扁桃体周脓肿感染途径的探讨

为探讨扁桃体周脓肿的真正发病机理，感染途径，对连续诊治的１３１例扁周脓肿患者进行研究。其中８３例患侧的扁桃体被切除，切除之扁桃体外侧面均平整。通过８３例组织学观察，扁桃体上极表面既无扁桃溃破亦无脓瘘，邻接扁桃体上方之软腭粘膜下发现有感染及／或纤维化的小唾液腺，这些与扁桃体相邻的腺体在其他非扁周脓肿患者则显示正常形态与结构。从而认为扁桃体周围的化脓性感染可能与Ｗｅｂｅｒ腺有关，而非急性扁桃体炎，主张     

扁桃体周围脓肿的治疗和病理观察

本文分析１５３例扁桃体周围脓肿的临床治疗过程,治疗方法包括广谱抗生素,反复针穿刺排脓及桃体摘除术。１５３例中经穿刺排脓治愈者７９例（５１．６％）;最后行扁桃体摘除术者７２例（４７．１％）。对５６例扁桃体周围脓肿的扁桃体进行病理观察,发现扁桃体周转脓肿的扁桃体中Ｗｅｂｅｒ’ｓ腺普遍呈萎缩表现,提示扁桃体周围脓肿发病机理可能与Ｗｅｂｅｒ’ｓ腺感染有一定关系。     

扁桃体周围脓肿的治疗和病理观察

本文分析 153例扁桃体周围脓肿的临床治疗过程 ,治疗方法包括广谱抗生素 ,反复针穿刺排脓及扁桃体摘除术。 153例中经穿刺排脓治愈者 79例 (51.6 % ) ;最后行扁桃体摘除术者 72例(4 7.1% )。对 56例扁桃体周围脓肿的扁桃体进行病理观察 ,发现扁桃体周围脓肿的扁桃体中 Weber's腺普遍呈萎缩表现 ,提示扁桃体周围脓肿发病机理可能与 Weber's腺感染有一定关系。     

扁桃体周脓肿患者脓肿期手术切除扁桃体的临床观察

扁桃体周脓肿是扁桃体周围间隙内的化脓性炎症,早期发生蜂窝织炎,继之形成脓肿,是耳鼻咽喉科常见急症之一。对其保守治疗常有部分复发,目前主张手术治疗。本文回顾我科2002-2009年收治的120例扁桃体周脓肿患者,采用脓肿期手术、择期手术切除扁桃体,对其疗效分析如下。     

扁桃体周围脓肿

扁周脓肿是一常见的疾病，本文就其病因、病理、诊断、治疗和并发症方面的进展进行综述。扁周脓肿是扁桃体周围间隙的一种化脓性     

扁桃体周炎和扁桃体周脓肿43例报告

扁桃体周炎和扁桃体周脓肿为腭扁桃体炎常见的并发症之一，临床上并不少见。现将我科近几年间记录较为完整的43例报告如下，并对处理中的几个问题进行讨论。1临床资料本组共43例，其中男28例，女15例；年龄17～74岁，其中21～40岁占83．72％（36例）。左侧19例，右侧24例。43例中有23例既往无明确的咽病史。全部病例系首次发病，其中31例穿刺有脓液抽出，诊断为扁桃体周脓肿；12例穿刺阴性，诊断为扁桃体周炎。31例扁桃体周脓肿中29例切开引流，2例穿刺抽脓。选用青霉素或红霉素加灭滴灵治疗，扁桃体周炎患者加用激素。其中20倒在治疗后经3…     

扁桃体周围脓肿期手术切除扁桃体的探讨

目的探讨扁桃体周围脓肿(peritonsillar abscess,PTA)手术切除扁桃体的最佳时机。方法回顾分析326例PTA患者,其中脓肿期手术组1 67例,择期手术组159例,对两种治疗方法进行比较。结果脓肿期手术组术中单侧平均出血量(10±2.3)ml、术后出血发生率3.0%、平均手术时间(10±1.2)分钟、平均住院日(8±1.1)天;择期手术组术中单侧平均出血量(21±2.1)ml、术后出血发生率6.9%、平均手术时间(20±1.5)分钟、平均住院日(16±1.3)天,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组术后感染、扁桃体残留和治愈率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论患者在一般情况好、排除手术禁忌、脓肿切开排脓3～4天内,手术切除扁桃体较择期手术具有明显优越性。     

