梁的弯曲正应力的材料力学方法修正

从矩形截面梁的剪应力公式出发,推导了在横力弯曲情况下梁的弯曲正应力的近似公式．当梁上的分布荷载可用单一的多项式表示时,该公式在取泊松比v=0时与弹性力学的精确解一致,在其他情况下有些误差,但比传统的材料力学解精确很多．提供了简支梁部分受均布荷载作用的算例,给出了材料力学中梁的正应力公式、该近似公式的计算结果及精确解并做了比较．讨论了公式和方法的普适性．     

桩土共同作用的位移影响系数的计算

本文对十分繁冗的单桩位移影响系数和桩对桩位移影响系数的计算提出简易解法。对单桩的各种参数给出笔算的解析式。将桩对桩和桩对土的位移影响系数计算归并于单桩位移影响系数计算公式中。将简化计算解与精确解进行详尽的比较和细致的分析,给出简化计算解的最大相对误差范围,而简化计算结果足以满足工程要求。     

用二次形函数薄层法分析弹性层状地基中的动力问题

薄层法是分析和模拟弹性波在层状介质中传播的一种半解析半数值方法。本文在土层垂直方向离散中利用Galerkin加权残值法推导出二次形函数薄层元的计算公式。采用薄层单元模拟半空间上的层状场地,模型底面用阻尼器边界或傍轴边界代替半空间。利用点源简谐荷载作用下的土层反应与其它数值分析方法的对比讨论薄层模型的设置指标。并用一次和二次两种形函数离散方法计算了层状地基中的面波频散曲线、圆形均布简谐荷载作用下弹性半空间的位移反应和半无限地基中单桩的竖向阻抗函数,分别讨论其计算精度。     

简支梁振台的理论解及位移测试

利用由机械振动理论推导出的等截面简支梁的理论解,推导出了带集中质量的简支梁振动台的理论解,并通过分析动态条件下简支梁的位移与应变之间的关系,证明了:在动态条件下梁的位移与应变之间存在很好的正比关系。利用梁的位移与应变之间正比关系,如果在梁上适当位置粘贴应变片,通过测试应变就能准确地测得梁的动态位移。本文通过实例证明了该方法确实可行,理论解与实测结果非常吻合。这为简支梁的动态测试提供了有效而简便的方法。     

均匀热荷载作用下层合简支梁的弹性力学解

基于二维热弹性力学理论,研究均匀热荷载作用下层合简支梁的弹性力学解.首先导出均匀温度场中满足控制微分方程和两端简支边界条件的单层梁的弹性力学解,然后利用层间界面位移和应力必须连续的条件,递推得到底层梁与顶层梁间的位移和应力关系.最后根据层合梁上下表面的边界条件确定待定系数,带回递推公式得到整个层合梁的应力和位移分布.本文方法的计算结果有很好的收敛性.与有限元软件的结果对照说明了本文方法的精确性.最后,研究了不同的变温对层合简支梁的位移和应力的影响,结果显示每个层间界面在x方向的应力是不连续.随着温度的升高,梁的最大位移相应地增大.温度越高,位移沿厚度变化的速率越大.     

超静定连续梁弹塑性过程分析的单位荷载法

讨论了分析超静定连续梁弹塑性受力和变形全过程的单位荷载法,运用该方法分析了集中荷载作用下一次超静定两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程．根据受力变形的特点,集中荷载作用下两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载过程可分为四个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、集中荷载作用点附近塑性区扩展阶段、集中荷载作用点保持为塑性铰而附近区域线性卸载阶段、两跨连接点附近塑性区扩展直至形成第二个塑性铰阶段．给出了加载过程中各阶段的弯矩内力和竖向位移随外荷载而变化的解析公式．研究结果表明：在相同的单跨荷载工况下,连续梁的变形过程不同于单跨一次超静定梁,其塑性铰形成顺序不同,静定结构形成顺序不同,但塑性极限破坏荷载相同．     

横观各向同性饱和介质非轴对称动力响应分离变量解Separation of variables solution of non-axisymmetrical dynamic response of transversely isotropic saturated porous media

首先将横观各向同性饱和弹性多孔介质非轴对称问题的Bio t波动方程,变换为适宜于进行分离变量法求解的形式;然后在非轴对称简谐激励下,用分离变量法得到Bio t方程的一般解,即用分离变量法求得了多孔介质位移和应力分量的解析表达式;并给出了半空间横观各向同性饱和弹性多孔介质在表面竖向简谐荷载作用下表面竖向位移的数值分析结果,得出载荷对30倍受载半径以外的区域几乎无影响的结论。同时表明了本文的分析方法是切实可行的。     

