丁基苯酞通过p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路拮抗β淀粉样蛋白致皮质神经元凋亡

目的研究丁基苯酞是否可以通过p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路,抑制β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)_(1 42)致原代培养皮质神经元凋亡。方法将原代培养的皮质神经元随机分为对照组、Aβ_(1-42)干预组(干预组)、Aβ_(1-42)+丁基苯酞0.1μmol/L组(A组)、Aβ_(1-42)+丁基苯酞1μmol/L组(B组)、Aβ_(1 42)+丁基苯酞10μmol/L组(C组)。Aβ_(1-42)作用24 h后,采用免疫荧光法染色观察细胞形态及凋亡比率,Western blot定量检测总p38、p-p38、caspase 3蛋白表达水平。结果免疫荧光双染显示,对照组神经元细胞体边缘光滑,突触长,细胞核完整;干预组细胞边缘塌陷,突触缩短,细胞核碎裂。与对照组比较,干预组、A、B、C组细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.05),干预组p p38和caspase-3蛋白表达明显增加(P相似文献   

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制剂对大鼠骨关节炎软骨细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)抑制剂SB203580对大鼠骨关节炎(OA)软骨细胞凋亡的影响.方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为四组,A、B、C组行单侧膝关节前交叉韧带切除术(ACLT),A组于术后行关节腔内注射0.1 ml的SB203580(100 um/L),B组注射等量生理盐水(实验对照),C组不予任何处理(空白对照组),D组为正常对照组.术后8周处死动物.观察各组标本大体评分、病理组织学改变、软骨细胞凋亡指数.结果 A组病理组织学改变轻于B、C组,各组均发现有软骨细胞凋亡.D组凋亡指数与其他三组比较,P均<0.05.A组的凋亡指数低于B、C组(P均<0.05).结论 ACLT可以导致大鼠OA的软骨细胞凋亡增加,关节腔内注射p38MAPK抑制剂能有效抑制其软骨细胞凋亡.     

甘草次酸通过抑制p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路促进脂多糖诱导的小胶质细胞M2极化

目的 探究甘草次酸(GA)通过抑制p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)信号通路促进脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小胶质细胞M2极化。方法 将小鼠BV2小胶质细胞分为阴性对照(NC)组、LPS组(100μg/ml LPS)、GA组(100μg/ml LPS+10μmol/L GA)、GA+抑制剂组(100μg/ml LPS+10μmol/L GA+10μmol/ml p38 MAPK通路抑制剂)、抑制剂组(100μg/ml LPS+10μmol/ml p38 MAPK通路抑制剂)和GA+激活剂组(100μg/ml LPS+10μmol/L GA+300 ng/ml p38 MAPK通路激活剂)。用细胞计数试剂盒8法测定细胞活力,酶联免疫吸附测定炎性因子水平,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,Western blot检测精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)及p38 MAPK通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果 与LPS组比较,GA组和抑制剂组细胞足突增多、胞体变大、细胞间隔缩小,白细胞介素(IL)1β、IL-6、iNOS、P53蛋白、磷酸化p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)表达显著降...     

吡格列酮对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶表达的影响

目的观察临床用于降糖治疗的噻唑烷二酮类药物吡格列酮对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用及对p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶表达的影响。方法将24只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、吡格列酮10mg/(kg·d)组(P组)、吡格列酮10mg/(kg·d)+过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)特异性阻断剂GW9662组(P+G组),每组6只;利用结扎左前降支的方法建立缺血再灌注损伤模型,脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口原位末端标记法检测心肌细胞凋亡,Western blot方法检测心肌组织磷酸化p38(p-p38)蛋白的变化。结果与I/R组比较,Sham组、P组心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI)显著降低[(8.6±4.3)%、(21.4±8.8)%vs(40.1±12.3)%,P0.05];P+G组心肌细胞AI显著高于P组[(37.0±10.5)%vs(21.4±8.8)%,P0.05]。与I/R组比较,Sham组、P组p-p38蛋白表达下调,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与P组比较,P+G组p-p38蛋白表达上调,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论吡格列酮抑制缺血再灌注损伤诱导的心肌细胞凋亡,可能与下调p-p38表达有关,这2种作用是由PPARγ介导的。     

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路及其在细胞凋亡中的作用

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)是细胞内的一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,存在于真核生物的大多数细胞内。从酵母到人类该信号通路非常保守,它能响应各种胞外和胞内刺激从而被激活,在多种细胞过程中发     

