原发性肺肉瘤的外科治疗

目的 了解原发性肺肉瘤的临床特点，探讨合理的外科治疗方法。方法 对18例原发性肺肉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 术前仅l例正确诊断，其余均误诊。手术切除率为94．4％(17／18)，手术并发症发生率及手术死亡率均为5．6％(1／18)。术后病理检查结果：恶性纤维组织细胞瘤9例，纤维肉瘤6例，神经纤维肉瘤2例，脂肪肉瘤l例。4例中心型及4例有淋巴结转移患者均为恶性纤维组织细胞瘤。患者5年生存率为38．5％(5／13)，已证实死亡的7例中，l例死于手术并发症，l例死于恶性胸腔积液，其余均死于血道转移。结论 原发性肺肉瘤术前易被误诊，手术切除是主要治疗手段，手术指证及术式选择应根据不同患者的具体情况而定。     

肢体恶性软组织肿瘤的保肢治疗

目的 探讨四肢恶性软组织肿瘤保肢治疗的可行性。方法 22例肢体恶性软组织肿瘤患者中,滑膜肉瘤9例,横纹肌肉瘤及恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各5例。透明细胞肉瘤2例,恶性黄色肉芽肿1例。其中股部9例,臀部4例,膝部、足跟部各3例,小腿外侧、腕部、足背部各1例。16例行肿瘤扩大切除术,6例行肿瘤扩大切除皮瓣修复术。术后采用CVADIC方案行化疗,16例行放疗。结果 19例获得平均4年2个月的随访,2例复发,2例死亡(1例为复发后再次手术患者)。结论 肿瘤切除彻底是四肢恶性软组织肿瘤保肢治疗的前提;放疗可以改善局部控制率;CVADIC方案是治疗恶性软组织肿瘤的可行方案;肿瘤切除后软组织缺损修复,应选择操作简单、就近取材、效果良好的方法。     

四肢软组织低度恶性肿瘤的保肢治疗

目的:探讨四肢软组织低度恶性肿瘤的临床特点及保肢治疗的可行性。方法:2008年-2014年我院共34例四肢软组织恶性肿瘤患者:滑膜肉瘤11例,横纹肌肉瘤7例,脂肪肉瘤6例,腱鞘巨细胞瘤3例,平滑肌肉瘤3例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,软骨肉瘤1例,恶性肉芽肿1例。其中18例行肿瘤扩大切除术,6例行根除性切除术,5例行微波灭活瘤体切除术,3例行瘤段切除、离体灭活再植术,2例行局部切除术。根据患者具体情况术中给予皮瓣修复术。根据肿瘤性质和全身情况在术后给予放疗或化疗治疗。结果:全部34例患者均获得随访,随访时间（23.5±14.6）个月,其中3例患者复发,2例患者死亡。患肢功能良好。结论:对于四肢的软组织低度恶性肿瘤,及时给予扩大切除,微波灭活等合适的保肢治疗,可以取得良好的临床治疗效果和肢体功能恢复。     

肢体软组织肉瘤34例外科治疗体会

目的探讨肢体软组织肉瘤的诊断与手术疗效。方法回顾性分析外科手术治疗并经病理证实的34例肢体软组织肉瘤患者的诊治资料。结果术后病理:韧带样瘤型纤维瘤病4例,纤维肉瘤5例,浅表型纤维瘤病1例,隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤4例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,脂肪肉瘤5例,平滑肌肉瘤5例,恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤2例,滑膜肉瘤2例,原始神经外胚层瘤2例。28例获术后随访1～4 a,4例(14.3%)复发,复发时间12～26个月,平均20个月。结论外科手术是肢体软组织肉瘤最重要的治疗手段,合理应用综合治疗和个体化治疗可提高切除率、降低复发率。     

腹直肌肌皮瓣修复肿瘤相关腹股沟区软组织缺损临床价值的探讨

目的:探讨横行腹直肌肌皮瓣修复与肿瘤相关腹股沟区软组织缺损的临床价值。方法:2000-01-2009-01应用本法共修复腹股沟区软组织缺损12例,其中恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,滑膜肉瘤2例,鳞状细胞癌2例,恶性黑色素瘤转移2例,纤维瘤病1例,横纹肌肉瘤术后1例;原发3例,复发7例,放疗后切口溃烂2例(滑膜肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤术后各1例);滑膜肉瘤术后放疗后复发1例。结果:围手术期腹直肌肌皮瓣移植,11例全部成活,1例部分坏死;11例平均随访15个月,1例失访;局部复发1例,肺、脑转移死亡3例,余8例均生存,供区无并发症出现。结论:腹直肌肌皮瓣修复腹股沟软组织缺损具有愈合快、抗感染力强、供区隐蔽以及手术操作方便等优点,可实行双组手术,宜于修复较大腹股沟区软组织缺损。     

软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤化疗的临床观察

目的 观察软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤动脉灌注化疗的疗效.方法 44例软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,采用皮下埋植式动脉介入化疗系统,用阿霉素和顺铂联合咖啡因、去甲斑蝥素治疗,治疗后随访32个月.结果 本组病变影像改变PR 18例(56.3%).化疗后手术病理中重度以上化疗反应30例(71.4%).平均随访32个月,术后无肿瘤局部复发.肺转移3例,2例死亡.结论 软组织恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的治疗可以选择动脉灌注化疗,以化疗后手术切除的肿瘤病理改变作为重要的预后评价标准.     

