车轮钢冶炼过程氮含量的变化规律及工艺改进

实验研究了车轮钢生产过程氮含量的变化规律,找出生产低氮车轮钢的限制性环节,制定了相应的工艺改进措施.研究发现,出钢过程、LF精炼、钢包到中间包钢水增氮显著;VD真空脱氮率平均为37.5%.通过采取钢包长水口氩封保护浇注,可降低车轮钢在浇注过程的吸氮量达15×10-6.通过系统的工艺改进,可使车轮钢中的氮含量降到50×10-6以下.     

490CL车轮钢表面起皮缺陷分析

针对490CL车轮钢表面起皮缺陷问题,研究了其表面的宏观条痕缺陷和缺陷处微观的显微组织,并辅助以EDS检测。结果表明,490CL车轮钢起皮缺陷主要是由连铸坯原生的铸坯表面缺陷,以及吹氩过程中吹氩速度过高导致结晶器卷渣使保护渣料进入钢液中引起的。通过对炼钢工艺以及连铸速度的合理改善,使490CL车轮钢的加工合格率由原来的83%左右提高到99.6%,满足用户的生产要求。     

镀锡基板钢非稳态浇注铸坯洁净度分析

为研究非稳态浇注对镀锡基板铸坯洁净度的影响,对BOF-LF-CC工艺生产的头坯、混交坯、换水口铸坯、尾坯进行取样分析,对铸坯中T.O、[N]、显微夹杂物、大型夹杂物及钢液成分与正常浇注状态下铸坯进行了对比。结果表明:非稳态浇注条件下,T.O、[N]含量由高到低顺序依此为:尾坯头坯混交坯换水口,其中尾坯中T.O含量为44×10~(-6),较正常坯升高了92.5%,N含量为85×10~(-6),是正常坯的4.08倍;显微夹杂物平均含量由高到低的顺序依次为:混浇坯尾坯换水口头坯,混浇坯显微夹杂平均水平为18.44个/mm2,是正常坯的2倍;非稳态浇注铸坯中大型夹杂物含量由高至低分别为:混浇坯尾坯头坯换水口,混浇坯中的大型夹杂物总量达到1 496 mg/(10kg);非稳态浇注铸坯的C含量普遍高于正常坯水平,Als含量低于正常坯水平。     

45#钢连铸板坯的生产实践

采用转炉冶炼一钢包吹氩-连铸生产板坯45#钢.分析了生产中钢液成分不合格,不均匀,板坯铸机粘结性漏钢严重等问题,通过采用锰碳合金增碳技术,延长吹氩时间,开发小锥度结晶器及45#钢专用保护渣等措施,来保证45#钢产品质量的稳定.生产实践表明:铸坯和钢板成分及各项性能指标达到相应标准要求.拉漏率显著降低,确保了生产的正常进行。     

Q195连铸板坯生产过程中显微夹杂物行为

我国北方某厂,为降低生产成本,Q195钢种采用简易的生产工艺,生产流程:150 t转炉→吹氩→CC,其主要产品为带钢,用于制备冷、热轧薄板。系统分析了该厂连铸坯,平均T[O]为120×10~(-5),[N]为18×10~(-5),单位面积上夹杂物个数为13个/mm~2,混浇坯平均T[O]为180×10~(-5),[N]为21×10~(-5)。铸坯中主要有两类显微夹杂物,一类为SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MnO-CaO-TiO_2夹杂,粒度约为10μm,另一类为Al、C类夹杂,粒度约为25μm。为此,对脱氧、脱氧剂的选择、钢包顶渣、非稳态浇注进行了优化,稳态铸坯平均T[O]降为90×10~(-5),夹杂物粒度85%小于5μm,与原工艺转炉→吹氩→LF→CC产品质量相当。     