活化蛋白C对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）继发严重并发症起早期关键介导作用，相应抑制剂可改善SAP的病情。活化蛋白C（APC）具有改善SAP病情的作用，其具体机制尚未阐明。目的：观察APC对SAP大鼠MAPK信号通路中主要激酶的影响以及后续炎症介质的变化，为临床用药提供理论依据。方法：Sprague．DawleY大鼠诱导SAP模型后即刻静脉注射APC10μg/kg或50μg/kg。以基因芯片检测胰腺组织MAPK信号通路相关基因。以实时定量聚合酶链反应（real-timePCR）和蛋白质印迹法检测胰腺组织该通路中p38MAPK、c-Jun氨基端激酶/应激活化蛋白激酶（JNK/SAPK）、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）1/2mRNA、蛋白和磷酸化蛋白水平的表达，同时检测肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和白细胞介素（IL）-1β蛋白的表达。结果：与APC治疗组和正常对照组相比，SAP组胰腺组织p38MAPK和JNK2mRNA呈高表达。与SAP组相比，50Ixg/kgAPC治疗组p38MAPK、JNK/SAPK蛋白/磷酸化蛋白表达水平显著降低，ERK1/2蛋白/磷酸化蛋白表达水平显著升高，TNF-α和蛋白表达水平显著降低（P均〈0．05）。APC治疗组p38MAPK、磷酸化ERK1/2和TNF-α蛋白表达水平呈剂量依赖性（P均〈0．05）。结论：APC可抑制SAP大鼠胰腺组织MAPK信号通路内p38MAPK和JNK/SAPK的表达和活化，进而抑制TNF-α和IL-1β的释放，同时上调ERK1/2的表达和活化．从而减轻胰腺组织损伤。     

细胞内丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路与脑缺血后神经元凋亡

脑缺血可导致梗死核心区细胞坏死和缺血半暗带细胞凋亡。脑缺血后,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen－activated protein kinases, MAPKs）信号通路被激活,引起程序性细胞死亡,包括细胞凋亡。文章就M APKs信号家族与脑缺血后神经元凋亡的关系进行了综述。     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在不可分型流感嗜血杆菌致人单核细胞炎症反应中的作用

目的 通过不可分型流感嗜血杆菌(NTHi)与单核细胞相互作用,研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号传导通路在NTHi致人体免疫细胞炎症反应中的作用.方法 NTHi为临床分离株,经血清学方法和16S rRNA测序证实.外周血单核细胞来自健康成年人静脉血,分为4组:培养基组、NTHi刺激组、SB203580(p38 MAPK抑制剂)干预组和UO126(p44/42 MAPK抑制剂)干预组.NTHi与单核细胞共培养1 h、4 h后收集细胞,用Western blot法检测p38、p44/42 MAPK的磷酸化程度;16 h后用流式细胞仪检测细胞表面Toll样受体(TLR)4的表达.预先用SB203580或UO126与单核细胞共孵育1 h,然后加入NTHi(感染复数为200),分别在4 h、16 h后收集上清,用酶联免疫吸附法检测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平.采用SPSS11.5统计软件,组间比较用t检验,单核细胞TNF-α的表达用单因素方差分析,组间比较用LSD检验.结果 NTHi可迅速诱导p38、p44/42 MAPK通路的磷酸化,并至少持续到刺激后4 h.与培养基组比较,NTHi刺激16 h后单核细胞表面TLR4的表达明显增加(11.8±1.6,4.8±0.6),差异具有统计学意义(t=4.08,P<0.05).NTHi刺激4 h和16 h后上清液中的TNF-α(16.4±5.3,30.2±10.7)较培养基组(0.6±0.6,1.4±1.1)显著增加,差异具有统计学意义(4 h时I-J值为15.78,16 h时I-J值为28.82,P均<0.01).与细菌组比较,SB203580干预组单核细胞TNF-α水平显著降低(4 h时I-J值为11.26,16 h时I-J值为21.32,P均<0.05),而UO126干预组TNF-α水平无明显变化(4 h时I-J值为6.32,16 h时I-J值为12.57,P均>0.05).结论 TLR4可能参与了NTHi诱导的单核细胞反应,p38 MAPK是该反应的关键信号分子.     