下斜方肌皮瓣在躯干和腋窝软组织肉瘤切除修复中的应用

背景与目的:躯干及腋窝软组织肉瘤切除后的较大缺损常需采用组织皮瓣修复重建。本研究主要探讨下斜方肌皮瓣在躯干和腋窝肉瘤切除后组织缺损修复中的应用。方法:应用下斜方肌皮瓣治疗复旦大学附属肿瘤医院胃及软组织外科收治的6例软组织肉瘤患者,其中男性4例,女性2例。年龄27～81岁,平均57岁。全部病例均为多次术后复发。病理诊断结果显示,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤1例,去分化脂肪肉瘤1例,平滑肌肉瘤1例,未分化软组织肉瘤1例,其中合并肺部转移2例。肿瘤完整切除后,采用岛状或直接转位的下斜方肌皮瓣行缺损创面修复(岛状4例,邻近转位2例),其中同侧肌皮瓣2例,对侧4例,皮瓣大小为8 cm×15 cm～10 cm×30 cm,3例行供区植皮。1例未分化肉瘤术后应用MAID方案化疗6个周期,1例平滑肌肉瘤行辅助放疗,其余患者拒绝其他辅助治疗。结果:4例斜方肌皮瓣全部存活,2例出现皮瓣部分坏死,经换药后伤口愈合。平均随访6个月,术后2个月有2例患者分别死于肺转移和肺部感染,其他4例患者无局部复发,其中1例肺转移患者带瘤生存。肩部功能较术前无明显下降。结论:下斜方肌皮瓣具有稳定的血供,易于切取和存活,转位修复躯干和腋窝肿瘤切除后缺损,对患者肩部功能无明显影响。     

肢体软组织肉瘤保肢综合治疗疗效观察

目的:探讨术前新辅助化疗对软组织肉瘤的疗效及在保肢治疗中的意义.方法:28例肢体软组织肉瘤中恶性纤维组织细胞瘤18例,滑膜肉瘤3例,脂肪肉瘤6例,原始神经外胚层肿瘤(PNET)1例 .术前均给予选择性肿瘤供血动脉灌注化疗2-3周期,化疗药物为阿霉素/顺铂和异环磷酰胺.化疗后均行保肢手术治疗.结果:28例术前化疗后均有疼痛缓解、皮温降低、肿胀减轻、瘤体不同程度缩小、边缘变清楚及关节活动度增加.化疗后均行肿瘤广泛切除术,术中获得良好的外科切除界限.随访16-56个月,2例死亡,1例局部复发行截肢术.术后12个月后采用MSTS 93评分系统评分为24.0-29.0分,平均为27.0分.28例3年生存率为92.9%,初次保肢率100%,最终保肢率89.3%.结论:术前新辅助化疗后广泛切除手术是肢体软组织肉瘤的有效保肢治疗方法.     

旋转成形术治疗股骨与胫骨上端恶性肿瘤(16例报告)

目的：探讨应用旋转成形术治疗股骨与胫骨上端恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法：回顾分析我院收治的下肢恶性肿瘤16例，包括股骨远端13例，股骨近端2例，胫骨上端l例。病理诊断：骨肉瘤9例，骨纤维肉瘤2例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例，滑膜肉瘤、腺泡状肉瘤与骨巨细胞瘤Ⅱ～Ⅲ级各l例。外科分期：EnnekingⅡb期15例，Ib期l例。手术方式：按Winkelmann的分型，A1型13例，A2型l例，B1型2例。结合术前术后化疗6例，放疗2例。结果：全部病例无l例术中死亡，有15例经随访12个月—10年2个月，平均5年4个月，存活最短12个月，最长10年以上。2年内因肺转移死亡4例，2年以上存活ll例，生存率73．3％，5年以上仍健在7例，生存率46．6％，其中有l例术后7年局部复发，再行局部切除。本组共复发2例，复发率13．3％。所有病人存活期间安装小腿假肢后，行走功能满意。结论：旋转成形术治疗股骨与胫骨上端恶性肿瘤，不但可获得较好的疗效，较低的复发率，具有保留或复建髋、膝关节功能的作用，能更好的负重，而且无患肢痛等优点。     

软组织肉瘤动脉灌注新辅助化疗后的保肢治疗

目的探讨术前动脉内灌注化疗对软组织肉瘤的疗效及在保肢治疗中的意义。方法28例肢体软组织肉瘤,其中恶性纤维组织细胞瘤18例,滑膜肉瘤3例,脂肪肉瘤6例,原始神经外胚层肿瘤（PNET）1例。术前均给予选择性肿瘤供血动脉灌注化疗2-3周期,化疗药物为阿霉素／顺铂和异环磷酰胺。化疗后均行保肢手术治疗。结果28例术前化疗后均有疼痛缓解、皮温降低、肿胀减轻、瘤体不同程度缩小、边缘变清楚及关节活动度增加。化疗后均行肿瘤广泛切除术,术中获得良好的外科切除界限。随访6-46个月,平均25个月。2例死亡,1例局部复发行截肢术。术后12个月后采用MSTS93评分系统评分为24-29分,平均为27分。28例3年生存率为92.9％,初次保肢率100％,最终保肢率89.3％。结论肢体软组织肉瘤术前动脉灌注新辅助化疗是一种有效的保肢治疗方法。     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.