精神分裂症患者家属对抗精神病药物管理的现状分析

目的调查精神分裂症患者家属对抗精神病药物的管理状况,分析药物管理对疾病的影响。方法采用自制问卷对265名精神分裂症患者家属进行调查,问卷包括四个方面,共20个条目。结果回收有效间卷231份（87．2％）。患者家属的受教育年限对疾病、疾病治疗、抗精神病药物基本知识的了解影响了患者家属对药物及患者服药的管理。结论加强患者家属健康宣教、普及精神卫生知识对精神疾病的维持治疗、预防复发至关重要。     

清开灵联合小剂量抗精神病药物治疗精神分裂症临床观察

目的探讨清开灵联合小剂量抗精神病药物治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法将116例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组60例,对照组56例。研究组给予清开灵静脉滴注,联用小剂量舒必利或／和氯氮平治疗。对照组给予舒必利或／和氯氮平治疗。疗程均为8w。采用阳性与阴性症状量表评定临床疗效。结果研究组总有效率为96．61％,对照组为96．42％,两组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。研究组1例出现椎体外系不良反应,对照组9例出现椎体外系不良反应,静坐不能2例。结论清开灵联合抗精神病药物治疗精神分裂症安全有效。     

抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者血脂水平的影响分析

目的探讨抗精神病药物(APS)对精神分裂症患者血脂水平的影响。方法随机选择精神分裂症确证患者62例,比较氯氮平治疗前后三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果治疗后患者TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平升高,但仅TG、TC水平与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 APS可有效治疗精神分裂症,但也可导致患者血脂水平升高;在治疗过程中,应监测患者血脂水平,防止高脂血症及其并发症的发生。     

抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者心电图的影响

目的探讨抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者心电图的影响。方法对100例精神分裂症患者应用抗精神病药物治疗前后各周的心电图变化进行监测,并进行统计分。结果入组的100例精神分裂症患者服用抗精神病药物治疗后心电图均有不同程度的改变,服用氯丙嗪、氯氮平、氟哌啶醇、奋乃静治疗的患者心电图异常改变发生率较高,以窦性心动过速、T波改变、ST段下移为多见,其次为窦性心动过缓,室性早搏和QT间期延长;传导阻滞较少见,少部分患者出现QTc间期延长。结论抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者心电图有一定影响,在应用抗精神病药物治疗时应定期监测心电图的变化,为及时有效的防治提供依据。     

抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者糖代谢的影响

目的探讨不同抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者糖代谢的影响。方法对入组的520例服用抗精神病药物的精神分裂症患者于人组的次日进行清晨空腹血糖测定,以后1次·mo^-1,对测定结果进行分析。结果精神分裂症患者服用不同抗精神病药物所致糖代谢异常的发生率为9．81％。无论是传统抗精神病药物,还是新一代抗精神病药物。均可以引起血糖代谢异常,尤以服用氯氮平治疗最为显著。结论精神分裂症患者服用不同抗精神病药物均可导致糖代谢异常,在临床治疗中应定期进行血糖检测,做到早发现,早治疗。     

抗精神病药物与精神分裂症病人糖代谢异常

糖尿病是一种常见的慢性代谢性疾病。资料显示,精神分裂症病人糖尿病患病率显著高于普通人群。抗精神病药物与精神分裂症病人糖代谢异常之间存在着相关性,本文对其相关性进行综述。     

传统抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者催乳素的影响

目的探讨传统抗精神病药物（APD）对精神分裂症患者催乳素（PRL）的影响。方法采用磁分离放射免疫法测定82例精神分裂症患者妁PRL水平并与健康对照组进行比较。结果精神分裂症组血清妁PRL水平明显高于健康对照组，两者存在显著性区别（P〈0.01）。女性升高更为明显，是男性的2倍。结论传统抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者PRL水平有明显的影响。     

精神分裂症患者服用抗精神病药物后体重增加的调查分析

目的：探讨抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者体重的影响。方法：对住院首发精神分裂症和分裂样精神病患者服用不同的抗精神病药物，入院时、3个月和1a后测量体重及Quetelet指数的变化。结果：抗精神病药可导致患者体重明显增加、Quetelet指数升高（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；氯氮平、舒必利等低效价药比氟哌定醇等高效价药更易增加体重。结论：体重增加可影响患者治疗依从性，治疗期间做好心理及饮食护理，注意药物选择。     

精神分裂症患者服用抗精神病药物后体重增加原因分析及护理对策

目的:比较精神分裂症患者服用抗精神病药物前后体重的变化,找出原因并提出相应的护理对策。方法:选择104例单一应用抗精神病药物治疗满8周的精神分裂症患者,分别于治疗后第4周、第8周测量体重。结果:服用抗精神病药物后第4周53.8%的患者出现体重增加,治疗第8周61.5%的患者出现体重增加,第8周体重增加值显著高于第4周体重增加值(P<0.01)。女性患者体重增加值明显大于男性(P<0.05)。多次住院者病程与体重增加呈负相关(r=-0.446,P=0.01)。结论:大多数服用抗精神病药物患者存在肥胖的风险。     

抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者血清总胆汁酸的影响

目的探讨抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者血清中总胆汁酸的影响及意义。方法使用第5代循环酶法检测289例首发精神分裂症患者药物治疗前后和健康对照人群的血清总胆汁酸水平。结果精神分裂症患者应用抗精神病药物治疗后总胆汁酸水平增加,超过正常值上限的比例为15.2%。结论抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者的血清总胆汁酸水平有一定影响。     

Effects of antipsychotic drugs on neurites relevant to schizophrenia treatment

Although antipsychotic drugs are mainly used for treating schizophrenia, they are widely used for treating various psychiatric diseases in adults, the elderly, adolescents and even children. Today, about 1.2% of the worldwide population suffers from psychosis and related disorders, which translates to about 7.5 million subjects potentially targeted by antipsychotic drugs. Neurites project from the cell body of neurons and connect neurons to each other to form neural networks. Deficits in neurite outgrowth and integrity are implicated in psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. Neurite deficits contribute to altered brain development, neural networking and connectivity as well as symptoms including psychosis and altered cognitive function. This review revealed that (1) antipsychotic drugs could have profound effects on neurites, synaptic spines and synapse, by which they may influence and regulate neural networking and plasticity; (2) antipsychotic drugs target not only neurotransmitter receptors but also intracellular signaling molecules regulating the signaling pathways responsible for neurite outgrowth and maintenance; (3) high doses and chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs may cause some loss of neurites, synaptic spines, or synapsis in the cortical structures. In addition, confounding effects causing neurite deficits may include elevated inflammatory cytokines and antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic side effects in patients on chronic antipsychotic therapy. Unraveling how antipsychotic drugs affect neurites and neural connectivity is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes and preventing aversive effects for patients on antipsychotic drug treatment.     

精神分裂症患者服用抗精神病药物前后血清LDL-C、TG、TC水平变化及其临床意义

目的分析与探讨精神分裂症患者服药前后血脂水平的变化。方法回顾性分析63例于2014年8月至2016年8月在北京回龙观医院接受药物治疗的精神分裂症患者的临床资料。结果观察组患者服药8周后的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)水平与服药前相比均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组患者服药8周后的各项指标水平与服药前相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。服药后1个月,观察组与对照组服药后进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分比较,观察组的不同症状评分以及一般精神病理和总分均显著低于对照组(P0.05),进行生活质量SF-36健康问卷评分和比较,观察组各项得分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论研究表明,对精神分裂症患者实施利培酮口腔崩解片联合奥沙西泮治疗可以获得理想的临床效果,提高患者的日常生活能力和生活质量,有效改善患者LDL-C、TG、TC水平,减少各种不良反应的出现,是一种安全高效的治疗方案,值得推广。     

Factors associated with antipsychotic medication adherence in community‐based patients with schizophrenia in Hong Kong: A cross sectional study

The purpose of the present study was to examine the factors affecting adherence to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia registered with a community psychiatric nursing service in Hong Kong. The study was a cross‐sectional observational survey; symptoms, drug attitudes, insight, side‐effects, and sociodemographic characteristics were measured and explored in terms of their relationship with medication adherence. A total of 584 patients who were visited by community psychiatric nurses (CPN) participated, and 30% of these patients were non‐adherent with their antipsychotic medication. Positive treatment attitudes, awareness of the need for treatment, being prescribed clozapine, receiving state benefits, lower levels of symptoms, and fewer side‐effects were associated with adherence. The findings from this study suggest that the clinical efforts of CPN to improve adherence should aim to help patients amplify the personal relevance of treatment and modify patients' attitudes towards medication.     

青少年首发精神分裂症对非典型抗精神病药物的治疗反应性

目的：探讨青少年首发精神分裂症患者对非典型抗精神病药物的治疗反应性。方法对62例青少年首发精神分裂症患者根据其个体状况及症状特点分别口服利培酮、阿立哌唑、齐拉西酮、喹硫平、奥氮平治疗,观察8周。对不同年龄段、不同未治疗期及服用不同抗精神病药物患者治疗前后阳性与阴性症状量表、功能大体评定量表、锥体外系副反应量表和不自主运动量表的评分结果进行对比分析。结果本组患者治疗后显效率达46.8%,>18岁组显效率显著高于≤18岁组(P <0.05)。治疗8周末未治疗期≤12个月患者阳性与阴性症状量表总分较>12个月患者下降更显著(P <0.05),功能大体评定量表总分较>12个月患者升高更显著(P<0.05);服用不同非典型抗精神病药物患者各量表评分比较差异均无显著性(P >0.05)。结论不同非典型抗精神病药物治疗青少年首发精神分裂症患者疗效显著且相当,不良反应较轻微,但患者首发年龄越小,未治疗期时间越长,治疗效果越差。     