帕金森病与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的相关性及中医药干预作用

帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性多系统神经退行性疾病,其中黑质多巴胺能神经元丧失是其重要的病理改变。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路能调节细胞的生长、分化、凋亡、炎症等多种生理病理过程,近年来其已成为PD机制研究的热点。本文主要综述了PD与MAPK亚家族[p38 MAPK、c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）和细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）]的相关性及中医药干预作用,以期为PD的诊疗提供新的思路。     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠低钙血症的影响

目的 探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)信号转导通路对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠低钙血症和甲状旁腺激素受体1(PTHR1)表达的影响.方法 将雄性SD大鼠72只按完全随机法分为ANP组、SB203580干预(SB)组和假手术(SO)组,每组分3、6、12 h 3个时间点,每个时间点8只.以5%牛磺脱氧胆酸钠逆行胰胆管注射建立ANP模型,SB组在造模前30 min腹腔注射p38MAPK特异抑制剂SB203580 10 mg/kg体重.观察各组血清钙浓度,蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)分析骨组织磷酸化p38MAPK(P-p38 MAPK)和TNF-α变化,实时RT-PCR检测骨组织PTHR1 mRNA表达.结果 制模后6 h,SO组、ANP组和SB组血清钙浓度分别为(2.50±0.08)mmoL/L、(2.11±0.06)mmol/L和(2.35±0.10)mmol/L;骨组织P-p38 MAPK表达量分别为0.14±0.04、0.80±0.06和0.33±0.05;骨组织TNF-α表达量分别为0、0.91±0.04和0.44±0.03;骨组织PTHR1 mRNA表达量分别为1.00±0.12、0.23±0.04和0.44±0.06.SB组骨组织P-p38 MAPK及TNF-α表达较ANP组显著降低(P＜0.01);骨组织PTHR1 mRNA表达量及血清钙浓度较ANP组显著增加(P＜0.01).结论 p38MAPK信号转导通路可介导ANP低钙血症的发生,抑制该通路可改善ANP低钙血症.     

软脂酸通过上调还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶表达促进血管内皮细胞凋亡

目的探讨软脂酸(PA)诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡中还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶的作用。方法人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)贴壁培养后分为对照组;PA(200、400、800μmol/L)浓度组(分别为PA200组、PA400组、PA800组);NADPH氧化酶抑制剂apocynin(50、100、200 mol/L)干预组(分别为apo50+PA400组、apo100+PA400组、apo200+PA400组)。采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;提取细胞蛋白,采用Westernblot技术检测NADPH氧化酶亚基p47phox蛋白表达的水平。倒置共聚焦荧光显微镜检测活性氧的产生。结果 PA呈浓度依赖性诱导HUVEC凋亡;与对照组比较,PA400、PA800组HUVEC凋亡率明显升高,P47phox蛋白表达明显增强(P<0.05),PA400组活性氧产生明显升高(P<0.05);与PA400组比较,apo100+PA400组、apo200+PA400组HUVEC凋亡率明显降低,p47phox蛋白表达明显减弱,活性氧产生明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 PA呈浓度依赖性诱导HUVEC凋亡,apocynin能部分抑制PA的上述作用,其机制与下调NADPH氧化酶亚基p47phox蛋白表达及活性氧产生有关。     

在Fas诱导Bel-7402细胞凋亡中p38MAPK调节Bcl-2的表达

目的:探讨p38MPAK是否参与Fas和AD诱导Bel-7402细胞的凋亡过程,以及p38MPAK和bcl-2的关系,进一步揭示p38MAPK的凋亡途径.方法:在Fas和AD作用24h后,用MTT法检测Bel-7402细胞的活力,用Western-blot和RT- PCR法检测p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK和Bcl-2 expression,用免疫荧光法对p-p38MAPK进行细胞定位.结果:随着Fas浓度的增加,Bel-7402细胞的活力明显抑制,p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK表达明显增高(P<0.01),且p-p38MAPK由胞质易位到胞核.Bcl-2的表达明显降低(P<0.01),并且这种降低趋势被p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580所阻止.结论:p38MAPK参与Fas诱导的凋亡途径,以磷酸化形式激活后抑制Bcl一2的表达,进而促进细胞凋亡.     

阻断p38信号转导通路对血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究老年大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）增殖和凋亡与p38信号转导通路的关系,明确以p38为靶向的信号转导在VSMCs中的分子调控机制。方法: 将p38特异性抑制剂SB203580(25 μmol/L)作用于大鼠VSMCs,运用MTT比色法检测细胞增殖状态,流式细胞术检测SB203580对细胞凋亡的影响,Western blot法检测药物作用前后p38通路相关蛋白p38α、MKK3、GADD153和c-myc的表达及相关蛋白磷酸化活性。结果: SB203580可以时间、剂量依赖的方式抑制VSMCs增殖促进其凋亡。加入SB203580的VSMCs中p-p38α、GADD153和c-myc表达的水平,随作用时间的延长而下降（P<0.01）。结论: 阻断p38信号转导通路可能通过下调其下游靶基因GADD153和C-myc的表达,抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖,促进其凋亡。     

