甲硫醇在Cu(111)表面的解离吸附: 密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法和平板模型研究了CH₃SH分子在Cu(111)表面的吸附反应.系统地计算了S原子在不同位置以不同方式吸附的一系列构型, 第一次得到未解离的CH₃SH分子在Cu(111)表面顶位上的稳定吸附构型,该构型吸附属于弱的化学吸附, 吸附能为0.39 eV. 计算同时发现在热力学上解离结构比未解离结构更加稳定. 解离的CH₃S吸附在桥位和中空位之间, 吸附能为0.75-0.77 eV. 计算分析了未解离吸附到解离吸附的两条反应路径, 最小能量路径的能垒为0.57 eV. 计算结果还表明S―H键断裂后的H原子并不是以H₂分子的形式从表面解吸附而是以与表面成键的形式存在. 通过比较S原子在独立的CH₃SH分子和吸附状态下的局域态密度, 发现S―H键断裂后S原子和表面的键合强于未断裂时S原子和表面的键合.     

Cu(100)表面吸附CN的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函方法,以原子簇Cu14为模拟表面,对CN自由基分子在垂直和平行Cu(100)表面不同位置的吸附情况进行了研究,结果表明：通过原子C垂直吸附在表面的顶位是其最佳吸附方式,吸附后CN键振动频率发生蓝移;而其它吸附方式中CN键振动频率均发生红移．DOS和电荷转移分析指出CN通过C端吸附在表面顶位位置时,Cu与CN之间具有较强的σ成键和较弱的π反键特征．     

CO和CH3O在Cu2O(111)表面吸附特性及共吸附的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论, 采用广义梯度近似方法结合周期平板模型, 对Cu₂O(111)非极性表面上CO和CH₃O的吸附和共吸附进行了系统的研究. 计算了CO以4种吸附模式和CH₃O以O端在Cu₂O(111)表面上的吸附, 通过对不同吸附位置的吸附能、几何构型参数和Mulliken电荷的计算和比较发现, Cu₂O(111)表面上配位未饱和铜离子(Cu_CUS)为CO的活性吸附位; 配位饱和铜离子(Cu_CSA)为CH₃O的活性吸附位. CO和CH₃O吸附于Cu₂O(111)表面后, 表面弛豫现象明显改善. CO和CH₃O与Cu₂O(111)表面能够形成共吸附体系, CO和CH₃O之间的相互作用力达到75.89 kJ/mol, 为典型的化学作用, 有助于促进CO和CH₃O反应形成表面物种CH₃OCO, 计算结果与实验事实一致.     

O_2在α-U(001)面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论结合周期性平板模型,计算了O2在α-U(001)表面吸附的几何和电子结构,并对H2、O2的吸附特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:O2分子在α-U(001)面上呈强解离化学吸附,吸附能为9.54～10.22eV,O-O距离较大的D+D-II构型最为稳定;吸附后表层U原子向上迁移,同时伴随着褶皱的产生;解离O原子与表面U原子的相互作用主要是离子键合,伴随着较弱的源于U5f/6d-O2p轨道杂化的共价键合;O原子的扩散能垒小于0.3eV,易于在U表面扩散迁移;O2分子在U表面的吸附强度较H2分子要大得多,对U表面结构的影响也更加显著。     

O与O2在Au团簇上吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的Dmol³程序系统研究了O原子与O₂在 Au₁₉与Au₂₀团簇上的吸附反应行为. 结果表明: O在Au₁₉团簇顶端洞位上的吸附较Au₂₀强; 在侧桥位吸附强度相近. O与O₂在带负电Au团簇上吸附较强, 在正电团簇吸附较弱. 从O―O键长看, 当金团簇带负电时, O―O键长较长, 中性团簇次之, 正电团簇中O―O键长较短, 因而O₂活化程度依次减弱. 电荷布居分析表明, Au团簇带负电时, O与O₂得电子数较中性团簇多, 而团簇带正电时, 得电子数较少. 差分电荷密度(CDD)表明, O₂与Au团簇作用时, 金团簇失电子, O₂的π^*轨道得电子, 使O―O键活化. O₂在Au₁₉^-团簇上解离反应活化能为1.33 eV, 较中性团簇低0.53 eV; 而在Au₁₉⁺上活化能为2.27 eV, 较中性团簇高0.41 eV, 这与O₂在不同电性Au₁₉团簇O―O键活化规律相一致.     