急性期扁桃体切除治疗扁桃体周围脓肿致颈深间隙感染的诊治

目的 探讨扁桃体周围脓肿致颈深间隙感染的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性分析6例扁桃体周围脓肿致颈深间隙感染患者的临床特征、影像学检查、治疗措施和预后情况。结果 6例患者均为男性,均行颈部CT平扫,示扁桃体周围软组织肿胀,间隙消失,其中2例颈深间隙出现积气征。白细胞（WBC）计数、C反应蛋白（CRP）及降钙素原（PCT）等感染指标均明显增高。6例患者均行低温等离子患侧扁桃体切除术,其中2例因喉梗阻行气管切开术;1例脓肿扩散至上纵隔,加行颈侧切开引流术。6例患者均治愈出院。结论 扁桃体周围脓肿致颈深间隙感染,病情危重。颈部CT是首选的辅助检查,结合WBC计数、CRP和PCT等动态变化,可指导治疗。对于切开引流治疗效果欠佳,或者合并糖尿病控糖效果不佳的患者,可考虑急性期行患侧扁桃体切除,去除感染病灶尽早暴露脓腔,引流脓液,并联合有效的抗感染治疗是成功的关键。     

扁桃体周围脓肿期行扁桃体摘除术的疗效观察

为观察扁桃体周围脓肿期行扁桃体摘除术的安全性 ,现将我科 1 995～ 1 999年于扁桃体周围脓肿期行扁桃体摘除术 54例的临床资料与同期行常规扁桃体摘除术 50例的资料进行比较分析 ,报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1 　 临床资料扁桃体周围脓肿患者 54例 (脓肿组 ) ,其中男2 9例 ,女 2 5例 ;年龄 1 6～ 52岁。病程 2 d～ 3年。全部为单侧急性感染病例 ,表现为单侧咽痛、发热 ,张口及吞咽受限。检查见患侧咽充血肿胀 ,腭舌弓上部膨隆 ,扁桃体推向内下方。同期慢性扁桃体炎或病灶型扁桃体炎患者 50例 (对照组 ) ,其中男 2 8例 ,女 2 2例 ;年龄 1 3…     

扁桃体周脓肿两种不同治疗方案疗效的对比分析

目的　探讨扁桃体周脓肿最佳治疗方案。方法  回顾性分析2020年1月～2022年1月驻马店市中心医院收治的扁桃体周脓肿患者80例,分为急性期手术组40例：患者脓肿切开引流排脓,3~5 d脓液完全排除后行患侧扁桃体等离子切除术;择期手术组40例：患者脓肿切开引流排脓,待肿胀炎症消退2周后择期行患侧扁桃体等离子切除术,比较两组患者的不同疗效情况。结果　急性期手术组患者较择期手术组在手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量及术后出血发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P 均＜0.05）,术后创面感染率 和全身感染率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论  急性期行扁桃体切除术能缩减住院时间和手术时间,可有效减少术中出血量,降低术后出血率、术后创面感染和全身感染的风险。     

耳廓开放性外伤的治疗方法探析

目的 探讨耳廓开放性外伤的治疗方法。方法 23耳耳廓开放性外伤经彻底清创，肝素生理盐水冲洗伤口后，对位缝合。术后用抗生素抗感染、丹参扩张血管、罂粟碱改善微循环。结果 23耳中2耳失访，18耳完全成活，1耳部分成活，2耳完全坏死。结论 耳廓撕裂伤、断伤、带有皮蒂的耳廓离断伤，由于断端双侧血管丰富，经对位缝合后容易成活。但耳廓完全离断伤由于缺乏血供，经对位缝合后不易成活，可采用去皮血管植入包埋法，带肌蒂皮瓣移植法或尝试显微外科技术施行血管吻合，以提高耳廓完全离断伤的成活率。     

