优化循环冷却水系统提高循环水浓缩倍数

制药单位循环水系统的有效运行是一项较复杂的系统工程.综合分析了石药集团河北中润制药有限公司循环水系统的一次水用量规律,介绍了如何在生产中提高循环水站浓缩倍数、降低一次水用量的系统优化措施,总结了取得的节能效益.     

离心机控制电路改进

对KCWL系列离心机控制电路进行改进,增加了对三通调节阀的控制电路,实现了离心机正常停机或故障停机时控制三通调节阀自动切换到旁通管路的功能。     

TA加氢精制反应器流动状况实验研究

建立反应器冷模实验装置,研究TA加氢精制反应器的流动状况。采用与工业反应器类似的结构,反应器直径为250mm,高度为1000mm。通过脉冲法测定冷模反应器的平均停留时间分布,冷模反应器的流型与进料流量有关,进料流量越大,反应器的流型越接近平推流。计算表明,正常负荷的工业TA加氢精制反应器的流型是平推流。通过测定反应器床层压降,得到修正摩擦系数与Re_m的关联式,并据此计算出工业TA加氢精制反应器的床层压降约为18．51kPa。     

Kinetics of the decomposition of perpropionic acid

The decomposition of perpropionic acid, in the presence of manganese propionate catalyst is studied by the capacity-flow method. The reaction is found to be second order with respect to peracid concentration and first order with respect to catalyst concentration. The activation energy is 10.2 kcal/mol. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed along with the possible modes of by-product formation.     

Influence of Rheological Behavior of Ceramic Mixes on Injection Molding of Ceramic Compacts

The relation between the shear stress and viscosity of ceramic injection-molding mixes and the dynamic and static losses of pressure in the cavity during injection molding is studied. The temperature distribution in the cavity is calculated. The relation between shear stress τ and shear rate γ is expressed by the equation     . The change of pressure in the cavity is consistent with the change in temperature distribution. The density of the injection-molded bodies is not affected by the injection pressure under usual injectionmolding conditions.     

A Method of Estimating the Strength of Adhesive Bonded Joints of Metals

The strength of adhesive bonded joints is investigated both analytically and experimentally. The deformed states of lap joints under tensile shear loading are analysed by the finite element method on the assumption of elastic deformation. A method of using the adhesive strength law is proposed to estimate the joint strength. The adhesive strength law is experimentally determined by subjecting butt joints of two thin-walled tubes to combined axial load and torsion. The strength of lap joints is determined by adopting the adhesive strength law to the adhering interface as well as the strength law of adherend and adhesive resin. The calculated strain distribution and strength of the joints are compared with the experimental results. The effects of the joint configurations on the deformation and strength are discussed. It is shown that the proposed method is useful to predict the joint strength.     

A Method of Estimating the Strength of Adhesive Bonded Joints of Metals

The strength of adhesive bonded joints is investigated both analytically and experimentally. The deformed states of lap joints under tensile shear loading are analysed by the finite element method on the assumption of elastic deformation. A method of using the adhesive strength law is proposed to estimate the joint strength. The adhesive strength law is experimentally determined by subjecting butt joints of two thin-walled tubes to combined axial load and torsion. The strength of lap joints is determined by adopting the adhesive strength law to the adhering interface as well as the strength law of adherend and adhesive resin. The calculated strain distribution and strength of the joints are compared with the experimental results. The effects of the joint configurations on the deformation and strength are discussed. It is shown that the proposed method is useful to predict the joint strength.     

采用气相色谱法测定失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯

本文将失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯水解为山梨醇酐和脂肪酸，将脂肪酸甲酯化后，采用气相色谱法测定各种脂肪酸的相对百分含量，由此计算失水山梨醇单脂肪酸酯的百分含量。测定方法简便易行，测定结果准确。     

甲基对苯二酚合成工艺的改进

针对甲基对苯二酚合成工艺路线较长、加水量较大、能耗较高、不易操作等问题进行了进一步研究。根据反应物系中各组分物性特点，通过正交设计和平行实验使加水量减少为原工艺的1／2，并省去了减压蒸馏和萃取工序，使生产周期缩短为原工艺路线的1／3，大大降低了能耗，简化了操作，显著降低了生产成本，更易于工业化实施。     

一体式膜生物反应器去除废水中氨氮的试验研究

相对于传统普通活性污泥法,膜生物反应器由于膜的截留作用,实现污泥龄和水力停留时间的彻底分离.保留在反应器内的大分子难降解物质和微生物代谢产物将对NH3-N的去除产生一定的影响.对一体式膜生物反应器在去除氨氮的试验过程进行了深层次的分析和研究.试验过程中生物反应器的运行方式采用缺氧一好氧工艺运行,运行周期为24 h,其中缺氧进水4 h,曝气反应15 h,膜排水3 h,闲置2 h.研究结果表明,该装置除氮效果良好,除氮效果在90 %以上.同时,硝化效果受营养物质、温度、pH的影响.     

