 316Ti包壳管元件棒,并通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱和X射线衍射对UO2芯块的切断面进行微观表征分析,研究激光切割过程对铀芯块切断的表面微观形貌、元素组成及物相的影响。研究结果表明,光纤激光可用于切割UO2芯块 316Ti包壳管元件棒,激光切割过程虽会造成铀芯块切断面出现大量微孔和碎渣,但不会造成UO2的相变。以上结果表明,光纤激光可用于UO2芯块 316Ti包壳管元件棒的切割,通过后续对激光切割系统的抗辐射屏蔽防护,可应用于乏燃料组件解体和乏燃料棒切割。     

十八胺在碳钢表面吸附和成膜的分子动力学研究

华龙一号机组主给水系统大量使用P280GH碳钢管道,并应用十八胺（ODA）在管道内壁吸附形成缓蚀膜,ODA可高效抑制腐蚀,避免管道失效和蒸汽发生器（SG）严重结垢。但ODA在碳钢表面的吸附和成膜机理目前仍不明确,严重制约了ODA的性能优化和推广应用,针对该问题,采用分子动力学（MD）模拟开展研究。结果表明,ODA分子头部的氮原子与碳钢表面铁原子形成配位键,促使ODA分子吸附“锚定”。所形成缓蚀膜的微观构型与ODA浓度相关。浓度较低时,缓蚀膜呈ODA分子尾链间交织较差的单层构型,随着浓度增加,缓蚀膜逐渐演变为ODA分子尾链间紧密交织的复杂双层构型。在ODA浓度超过一定阈值后,缓蚀膜的构型不再显著变化,未吸附成膜的ODA分子最终积聚形成胶体微团。