高强高导Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的研究现状

从合金成分设计、析出相结构和制备技术三方面综述了高强高导Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的研究现状.在分析多种元素对合金强度影响的基础上,重点讨论了稀土元素的作用,适量稀土的加入能同时提高合金的硬度和电导率.Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的析出相主要是Cr和CuxZr（x=3,4,5）相,且合金在470 ℃时效4h形成有序的原子排列,其化合物类型为CrCu2（Zr,Mg）.固溶形变时效强化技术和快速凝固技术与常规固溶时效处理相比都能大大提高合金的综合性能.该类合金今后应向多元微合金化方向发展,尚待解决的主要问题是Zr、稀土等易烧损元素的熔炼较难控制.     

Cu-Ni-Si-Cr合金时效处理后的组织与性能

研究了时效与时效前的冷变形对Cu-2．37Ni-0．58Si-0．39Cr合金时效后硬度及导电率的影响，结果表明：合金经920℃固溶处理后，在500℃时效时可获得较高的硬度，而在550℃时效可得到较高的导电率；合金时效前的冷变形可加速时效析出，试样经80％变形后，在500℃时效1h，显微硬度可达HV271，而固溶态直接时效仅为HV239。合金在时效析出过程中有两种类型的析出相，分别为Cr3Si和Ni2Si。     

时效对Cu-Cr-Zr合金显微硬度及导电率的影响

探讨了时效工艺及形变量对Cu 0 .3Cr 0 .15Zr合金显微硬度及导电率的影响。结果表明 ,合金经 92 0℃固溶处理后在 4 2 0℃及 4 6 0℃时效可分别达到较好的硬度和导电率 ,分别达 183HV和 6 8%IACS ;时效前对合金加以适当冷变形可加速合金时效析出过程。影响合金导电率的主要因素是基体中固溶元素的含量 ,含量越高 ,导电率越低 ,反之则越高。而时效前冷变形可以增加合金内部位错等缺陷的数量 ,加速了合金第二相的析出。     

Ti_(30)Nb_5Ta_6Zr合金的组织和力学性能研究

根据β稳定化系数kβ和d-电子理论,采用无细胞毒性合金元素Nb、Ta、Zr,设计了具有低弹性模量的新型牙科种植用近β型Ti30Nb5Ta6Zr合金,研究了合金经不同温度固溶和时效处理后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,合金固溶后在低温时效时析出ω相导致合金脆性.随时效温度升高,析出相由ω逐步变为α并发生粗化,使合金强度降低,但塑性得到改善.固溶温度过低（700℃）,时效后强度较低 固溶温度过高（850℃）,导致合金出现β脆性.合金在750℃固溶和500℃时效12h后强韧性好,弹性模量低于现有Ti29Nb13Ta4.6Zr合金,综合力学性能可满足牙科种植合金的要求.     

形变热处理对Cu0.3Cr0.1Zr合金上引铸坯杆组织性能的影响

通过对上引Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金固溶处理、冷拉拔以及随后的时效处理工艺,研究冷拉拔形变及时效对材料力学性能、导电性能及组织结构的影响规律.结果表明:时效前的冷拉拔变形能提高Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金的力学性能而保持较高的导电率;合金在950 ℃固溶1 h后,经70%冷拉拔变形和500 ℃时效4 h,合金抗拉强度和导电率分别达到了418 MPa和87 %IACS;时效合金组织转变过程为:固溶体→G.P.区→Cr+Cu₄Zr,析出相对位错运动的阻碍是合金强化的重要机制.     

时效处理对Cu-Cr-Ti合金组织与性能的影响

由于高强、高导Cu-Cr-Zr合金在工业化生产熔炼时不易控制Zr的收得率,通过采用Ti替代Zr,以期获得易熔炼以及性能与Cu-Cr-Zr合金相当的时效强化型Cu-Cr-Ti合金。采用真空感应熔炼技术,经过热锻、固溶、冷轧、时效共4道工序,制备了Cu-Cr-Ti合金板材;对时效后的Cu-Cr-Ti合金的组织状态、析出相形态、析出相与基体的界面关系进行了分析;对合金的抗拉强度和导电率进行了测试。结果表明：450 ℃时效60 min后,Cu-0.45Cr-0.14Ti合金的综合性能最佳,抗拉强度和导电率分别达到620 MPa和64.9 %IACS;Cu-0.45Cr-0.14Ti合金中纳米尺寸的Cr强化相呈现椭圆形和双花瓣形,2种形状的析出相粒子均为面心立方结构,且均与基体保持完全共格关系。     

固溶时效对Cu-17Zn-0.4Cr合金硬度的影响

文章通过不同的热处理工艺来研究固溶时效对Cu-Zn-Cr合金硬度的影响.结果表明,经920 ℃、1 h固溶,再经475 ℃、1 h时效,合金的硬度能达到最大值120.5 HV.X射线衍射和扫描电镜研究表明,经920 ℃固溶475 ℃时效后,Zn在合金中与铜形成单相的α固溶体基体;有少量Cr在固溶过程中未溶入基体,此Cr粒子尺寸粗大;大多数Cr粒子为时效过程析出,在基体上呈细小弥散分布,这部分析出的Cr粒子是合金强化的主要原因.     

时效工艺对Cu-Ag-Zr合金电磨损性能的影响

对Cu-0．1Ag-0．18Zr合金时效后的电导率、显微硬度以及电滑动磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明：该合金940℃固溶1h后，在560℃时效可获得较高的电导率，在480℃时效可获得较高的显微硬度。时效前冷变形能大大加快第二相的析出过程，使合金综合性能显著提高。该合金经940℃固溶再经60％变形后，在480℃时效1h，其电导率和显微硬度分别可达85．6％IACS和HV131．2，而固溶后直接时效为81．3％IACS和HV116．1。在载流条件下，合金的磨损量随加载电流的增加而增大；磨损机制是以电蚀为主的电蚀、犁削和磨粒磨损。     

节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的组织及性能

研究了节镍无磁不锈钢Cr18Ni6Mn3N的热轧及固溶后的力学性能和耐蚀性能,分析了其固溶和时效析出后的组织演变规律、冷变形过程中形变诱发马氏体相变及其磁性能.结果表明:该不锈钢的固溶组织为单相奥氏体,其力学性能和耐蚀性能均高于SUS304不锈钢;800℃保温4 h后,在晶界析出粒状氮化物,随着保温时间延长,逐渐沿晶界凸起片层状析出物并向晶内生长,保温20 h后,凸出的片层状析出物直径达20μm.冷轧压下率18.3%时尚未发现形变诱发马氏体组织,随着变形量增大,马氏体含量增多,磁导率上升,但与相同条件下的SUS304不锈钢相比,冷轧板固溶后相对磁导率可降至1.002,因此可用于低成本无磁不锈钢领域.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr合金板材制备过程中组织性能的演变

采用拉伸力学性能、硬度、电导率测试以及X线衍射(XRD)物相分析和电子显微分析技术研究Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr合金板材在制备过程中的组织性能演变.研究结果表明:铸态合金在350℃/8 h单级均匀化处理过程中析出细小弥散的Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子,但同时也析出大量粗大T相,合金过饱和度降低,强度下降;在350℃/8h+470℃/24 h双级均匀化第二级过程中,T相回溶入基体,而Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子特性基本上没有发生变化;由于Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子的抑制再结晶作用,合金热轧、退火以及冷轧后固溶状态下为纤维状变形组织;时效后合金析出大量细小弥散分布的η’相,具有很强的强化效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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