横观各向同性饱和介质非轴对称动力响应分离变量解

首先将横观各向同性饱和弹性多孔介质非轴对称问题的Biot波动方程,变换为适宜于进行分离变量法求解的形式;然后在非轴对称简谐激励下,用分离变量法得到Biot方程的一般解,即用分离变量法求得了多孔介质位移和应力分量的解析表达式;并给出了半空间横观各向同性饱和弹性多孔介质在表面竖向简谐荷载作用下表面竖向位移的数值分析结果,得出载荷对30倍受载半径以外的区域几乎无影响的结论。同时表明了本文的分析方法是切实可行的。     

结构振动分析中的无网格方法

无网格法采用移动最小二乘法构造位移函数，采用罚方法满足本征边界条件，对弹性体的振动问题进行了分析。首先，对权函数中的参数进行了讨论并优化，给出了参数最优值的确定方法；在此基础上对不同边界条件下梁和板的模态进行了分析；最后计算了受突加荷载作用的简支梁以及具有初位移的筒支方板的动力响应。计算结果表明该方法在动力问题的分析中有较高的精度。     

板下地基位移分布规律及参数确定

将弹性半空间地基受任意竖向荷载作用下的静力位移积分变换解与弹性半空间地基上四边自由矩形板受任意竖向荷载作用下的弯曲解析解相结合,建立了求解板下地基位移的一般方法.对一些算例,进行大量数值计算分析,得出弹性半空间地基上四边自由矩形板下地基水平位移和竖向位移的分布规律,地基影响深度,并由此分布规律确定了其相应的简化模型-双参数地基模型的两个参数.     

均布荷载作用下功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解

利用应力函数半逆解法,研究了均布载荷作用下、材料属性在厚度上任意变化的功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解,给出了各向应力应变与位移的解析显式表达式.首先根据平面应力状态的基本方程,得出了功能梯度梁的应力函数应满足的偏微分方程,并根据应力边界条件得出了各应力分布的表达式;进而根据功能梯度材料的本构方程和位移边界条件,得出了应变和位移的分布.最后,通过将本文的解退化到均质各向同性梁并与经典弹性解比较,证明了本文理论的正确性,并求解了材料组分呈幂律分布的功能梯度梁的应力和位移分布,分析了上下表层材料的弹性模量比λ与组分材料体积分数指数n对应力和位移分布的影响.     

POLYNOMIAL SOLUTIONS TO PIEZOELECTRIC BEAMS (Ⅱ)——ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS TO TYPICAL PROBLEMS

IntroductionThis paper is a continuation of Ref.[1],in which a series of orthotropic piezoelectricplane problems was solved and the corresponding exact solutions were obtained with the trial-and-error method,on the basis of the general solution expressed …     

POLYNOMIAL SOLUTIONS TO PIEZOELECTRIC BEAMS(Ⅱ)--ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS TO TYPICAL PROBLEMS

For the orthotropic piezoelectric plane problem, a series of piezoelectric beams is solved and the corresponding analytical solutions are obtained with the trialand-error method on the basis of the general solution in the case of three distinct eigenvalues, in which all displacements, electrical potential, stresses and electrical displacements are expressed by three displacement functions in terms of harmonic polynomials. These problems are cantilever beam with cross force and point charge at free end, cantilever beam and simply-supported beam subjected to uniform loads on the upper and lower surfaces, and cantilever beam subjected to linear electrical potential.     

两结点简支的弹性基础框架的变形分析

基于初参数法, 研究了均布载荷作用下、两结点简支的弹性基础闭合框架的变形与内力 分布规律. 首先给出了两端弹性支撑的有限长弹性基础梁的挠曲线计算式, 根据结构的边界 条件和对称特性, 不考虑两结点处的位移边界条件, 取出一个局部结构进行了分析; 进而利 用位移和内力的边界条件确定了局部结构的初参数, 并根据结构的对称性得出了整个结构的 内力分布; 最后按照整个结构的位移边界条件, 对以上位移计算结果进行修正, 得出了框架 实际的挠度解析计算式.     

Elasticity solutions for plane anisotropic functionally graded beams

This paper considers the plane stress problem of generally anisotropic beams with elastic compliance parameters being arbitrary functions of the thickness coordinate. Firstly, the partial differential equation, which is satisfied by the Airy stress function for the plane problem of anisotropic functionally graded materials and involves the effect of body force, is derived. Secondly, a unified method is developed to obtain the stress function. The analytical expressions of axial force, bending moment, shear force and displacements are then deduced through integration. Thirdly, the stress function is employed to solve problems of anisotropic functionally graded plane beams, with the integral constants completely determined from boundary conditions. A series of elasticity solutions are thus obtained, including the solution for beams under tension and pure bending, the solution for cantilever beams subjected to shear force applied at the free end, the solution for cantilever beams or simply supported beams subjected to uniform load, the solution for fixed–fixed beams subjected to uniform load, and the one for beams subjected to body force, etc. These solutions can be easily degenerated into the elasticity solutions for homogeneous beams. Some of them are absolutely new to literature, and some coincide with the available solutions. It is also found that there are certain errors in several available solutions. A numerical example is finally presented to show the effect of material inhomogeneity on the elastic field in a functionally graded anisotropic cantilever beam.     

