The tilted posterior tooth. Part II: Biomechanical therapy

There are several reasons that may justify the use of adjunctive orthodontic intervention prior to, or instead of, the prosthetic replacement of missing dental units. These have been outlined. Methods are described where the space for the pontic may be altered in length while the abutment teeth are made parallel. Techniques which attempt to produce root movement or techniques in which full space closure is planned are best performed by a competent orthodontist.     

The tilted posterior tooth. Part III: Abutment for a fixed partial denture

The problem of achieving a common path of insertion for a fixed partial denture when a tilted posterior abutment is involved can usually be solved by well planned tooth preparation in conjunction at times with intentional endodontic therapy. When tooth preparation alone cannot solve the problem, the mechanical solutions of the locked attachment and the telescopic retainer are available and must be considered. Other problems involved with the tilted abutment, adjacent tilted teeth, space reduction, supraversion of the antagonist, and the problem of a long-span fixed partial denture were discussed.     

The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of TMJ dysfunction-pain syndrome. Part I: Etiology

Craniomandibular pain has five major causes: neurologic, vascular, the temperomandibular joint itself, muscular, and hysterical conversion. When the pain source is purely in the muscles it has been termed MPD (myofascial pain dysfunction) by Laskin. However, when the TMJ itself is also involved it is called TMJ dysfunction-pain syndrome.     

Hypersensitive teeth. Part I: Etiology

Although several theories have been suggested for hypersensitive dentin, it appears that the hydrodynamic theory is most plausible. If a clinical diagnosis of dentin hypersensitivity can be made, occlusion of the patent tubules would result in a reduction of hypersensitivity by the rapid fluid shift within the tubules. The naturally occurring defense mechanisms would wall off the narrow tubules producing the fluid flow, thus reducing the pain associated with hypersensitivity. In Part II of this article the current treatment modalities for dentin hypersensitivity will be discussed.     

Prevention. Part 3: prevention of tooth wear

Non-carious destruction of teeth has been observed in archaeological material from various parts of the world and clearly pre-dates the first appearance of dental caries. Attrition, abrasion and erosion are also described in the classic text of Pindborg on the pathology of the dental hard tissues. Whilst the dental profession, at least in affluent parts of the world, was engaged in diagnosing, treating and later preventing dental caries these other causes of tooth destruction were largely ignored.     

Diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of the cracked tooth syndrome.

Many morphologic, physical, and iatrogenic factors, such as deep grooves, pronounced intraoral temperature fluctuation, poor cavity preparation design, and wrong selection of restorative materials, may predispose posterior teeth to an incomplete fracture. The resulting cracked tooth syndrome is frequently associated with bizarre symptoms that may complicate diagnosis and can persist for many years. Epidemiologic data reveal that splits or fractures are the third most common cause of tooth loss in industrialized countries, primarily affecting maxillary molars and premolars and mandibular molars. This finding indicates that the cracked tooth syndrome is of high clinical importance. Thus, at-risk teeth should be reinforced early, for instance by castings with cusp coverage or by internal splinting with adhesive ceramic restorations.     

The sleep apnea syndrome. Part I: Diagnosis

Part I of this two-part article presents a review of the symptoms, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of the sleep apnea syndrome. The more common obstructive type is characterized by disturbed sleep and daytime hypersomnolence. Subjective signs and symptoms should be correlated with objective findings by way of polysomnography (sleep study) to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Electrocardiographic monitoring during polysomnography has revealed potentially life-threatening arrhythmias during sleep. Differential diagnosis should include central sleep apnea and narcolepsy to avoid inappropriate therapy and worsening of symptoms.     

Block autografts for localized ridge augmentation: Part I. The posterior maxilla

This two-part series focuses on localized ridge augmentation using block autografts from the symphysis and the ramus buccal shelf for posterior maxillary (part I) and mandibular (part II) reconstruction. The various aspects of the surgical technique necessary for predictable results and minimal morbidity are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on staging, incision design, and recipient site preparation.     

Emergence profiles in natural tooth contour. Part I: Photographic observations

Photographic data revealed that in natural teeth, straight emergence profiles are the norm. Since one objective of restoration design is to accurately replace missing tooth structure by using reliable anatomic model, reproduction of the appropriate emergence profile is essential.     

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牙或牙根移位进入其临近软组织间隙是牙拔除术中较为少见的并发症,一旦发生会给患者带来身体和精神上的伤害。由于口腔颌面部解剖的特点及术者操作不当,可将牙或牙根推入相应的软组织间隙中,继而引起术后疼痛、肿胀、感染、张口受限及发热等并发症。本文对该并发症的发生原因、临床表现、治疗措施及预防方法进行具体阐述,为临床预防及处理该并发症提供参考。     

Fundamentals of extracoronal tooth preparation. Part I. Retention and resistance form

1. 1. The principles and factors of retention and resistance form have been classified and discussed.

2. 2. A basis for the selection and application of these principles and factors to fulfill the biomechanical requirements of individual retainers has been presented.

3. 3. Adequate resistance and retention can be achieved during tooth preparation if a systematic approach, as outlined, is applied.

     

The cracked tooth syndrome: additional findings.

The results of this study add to the previous findings on the cracked tooth syndrome. Treatment to prevent further cracking is a must. Dentists should be aware of the syndrome and, after making the diagnosis, initiate necessary treatment.