DOPA醌在Cu(100)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论(GGA)的BLYP方法结合周期性平板模型,以原子簇Cu41为模拟表面,对DOPA醌分子在Cu(100)表面不同位置的吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算以及Mulliken布居分析,结果表明通过相邻的羰基垂直吸附在表面的桥位是其最佳吸附方式,吸附能为247.2310kJ/mol;其次为顶位、顶位R45和穴位,吸附能分别为227.7162kJ/mol、220.7305kJ/mol和217.8456kJ/mol。Mulliken布居分析结果表明整个吸附体系发生了由Cu原子向DOPA醌分子的电荷转移。     

S2O2分子稳定结构的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法,在6-311+G(3df)和Aug-cc-pVTZ水平上,研究了单态S2O2分子的各种可能的异构体及其相对稳定性。结果表明,具有C2v对称性的三角平面分叉异构体的热力学稳定性要高于目前实验上唯一被发现的具有C2v对称性的cis-OSSO异构体,同时trans-OSSO的稳定性与顺式异构体十分接近,这2种异构体应该可以在实验上被观察到。同时本文还讨论了3个最稳定构型的前线分子轨道和链型OSSO的内扭转势能。     

TiO2(110)面的弛豫结构及吸附O2的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法研究了TiO2 ( 110 )的完整和氧缺陷表面的弛豫构型 ,并对O2 在氧缺陷表面的三种可能吸附构型进行了优化 ,计算了它们的吸附能、振动频率和重叠布居 .分析并预测了吸附后可能产生的物种 .本文的计算结果与XPS ,TPD和ELS等实验吻合     

苯分子在Cu(100)面平板模型上吸附的密度泛函理论研究

使用量子化学中的密度泛函理论和平板周期模型方法，研究了苯在Cu(100)面上的吸附方式和相对稳定性. 计算结果表明，苯在Cu(100)表面的吸附属于较强的化学作用，稳定性穴位优于桥位，顶位吸附最不稳定. 在吸附过程中，C—C键有相对大的伸长，C—H键的键长变化较小，但是偏离苯环平面，并背离固体表面，顶位则是朝向表面. 吸附过程中，发生了电子从苯向铜原子的转移.     

NO双分子在Cu2O(111)面吸附与解离的理论研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论结合周期平板模型方法, 在DNP基组下, 研究了NO双分子在三重态和单重态两种电子组态下在Cu2O(111)完整表面的吸附情况. 考虑了Cu+(NO)(NO)、Cu+(NO)(ON)及Cu+(ON)(ON)这三种构型, 计算了它们的吸附能和Mulliken电荷, 分析并预测了吸附后可能产生的物种. 结果表明, 当两个NO分子都以O端吸附在Cu2O(111)表面时即Cu+(ON)(ON)构型, N—N键长很短, 只有124.4 pm, 吸附的两个NO分子形成了二聚体形式, 这种吸附构型有利于进一步离解产生N2或N2O并形成Cu-O表面物种.     

Density Functional Theory Study on the Adsorption of HCNH and CNH2 on Cu（100） Surface

The HCNH and CNH2 adsorption on different coordination sites of Cu（100） was theoretically studied considering the cluster approach. The present calculations show that the bridge site is the most favorite for CNH2 perpendicularly adsorbed on the Cu（100） surface via the C atom. For HCNH absorbed on the Cu（100） surface, the parallel adsorption mode with the C and N atoms nearly directly above the adjacent top sites of Cu（100） surface is the most favored. Both CNH2 and HCNH are strongly bound to the Cu（100） surface with CNH2 which is lightly stable （2.51 kJ·mol^-1）, indicating that both species may be co-adsorbed on the Cu（100） surface.     

CO2 Reduction Mechanism on the Cu2O(110) Surface: A First-Principles Study

Cu₂O is an attractive catalyst for the selective reduction of CO₂ to methanol. However, the mechanism of the reaction and the role of the Cu species in different oxidation states are not well understood yet. In this work, by first-principles calculations, we investigate the mechanism of the reaction on the Cu₂O(110) surface, which is the most selective for methanol, in different degrees of reduction: ideal surface, slightly reduced surface (SRS), and partially reduced surface (PRS). The most favorable reaction pathways on the three surfaces were identified. We found that Cu(I) on the ideal surface is not capable of chemisorbing CO₂, but surface oxygen serves as the active site which selectively converts CO₂ to CH₃OH with a limiting potential of −0.77 V. The Cu(0) on the SRS and PRS promotes the adsorption and reduction of CO₂, while the removal of the residue O* becomes potential/rate limiting with a more negative limiting potential than the ideal surface. The SRS is selective to methanol while the PRS becomes selective to methane. The result suggests that the key to high methanol selectivity is to avoid the reduction of Cu(I), which provides a new strategy for the design of more efficient catalysts for selective CO₂ reduction to methanol.     