一种UHP高性能轮胎的设计

本文介绍了215/35R1884W规格高性能轮胎的设计。外轮廓方面,轮胎的设计外直径598 mm,充气断面宽230 mm,轮胎的行驶面宽183 mm,设计行驶面弧高度8.0 mm,胎圈着合直径取值455 mm,轮胎的胎圈着合宽度207.8 mm,轮胎的断面水平轴位置取值1.600;轮胎的胎面花纹设计分为长型花纹(M型、L型)与短型花纹(S型),3种花纹为交替变节距呈现,花纹深度7.5 mm,花纹饱和度69.21%。轮胎的施工设计方面:胎面挤出部件位全分层设计,可更好的区分胶种,功能性更强,胎侧挤出部件为双复合设计,冠带层的1#、2#带束层材料使用3×0.30HT钢丝帘线,胎圈部位的钢丝圈为斜六角形结构,更好的保证了成品断面钢丝圈部位,切割后呈近圆形。胎胚的成型使用的设备是萨驰一次法成型机,胎胚的硫化使用的设备是韩国东和液压硫化机,硫化工艺为氮气硫化。生产的成品轮胎的外缘尺寸、强度性能和耐久性能等均满足国家标准要求。     

浅析停留时间对环己烷氧化装置分解工艺的影响

环己基过氧化氢分解反应是环己烷氧化工序的关键,其反应收率直接影响环己烷的消耗。本文着重介绍了影响分解反应的主要因素,并有针对性地进行工艺优化和创新,总结了停留时间对分解收率的影响,提高了醇酮选择性、降低了环己烷消耗。     

水中矿化度对复合吸水材料吸水膨胀的影响

以吸水倍率为指标,研究了水中矿化度对具有互传网络结构的复合吸水材料吸水膨胀的影响。结果表明,在研究范围内,水中矿化度越高,外界电解质溶液中可动离子的浓度增加,材料内部与水体中离子浓度差降低,作为吸水膨胀动力的渗透压减弱,吸水倍率下降;阳离子对材料吸水膨胀的影响显著,碱土金属离子(二价)可以与吸水聚合物网络上的阴离子反应,因此对吸水膨胀的影响远大于碱金属离子(一价),同族阳离子对吸水膨胀的影响相差不大;同族阴离子对吸水膨胀的抑制作用相当,二价阴离子由于电离等因素,对复合吸水材料吸水膨胀的影响存在差异。     

汽车玻璃弯曲成形中回弹的数值模拟

介绍了汽车玻璃落模弯曲成形中回弹的机制,建立了有限元模型。利用显式动力算法和隐式静力算法分别对汽车玻璃的落模弯曲和回弹变形进行了数值模拟,采用细分网格保证模拟精度,研究了模具环弯曲半径、玻璃落模高度和加热温度等工艺参数对弯曲回弹的影响,为实际生产提供参考依据。     

Reliable computation of binary homogeneous azeotropes of multi-component mixtures at higher pressures through equation of states

A method to compute binary homogeneous azeotropes in multi-component mixtures at elevated pressures through the equation of state approach is developed. The method is capable of predicting the homogeneous azeotropes and is in close agreement with experimental data. At higher pressures, vapor and liquid phase non-idealities are incorporated using vapor and liquid phase fugacity coefficients from Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera equation of state with Wong-Sandler mixing rules. The method is also capable of predicting the exact value of bifurcation pressure where homogeneous azeotropes may appear or disappear. The method can predict the azeotropes at elevated pressures and is independent of equation of state and mixing rules. The method is also capable of predicting the double azeotropy in binary mixtures. The method is tested with Ethanol-Water, Isopropanol-Water, Carbon dioxide-Ethane-Ethylene and Ammonia-R-125 systems. The highly non-linear system of equations is solved by homotopy continuation approach.     

蓖麻油下脚料分离制取脂肪酸

蓖麻油下脚料经酸化水洗，减压蒸馏等工序分离制取脂肪酸。下脚料分离所得的产品脂肪酸占下脚料总量的５０％以上。此生产方法所需设备和工艺条件较简单，适宜于乡镇企业的生产。     

介绍一种复合式塔顶结构

本文介绍一种复合式塔顶结构：碳素钢作承重结构，不锈钢为封闭围护，特点是节约不锈钢。     

Effect of thickness of liquid layer on instability of absorption

The Marangoni instability in the non-steady-state absorption of a gas by a liquid layer with a finite thickness is considered. The critical time of reaching the unstable convective regime as a function of the physical characteristics of the process and the thickness of the liquid layer is studied. The dependence of the critical Marangoni number on the Lewis number is obtained numerically.     

镍锍试金富集-中子活化分析测定地质样品中的铂族元素

对氧化镍进行提纯，对试金扣的粉化性能进行了研究，用中子活化分析测定了地质样品中的铂族元素，全流程回收率在94％以上。对GBW07290进行了12次全流程测定，铂族元素的RSD为4％～9．8％，对不同的标样进行了测定，测定结果与标准值基本吻合。     

四乙酰基二硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷分子结构研究

四乙酰基二硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADNIW)是合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)的中间体。该文用Gaussian 98软件包,采用密度泛函理论B3LYP和标准基组6-31G对所选构型进行了全优化计算,在结构上对TADNIW的键长、键角、二面角、Mu lliken电荷及集居数进行了理论分析,发现笼形化合物的六元环成船式构象,硝基处于桥头,骨架以亚稳态存在。结构分析表明,六元环上N—NO2键相对较稳定,采用一般的硝解条件反应不能进行,作者提出了新的反应机理,即水解-硝化假设:含有酰胺基团的一类化合物在含水的硝化介质中首先发生水解生成相应的仲胺,碱性较强的仲胺再在氮硝化催化剂的作用下,迅速硝化成硝胺。计算得到TADNIW分子总能量为-1 583.375 682 a.u.,前线轨道能量差ΔE(ELUMO-EHOMO)为4.123 eV。计算IR谱图与实验IR谱图对比,误差小于20 cm-1。