诊治7例鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的体会

目的：提高临床对鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的认识及治疗效果。方法：７例患者按Ｋａｄｉｓｈ分期，Ｂ期２例，Ｃ期５例，单纯放疗３例，术前放疗４例，放射剂量为５０００￣７０００ｃＧｙ。均随访至１９９７年１２月，结果：存活５例，存活时间分别为２０，２２，２３，２９及７６个月；结论：放疗对该肿瘤有效；放疗与化疗结合的方法值得探讨，该瘤病理上可能存在不同的亚型。     

急性化脓性耳廓软骨膜炎手术疗效分析

目的 探讨能够缩短化脓性耳廓软骨膜炎疗程,降低耳廓畸形发生率且具个体化的局部治疗方法.方法 回顾分析1 989年4月～2010年2月我科诊治的25例化脓性耳廓软骨膜炎的临床资料.除进行抗生素治疗外,局部治疗方法包括清创术后重新行耳甲腔成行术;脓腔穿刺置静脉留置针进行持续负压引流;清创后创腔置管引流.结果 自定义疗效评定...     

Effects of time of contact and concentration of caustic agent on generation of injuries

OBJECTIVES: Solid caustic soda (CS) ingestion levels continue high in Brazil. The aggressiveness of a caustic agent depends, among other factors, on its concentration and time of contact with mucosa. However, the interdependence of these factors in the production of caustic lesion in the esophageal mucosa is not known, especially regarding CS as the strongest corrosive agent. We analyze the effects of concentration and time of contact on the aggressiveness of CS to the esophagus of live animals. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: One milliliter of CS at concentrations between 1.83% and 73.33% was applied to rats. The solution was kept in contact with the mucosa for 10 to 120 minutes. Internal and external organ aspects were analyzed and the epithelium, submucosa, muscle layer, and adventitia were analyzed microscopically RESULTS: Epithelial necrosis was observed at all concentrations. Among the necrotic layers, the submucosa was observed starting at the 7.33% concentration, and the muscular layer and adventitia were observed at 14.66% concentration. Damage to the pulmonary parenchyma and trachea occurred at 33.66% after 10 minutes, and perforation of the esophagus was observed only after 120 minutes. After 10 minutes, important corrosive lesions installed in the esophageal layers, expanding in depth and superficial extension. The use of heparin had no effect on the production of lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Ten minutes were sufficient to provoke necrosis, and longer contact increased the area of necrosis. Solution concentration levels were more important in damage production: 1.83% was sufficient for epithelial necrosis, 7.33% caused submucosal necrosis, and 14.66% muscle and adventitia necrosis; 33.66% solutions caused lung and trachea damage after 10 minutes and esophageal perforation after 120 minutes.     

Experimental Analysis of Behavior of Homing Pigeons as a Result of Functional Disorders of their Lagena

Behavioral experiments concerning the homing abilities of pigeons were done by sectioning their lagenal nerves or interfering with the function of the lagena using a magnet. Twenty-one birds were treated in this way and 30 birds from the same loft of racing pigeons were used as controls. The results of homing tests clearly revealed a magnetic influence on the function of the lagena in terms of the navigation ability of pigeons: the treated birds were either lost or significantly delayed while the controls returned within 30 min of release. The lagena of birds is a unique organ and it is concluded that it is a key element in the magnetic sensory system of birds.     