氢原子在Pt及Pt系双金属催化表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(dFT)考察了Pt(100)、(110)、(111)三种表面氢原子的吸附行为, 计算了覆盖度为0.25 ML时氢原子在Pt 三种表面和M-Pt(111)双金属(M=Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd)上的最稳定吸附位、表面能以及吸附前后金属表面原子层间弛豫情况. 分析了氢原子在不同双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化以及双金属表面d 带中心偏离费米能级的程度并与氢吸附能进行了关联. 计算结果表明, 在Pt(100), Pt(110)和Pt(111)表面, 氢原子的稳定吸附位分别为桥位、短桥位和fcc 穴位. 三种表面中以Pt(111)的表面能最低, 结构最稳定. 氢原子在不同M-Pt(111)双金属表面上的最稳定吸附位均为fcc 穴位, 其中在Ni-Pt 双金属表面的吸附能最低, Co-Pt 次之. 表明氢原子在Ni-Pt 和Co-Pt 双金属表面的吸附最稳定. 通过对氢原子在M-Pt(111)双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化的分析, 验证了氢原子吸附能计算结果的准确性. 掺杂金属Ni、Co、Fe 的3d-Pt(111)双金属表面在吸附氢原子后发生弛豫, 第一层和第二层金属原子均不同程度地向外膨胀. 此外, 3d金属的掺入使得其对应的M-Pt(111)双金属表面d带中心与Pt 相比更靠近费米能级, 吸附氢原子能力增强, 表明3d-Pt系双金属表面有可能比Pt具有更好的脱氢活性.     

Density Functional Theory Study of the Adsorption of C2H2 on the Cu/Pt(111) Bimetallic Surfaces

We applied periodic density-functional theory to investigate the adsorption of C2H2 on the Cu/Pt bimetallic and monometallic surfaces, including Cu-Pt-Pt and Pt-Cu-Pt representing the monolayer Cu on the Pt surface and subsurface Cu in the Pt surface, respectively. For the Pt(111) and Pt-Cu-Pt surfaces, C2H2 is preferentially a 3-fold "parallel-bridge" configuration, and a "μ-bridge" structure exists above the Cu(111) and Cu-Pt-Pt surfaces. The adsorption energy of C2H2 on these surfaces decreases in the order Pt(111) > Cu-Pt-Pt > Pt-Cu-Pt > Cu(111). The analysis of density of states, charge, and vibrational frequencies showed obviously weakening of the adsorbed C-C bond and high sp2 character on the carbon atom. Furthermore, when the top-layer compositions are equal, the nearer the EF d-band center is, the larger the C2H2 adsorption energy will be.     

Adsorption of H2O,OH, and O on CuCl(111) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study

The adsorption of H2O molecule and its dissociation products, O and OH, on CuCl(111) surface was studied with periodic slab model by PW91 approach of GGA within the framework of density functional theory. The results of geometry optimization indicate that the top site is stable energetically for H2O adsorbed over the CuCl(111) surface. The threefold hollow site is found to be the most stable adsorption site for OH and O, and the calculated adsorption energies are 309.5 and 416.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Adsorption of H2O on oxygen-precovered CuCl(111) surface to form surface hydroxyl groups is predicted to be exothermic by 180.1 kJ/mol. The stretching vibrational frequencies, Mulliken population analysis and density of states analysis are employed to interpret the possible mechanism for the computed results.     

First-principles Periodic Density Functional Study of CO Adsorption on Spinel-type CuCr2O4 (100) Surface

The catalytic properties of CuCr2O4 with the cubic normal spinel-type structure were discussed by means of studying CO adsorption on the CuCr2O4 (100) surface in the framework of density functional theory. The results of geometry optimization show that CO prefers to adsorb at a Cu site with the adsorption energy of 133.2 kJ/mol. The adsorptions at all sites lead to a decrease in C-O stretching frequency, an increase in C-O bond length and a net positive Mulliken charge for the CO molecule. Population analysis indicates that the charges transfer from the CO molecule to substrate. The density of states for CO molecule before and after adsorption are also computed to discuss the bonding mechanism of CO.     

Ag在MgF2(010)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理赝势法, 对MgF2(010)面及吸附Ag的构型进行了优化, 并计算了MgF2(010)面吸附Ag体系的吸附能、 电子结构和光学性能. 结果表明, MgF2(010)面能隙低于体相, 态密度分裂, 出现表面态. Ag在MgF2(010)面的吸附属于稳定的化学吸附, 最佳吸附位为最外层F的四重穴位. 吸附机理主要表现为Ag的4p轨道与第二层的Mg的2p和3s轨道之间发生相互作用, 有少量电荷从Ag向Mg迁移. 吸附Ag后, 可见光波段的光吸收增加, Ag吸附后将使体系在可见光波段出现吸收峰.