A Motion Amplifier Using an Axially Driven Buckling Beam: II. Modeling and Analysis

In this paper, the nonlinear behavior of a motion amplifier used to obtain large rotations from small linear displacements produced by a piezoelectric stack is studied. The motion amplifier uses elastic (buckling) and dynamic instabilities of an axially driven buckling beam. Since the amplifier is driving a large rotary inertia at the pinned end and the operational frequency is low compared to the resonant frequencies of the beam, the mass of the buckling beam and the dynamics of the PZT stack are neglected and the system is modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom, nonlinear system. The beam simply behaves as a nonlinear rotational spring having a prescribed displacement on the input end and a moment produced by the inertial mass acting on the output end. The moment applied to the mass is then a function of the beam end displacement and the mass rotation. The system can, thus, be modeled simply as a base-excited, spring–mass oscillator. Results of the response for an ideal beam using this reduced-order model agree with the experimental data to a high degree. Inclusion of loading and geometric imperfections show that the response is not particularly sensitive to these imperfections. Parameter studies for the ideal buckling beam amplifier were conducted to provide guidance for improving the design of the motion amplifier and finding the optimal operating conditions for different applications. An erratum to this article can be found at     

中墩斜置对连续箱梁弯扭性能的影响

为了揭示中墩斜支承对连续箱梁力学性能的影响,本文考虑约束扭转和竖向挠曲耦合作用,建立了斜支承连续箱梁的力法方程,并获得了内力和变形的解析式.选取斜支承两跨连续箱梁为数值算例,分别计算了竖向对称和偏心均布荷载作用下的内力和变形,并用ANSYS软件计算了控制截面的弯矩.计算结果表明,本文方法计算的弯矩与ANSYS计算值吻合...     

Nonlinear transverse vibrations of a slightly curved beam carrying a concentrated mass

In this study, a slightly curved Euler Bernoulli beam carrying a concentrated mass was handled. The beam was resting on an elastic foundation and simply supported at both ends. Effects of the concentrated mass on nonlin- ear vibrations were investigated. Sinusoidal and parabolic type functions were used as curvature functions. Equations of motion have cubic nonlinearities because of elongations during vibrations. Damping and harmonic excitation terms were added to the equations of motion. Method of mul- tiple scales, a perturbation technique, was used for solving integro-differential equation analytically. Natural frequen- cies were calculated exactly for different mass ratios, mass locations, curvature functions, and linear elastic foundation coefficients. Amplitude-phase modulation equations were found by considering primary resonance case. Effects of nonlinear terms on natural frequencies were calculated. Frequency-amplitude and frequency-response graphs were plotted. Finally effects of concentrated mass and chosen curvature function on nonlinear vibrations were investigated.     

Non-linear buckling and postbuckling behavior of thin-walled beams considering shear deformation

The static stability of thin-walled composite beams, considering shear deformation and geometrical non-linear coupling, subjected to transverse external force has been investigated in this paper. The theory is formulated in the context of large displacements and rotations, through the adoption of a shear deformable displacement field (accounting for bending and warping shear) considering moderate bending rotations and large twist. This non-linear formulation is used for analyzing the prebuckling and postbuckling behavior of simply supported, cantilever and fixed-end beams subjected to different load condition. Ritz's method is applied in order to discretize the non-linear differential system and the resultant algebraic equations are solved by means of an incremental Newton-Rapshon method. The numerical results show that the beam loses its stability through a stable symmetric bifurcation point and the postbuckling strength is in relation with the buckling load value. Classical predictions of lateral buckling are conservative when the prebuckling displacements are not negligible and the non-linear buckling analysis is required for reliable solutions. The analysis is supplemented by investigating the effects of the variation of load height parameter. In addition, the critical load values and postbuckling response obtained with the present beam model are compared with the results obtained with a shell finite element model (Abaqus).     

Numerical analysis of large elastic-plastic deformation of beams due to dynamic loading

Numerical calculations were performed for two examples of the response of elastic-plastic beams subjected to dynamic loads. These were a simply supported, axially restrained beam under suddenly applied uniform pressure, and an axially restrained, clamped beam with a central mass that is impacted by a projectile. Large elastic-plastic deflections were considered, and the method of finite differences was used. Two different constitutive equations were assumed: the elástic-perfectly plastic relation, and a special elastic-viscoplastic, strain hardening model. Analysis of the results included examining the interaction between the bending moment and the axial force, the variation of the axial force, bending moment and deflection with time, and the propagation velocities of the various phenomena during motion. Experiments were carried out in which a rifle projectile hit a central mass which had been fastened to a clamped beam. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental dynamic deflections shows good agreement for relatively short response times.