Treatment persistence: a comparison among patients with schizophrenia who were initiated on atypical antipsychotic agents

BACKGROUND: Although clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of atypical antipsychotic agents in reducing symptoms of schizophrenia, the likelihood of sustaining control of schizophrenic symptoms may depend on treatment persistence. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we compared treatment persistence between patients who were initiated on risperidone or olanzapine, the two most widely prescribed atypical antipsychotic agents. METHOD: We identified patients with schizophrenia by ICD-9-CM codes (> or =1 inpatient or > or =2 outpatient ICD-9-CM codes > or =7 days apart) between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 1999. We further selected those who were prescribed the target drug during 1 April 1999 through 31 March 2000 provided that they were not on any antipsychotic agents during the prior 6 months. Using event history analysis, we compared the treatment persistence in terms of hazard ratio between olanzapine and risperidone initiators, adjusting for patient's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Following the initiation of the target drug, more patients switched from risperidone to olanzapine than vice versa. However, among patients with schizophrenia who had comorbid diabetes, there were more patients who made a switch from olanzapine to risperidone; whereas among those who used anxiolytics, there were more patients who switched from risperidone to olanzapine. Finally, olanzapine initiators had decreased hazards of discontinuation by 14% (unadjusted; P < 0.001) and 12% (adjusted; P = 0.002), respectively, than risperidone initiators. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with risperidone, olanzapine seems to be better tolerated by patients as indicated by better treatment persistence. As such, initiation of olanzapine may increase the likelihood of sustaining control of symptoms of schizophrenia. Future research needs to provide a more comprehensive assessment of treatment persistence by considering other antipsychotic agents in the study and developing models to assess treatment persistence and switching as two interdependent competing risks.     

抗精神病药物联合氟西汀治疗慢性精神分裂症阴性症状临床研究

目的评价抗精神病药物联合氟西汀治疗慢性精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效及安全性。方法对42例慢性精神分裂症患者在抗精神药物治疗阴性症状效果不佳时联合氟西汀治疗,观察12w。于治疗前及治疗2w、4w、8w、12w末采用简明精神病量表、阴性症状量表、副反应量表评定临床疗效及不良反应。结果简明精神病量表评分联合治疗2w末较入组时有显著下降（t=2.87,P〈0.05）,4w末起有极显著下降（t=3.62,P〈0.01）。阴性症状量表评分联合治疗2w起较入组时有极显著下降（t=3.64,P〈0.01）。副反应量表评分联合治疗4w末较入组时有显著下降（t=2.84,P〈0.05）,8w起有极显著下降（t=3.57,P〈0.01）。结论抗精神病药物联合氟西汀治疗慢性精神分裂症阴性症状疗效显著,且不加重不良反应,安全性高,依从性好。     

抗精神病药物联合心理干预对精神分裂症患者认知和社会功能的影响

目的探讨抗精神病药物联合心理干预对精神分裂症患者认知和社会功能的影响。方法将120例精神分裂症患者分为对照组和干预组,对照组给予帕利哌酮治疗,干预组给予帕利哌酮联合心理干预,观察入组前和入组后4、8和12周末采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定精神分裂症症状的严重程度,采用韦氏成人记忆量表(WMS)评定认知状况,采用个人和社会功能量表(PSP)评定社会功能。结果入组后12周时干预组患者脱落率(10.7%)低于对照组(28.6%)(P0.059)。2组患者入组后4、8及12周时PANSS评分递减,WMS、PSP评分递增,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。入组后12周时干预组PANSS评分低于对照组(P0.01),入组后8、12周时干预组WMS、PSP评分高于对照组(P0.01)。2组不良反应事件发生情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抗精神病药物联合心理干预可改善精神分裂症患者的认知和社会功能,提高治疗依从性。     

认知行为治疗和运动干预对服用抗精神病药物患者影响的效果评价

目的:探讨认知行为治疗及运动干预对服用抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者体重、运动状况、服药状况以及是否复发等的影响。方法:将133例服用抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者随机分为实验组65例,对照组68例。对照组患者按常规接受护理和健康教育,实验组患者在此基础上接受为期3个月的院内认知行为治疗和运动干预。观察两组患者在出院后3个月时的体重、体重指数、运动状况、服药状况以及是否复发。结果:两组患者在出院后3个月时体重、体重指数、运动状况及服药状况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组患者是否复发的差异无统计学意义(P=0.086)。结论:院内为期3个月的认知行为治疗以及运动干预可预防服用抗精神病药物患者体重及体重指数的增加、改善患者的运动状况以及服药状况。