Scales of degree of facial paralysis: analysis of agreement

IntroductionIt has become common to use scales to measure the degree of involvement of facial paralysis in phonoaudiological clinics.ObjectiveTo analyze the inter- and intra-rater agreement of the scales of degree of facial paralysis and to elicit point of view of the appraisers regarding their use.MethodsCross-sectional observational clinical study of the Chevalier and House & Brackmann scales performed by five speech therapists with clinical experience, who analyzed the facial expression of 30 adult subjects with impaired facial movements two times, with a one week interval between evaluations. The kappa analysis was employed.ResultsThere was excellent inter-rater agreement for both scales (kappa > 0.80), and on the Chevalier scale a substantial intra-rater agreement in the first assessment (kappa = 0.792) and an excellent agreement in the second assessment (kappa = 0.928). The House & Brackmann scale showed excellent agreement at both assessments (kappa = 0.850 and 0.857). As for the appraisers’ point of view, one appraiser thought prior training is necessary for the Chevalier scale and, four appraisers felt that training is important for the House & Brackmann scale.ConclusionBoth scales have good inter- and intra-rater agreement and most of the appraisers agree on the ease and relevance of the application of these scales.     

术前使用布地奈德对声带息肉手术疗效的影响

目的 研究术前使用布地奈德雾化吸入治疗对手术疗效的影响。方法 按病程将3个月以内和1年以上患者随机分为两组,一组术前给予布地奈德雾化治疗,一组没有,术后两周复诊。分别于初诊、手术前和复诊时使用嗓音测试仪对病人进行测试并记录参数。结果 病程3个月以内患者术前给予雾化治疗后,其术后声学参数明显改善。结论 病程3个月以内患者术前给予雾化治疗能缩短术后恢复时间。     

A national audit of sinus surgery. Results of the Royal College of Surgeons of England comparative audit of ENT surgery

The results of a national audit of sinus surgery are presented. Forty-six consultant ENT surgeons reported on over 2500 sinus procedures. There has been an exponential rise in the number of surgeons in England and Wales performing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in recent years. Sixty-five per cent of surgeons in our study used the FESS technique and 81% had formal or other training. Outpatient sinus endoscopy and CT scans have become more routine pre-operative investigations, whilst the use of plain films has waned. There was a wide variation in the numbers of FESS procedures performed by individual surgeons in the 6-month period (between 5 and 85). The overall complication rate was 0.75% for conventional surgery and 1.41% for functional surgery but no major complications were recorded. The primary symptom of blockage was most successfully treated by both conventional and functional surgery (70% and 84% asymptomatic or improved at 6 months). Pain was relieved in 75% of functional procedures and 47% of conventional procedures and discharge relieved in 76% of FESS procedures and 47% of conventional procedures.     

慢性鼻窦炎对咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮超微结构的影响

目的探讨慢性鼻窦炎对咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮超微结构的影响,进一步反映对中耳、咽鼓管功能的影响。方法取6例慢性鼻窦炎患者和4例健康人咽鼓管咽口的组织做透射电镜标本,对比观察两类组织黏膜上皮的超微结构。结果①健康人咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,可见亮颗粒分泌细胞,各类细胞可见表面活性物质样板层体。②慢性鼻窦炎咽鼓管咽口可出现部分假复层纤毛柱状上皮脱落,细胞的纤毛、微绒毛倒伏、脱落,胞质泡状系统融合、扩张、溶解,分泌颗粒、杯状细胞增多。细胞间隙增大,有瘢痕,有炎症细胞浸润。表面活性物质样板层体减少、消失。结论正常咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,慢性鼻窦炎可引起咽鼓管咽口上皮、上皮各类细胞的超微结构发生改变,表面活性物质样板层体减少、消失。     

CT对鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤起源的探讨

目的 探讨鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤起源的CT影像学特点。 方法 回顾性分析47例经鼻内镜手术及术后病理组织学确诊的鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤患者的CT影像学资料。对肿瘤病变在CT上的骨质变化进行分析,并与术中发现的肿瘤起源根蒂部位进行对比,分析CT影像中骨质改变与肿瘤起源之间的关系。 结果 47例患者中,39例有骨质增生影像表现,其中37例骨质增生部位与肿瘤起源的根蒂部位一致,一致性达78.7%,提示可根据骨质增生部位推测肿瘤起源位置。 结论 CT影像中的骨质增生与鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的根蒂起源部位有较高的一致性,有助于术前评估肿瘤起源和指导术前制定合理的手术方案。