PVC/CPE/CaCO_3复合材料的力学性能

以聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体,采用熔融共混法制备了PVC/氯化聚乙烯（CPE）合金和PVC/CPE（12 phr）/碳酸钙（CaCO3）三元复合材料,考察了CaCO3表面改性及改性剂含量对复合材料拉伸与冲击力学性能的影响。结果表明,填充CaCO3会降低复合材料拉伸屈服强度与冲击韧性。对微米CaCO3进行表面改性,可有效限...     

魔芋葡甘聚糖协同碳酸钙增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备

目的 拟在利用天然可降解高分子替代部分聚丙烯(PP)制备一种新型复合材料。方法 采用聚丙烯作为复合材料的基质,向基质中加入魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)、碳酸钙(CaCO3),并按照一定比例通过桌面挤出机混溶挤出制粒,再将半成品颗粒利用注塑机注塑成型制备成PP/KGM/CaCO3复合材料,同时探究KGM、CaCO3对PP/KGM/CaCO3复合材料的冲击性能和拉伸性能的影响。结果通过单因素实验可知,当KGM体积分数为10%、CaCO3体积分数为5%时,PP/KGM/CaCO3复合材料的力学性能最优。结论 该复合材料相互融合程度较好,抗冲击和伸强度较高,安全系数较好,可应用于食品包装和生活用品行业领域。本研究可为KGM的资源化利用提供一定的参考依据。     

原位固相接枝改性EPDM/PP/CaCO3复合材料相结构与性能的关系

以丙烯酸(AA)为纽带,将聚丙烯蜡(PPW)原位固相接枝在碳酸钙(CaCO3)表面,将得到的改性CaCO3与聚丙烯(PP)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)通过2种不同的加工混合工艺制备了PP/EPDM/CaCO3三元复合材料。研究了改性CaCO3的表面性能,并通过热力学、动力学参数预测了复合材料中可能形成的分散形态,以阐明复合材料宏观性能与微观形态的关系。结果表明,改性CaCO3表面极性降低,与PP、EPDM的相容性变好,界面张力明显降低;从热力学因素考虑,改性CaCO3更容易分散在PP相中,和EPDM形成单独分散结构;动力学因素表明,将改性CaCO3先与EPDM复合再与PP复合的"两步法"工艺可以减缓CaCO3从EPDM中迁出而有利于形成以CaCO3为核、EPDM为壳的核-壳结构,这一结果通过电镜得到证实;核-壳结构使复合材料的各项力学性能均得到提高,尤其是在复合材料韧性方面,并且随着核-壳结构的增加,复合材料的韧性也随之增加,但这种核-壳结构不利于提高复合材料的熔体流动速率。     

CaCO3/PP复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂对CaCO3粒子进行表面处理,通过双辊熔融共混和硫化压机压片技术制备了CaCO3/PP复合材料;测试了其拉伸强度、冲击强度和硬度,探讨了偶联剂用量和CaCO3添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响.研究表明,添加CaCO3粒子能有效提高PP材料的力学性能,且经偶联剂表面处理后的CaCO3粒子对改善PP的力学性能效果更佳,当采用2%钛酸酯偶联剂表面处理后的CaCO3粒子添加量为4%时,CaCO3/PP复合材料综合力学性能最好.     

超细CaCO3/SBS复合材料的制备及性能研究

利用硅烷偶联剂对超细CaCO3进行表面改性,通过直接共混的方法制备了超细CaCO3/SBS复合材料。研究了复合材料的拉伸性能、硬度、耐热性的变化,并采用扫描电镜分析了复合材料拉伸断面的微观结构变化。结果表明,表面处理后超细CaCO3在SBS体系中能形成网状结构,材料的拉伸性能、硬度及耐热性能提高。当Ca-CO3含量为10%时能获得拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及耐热性能优异的复合材料。     

母料制备纳米CaCO3/PP复合材料的结晶性能

本文用溶液法制备的不同单体改性PP包覆纳米CaCO3母料制备纳米CaCO3/PP复合材料,用DSC和POM研究了复合材料中PP的结晶与熔融行为及结晶形态.研究结果表明改性复合材料中PP的结晶温度与单体类型和用量有关.单体的极性增加,异相成核作用越强.除马来酸酐外,反应单体改性对PP熔融温度影响不大,但峰形不同.丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、马来酸酐和苯乙烯改性更有利于形成β晶,β晶熔融峰的强度与单体类型有关;但丙烯酸改性无β晶形成.改性复合材料的球晶明显变小.     

纳米碳酸钙浸渍改性工艺对竹塑复合材料拉伸性能的影响

为探寻竹纤维表面改性技术应用于植物纤维增强热塑性聚合物复合材料中的理论依据,用硫酸盐法制取竹纤维,以聚丙烯(PP)为基体,竹纤维为增强相,采用平压成型工艺制备竹纤维/PP复合材料,探索了纳米碳酸钙(CaCO_3)浸渍改性工艺对复合材料拉伸性能的影响,并利用场发射环境扫描电镜、力学测试机对其断口形貌和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:在温度25℃,搅拌速度500r/min的条件下,当纳米CaCO_3添加量为1.00×10-2 g/mL,分散剂EDTA-2Na添加量为8.50×10-4 g/mL,浸渍混合时间为25min时,竹纤维/PP复合材料的拉伸性能较优。     

超细CaCO3改性SBS材料的力学及耐老化性能研究

利用硅烷偶联剂对超细CaCO3进行改性,通过直接共混的方法制备了超细CaCO3/SBS复合材料,采用多种技术手段研究了复合材料的力学性能、加工性能及耐老化性能变化。结果表明,改性后超细CaCO3在SBS体系中能形成网状结构,材料的拉伸性能、硬度及耐老化性能提高。当超细CaCO3含量为25%时,能获得综合性能优异的超细Ca-CO3/SBS复合材料。     

电气石/PP复合材料的制备及性能研究

用钛酸酯对电气石进行改性,得到疏水性电气石粉体;将改性后的电气石粉体与聚丙烯(PP)按一定比例混合,在挤出机上挤出造粒,在注塑机上注塑成型制备出电气石/PP复合材料。力学性能测试表明:复合材料的拉伸性能、冲击性能都有一定程度的提高;当电气石含量为3%时(wt,质量分数),复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度分别提高了15.38%和11.79%。电气石/PP复合材料同时具有释放负离子的功能,随着改性电气石含量的增加,复合材料负离子释放量不断增加。     

纳米CaCO3改性聚丙烯性能与结构研究

本文利用双螺杆共混方法制备纳米CaCO3改性聚丙烯（PP），通过一步法、两步法两种共混工艺，研究了PP/纳米CaCO3复合材料的力学性能，采用TEM、XRD、DSC对分散情况、β-PP晶相的生成情况等进行了研究。结果表明，两步法制备PP/纳米CaCO3复合材料优于一步法；纳米CaCO3的加入，提高了PP的韧性，使PP成型收缩率增大。并对纳米CaCO3增韧PP和纳米CaCO3的加入使得PP收缩率增大的机理进行了探讨。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。