Q195铸坯大型夹杂物行为分析

通过示踪等实验对北方某钢厂Q195钢的大型夹杂物含量、种类、粒径、来源以及铸坯中的氧含量等进行了研究,结果表明:铸坯中T[O]平均含量为128×10~(-4)%,含量偏高,混浇坯T[O]为204×10~(-4)%,较正常坯增加了59.4%,混浇坯中[N]为60×10~(-4)%,较正常坯增加了57.9%,换包过程存在严重的二次氧化现象;铸坯中大型夹杂物含量为32.4 mg/10 kg,头坯、尾坯大型夹杂含量分别为42.7 mg/10 kg、43.6 mg/10 kg,混浇坯为62.5 mg/10 kg;铸坯中大型夹杂物粒度80~140μm约占48.0%,140~300μm约占43.3%,>300μm约占5.4%;铸坯中大型夹杂物主要为SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-MnO复合脱氧夹杂,约占大型夹杂物总量的90%,其中约55%沾附了钢包渣、中间包渣示踪剂;含C的SiO_2夹杂约占5%,分析为引流剂;钢包渣、中间包渣、结晶器保护渣及耐火材料的复合脱落物约占5%。     

BOF-RH-CC生产的IF钢不同浇铸阶段铸坯洁净度研究

对BOF-RH-CC冶炼IF钢不同浇铸阶段铸坯进行了研究,正常坯的[N]和[O]分别为17×10~(-6)和16.5×10~(-6),较头坯和尾坯有不同程度的下降,符合内控要求。不同浇铸阶段铸坯显微夹杂物均主要是TiN,Al_2O_3,以及Al_2O_(3-)TiN型复合夹杂,尺寸在5～15μm。正常坯的大型夹杂物含量最低,为4.29 mg/10kg;尾坯含量最高,为9.92 mg/10kg,大型夹杂物大都含有K或Na,推测其可能来自结晶器卷渣。     

IF钢非稳态连铸坯洁净度分析

为研究梅钢非稳态浇注对IF钢连铸坯洁净度的影响,采用氧氮分析、Aspex Explorer扫描电镜、大样电解等试验方法对BOF-RH-CC工艺生产的稳态及非稳态浇注的IF钢连铸坯进行了对比研究。结果表明,稳态浇注时铸坯具有较高的洁净度,正常坯w(T[O])和w(N)的平均质量分数分别为14.5×10^-6和9.5×10^-6,显微夹杂物数量密度平均为5.1个/mm²,大型夹杂物总质量为3.34 mg/10 kg。各非稳态过程,头坯洁净度最差,其次是尾坯和换水口坯。不同类型铸坯显微夹杂物种类基本相同,而非稳态铸坯因保护渣卷入形成的大颗粒夹杂物数量均多于正常坯。     

中间包改造对铸坯质量的影响

为了减少了钢液对中间包耐材的直接冲刷,增加中间包的使用寿命,对某厂转炉→连铸工艺中的中间包进行了改造,在其长水口的冲击位置加了一个稳流器控流装置;同时对中间包改造前后钢中的夹杂物进行了系统分析。结果显示:中间包改造后铸坯样中平均全氧含量为138×10-4%,比改造前减少了44.14×10-4%;改造后铸坯中大型夹杂物平均含量为28.77 mg/10 kg-1,比改造前降低了21.9%;改造后铸坯中显微夹杂物平均含量为27.10个/mm2,比改造前降低了52.66%;钢中夹杂物含量都有很大的降低,说明改造后的中间包的效果明显。     

中间包改造对铸坯质量的影响

为了减少了钢液对中间包耐材的直接冲刷,增加中间包的使用寿命,对某厂转炉→连铸工艺中的中间包进行了改造,在其长水口的冲击位置加了一个稳流器控流装置;同时对中间包改造前后钢中的夹杂物进行了系统分析。结果显示:中间包改造后铸坯样中平均全氧含量为138×10-4%,比改造前减少了44.14×10-4%;改造后铸坯中大型夹杂物平均含量为28.77 mg/10 kg-1,比改造前降低了21.9%;改造后铸坯中显微夹杂物平均含量为27.10个/mm2,比改造前降低了52.66%;钢中夹杂物含量都有很大的降低,说明改造后的中间包的效果明显。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.