Cardiac expression and subcellular localization of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase member, stress-activated protein kinase-3 (SAPK3)

Despite the interest in the roles that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play in the heart, the role of the different MAPK isoforms has been relatively poorly defined. A third isoform of p38 MAPK, known variously as stress-activated protein kinase-3 (SAPK3), p38- gamma or ERK6, has been previously shown to differ from p38- alpha/ beta both in its molecular weight and its lack of inhibition by the compound SB203580. We have generated monoclonal antibodies with specificity for SAPK3 demonstrated by immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence studies, and cloning of SAPK3 from a rat heart cDNA expression library. By immunoblotting, we confirmed high expression of SAPK3 in fast, slow and mixed fibre types of murine skeletal muscle and observed significant expression restricted to heart, lung, thymus and testes. In addition to expression in normal heart (human, mouse, rat, dog and pig), we observed constant expression in diseased human heart, as well as control and hypertrophic cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Immunolocalization in cultured cardiac myocytes followed by confocal microscopy showed punctate, non-nuclear SAPK3 staining. In contrast, p38- alpha/ beta staining was non-punctate and distributed throughout the cytosol and nucleus. Whereas treatment with Leptomycin B to prevent nuclear export processes promoted higher levels of p38- alpha/ beta staining in cardiac myocyte nuclei, there was no apparent change in SAPK3 localization under these conditions. These differences between p38- alpha/ beta and SAPK3 probably reflect the specialized functions of SAPK3 and emphasize the need to evaluate SAPK3 upstream activators and downstream targets in the heart.     

溶血磷脂酸受体3介导溶血磷脂酸诱导的血管平滑肌细胞表型转化

目的探讨溶血磷脂酸(LPA)受体在LPA诱导的血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)表型转化中的作用及相关信号传导通路。方法培养SD大鼠分化表型VSMC,培养液加胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)为IGF-1组,加溶剂载体为空白组,以不同浓度水平LPA(0.1～10μmol/L)刺激,依次为LPA 0.1组、LPA 1组和LPA 10组,并在LPA(1μmol/L)条件下,以LPA受体1,3拮抗剂二辛烷甘油焦磷酸盐(DGPP 8:0)为DGPP 1组,RT-PCR法检测平滑肌肌动蛋白α(SMA-α)和骨桥蛋白mRNA表达,Western blot法检测p38分裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK),细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)及其磷酸化蛋白水平。结果与空白组和IGF-1组比较,LPA 0.1组、LPA 1组和LPA 10组呈剂量依赖促进骨桥蛋白mRNA表达上升,SMA-αmR NA表达下降(P<0.01);与空白组比较,LPA 1组p38MAPK和ERK激活(P<0.01),DGPP 1组p38MAPK和ERK无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论与Gq蛋白偶联的LPA受体3介导了LPA诱导的VSMC表型转化,阻滞上述通路有可能成为控制与动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄等血管疾病相关的VSMC表型转化潜在的治疗干预靶点。     

Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase may decrease intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and improve intestinal epithelial barrier function after ischemia- reperfusion injury

AIM: To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in rat small intestine after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult and the relationship between activation of p38 MAPK and apoptotic cell death of intestine. METHODS: Ninety Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups, namely sham-operated group (C), I/R vehicle group (R) and SB203580 pre-treated group (S). In groups R and S, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was separated and occluded for 45 min, then released for reperfusion for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h. In group C, SMA was separated without occlusion. Plasma D-lactate levels were examined and histological changes were observed under a light microscope. The activity of p38 MAPK was determined by Western immunoblotting and apoptotic cells were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUDP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS: Intestinal ischemia followed by reperfusion activated p38 MAPK, and the maximal level of activation (7.3-fold vs sham-operated group) was reached 30 min after I/R. Treatment with SB 203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, reduced intestinal apoptosis (26.72±3.39% vs62.50±3.08% in I/R vehicle, P<0.01) and decreased plasma D-lactate level (0.78±0.15 mmol/L in I/R vehicle vs0.42±0.17 mmol/L in SB-treated group) and improved post-ischemic intestinal histological damage. CONCLUSION: p38 MAPK plays a crucial role in the signal transduction pathway mediating post-ischemic intestinal apoptosis, and inhibition of p38 MAPK may attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in acquired gemcitabine-resistant human urothelial carcinoma sublines

Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer. A better understanding of how resistance arises and what molecular alterations correlate with resistance is the key to developing novel effective therapeutic strategies. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of gemcitabine (Gem) resistance and provide possible therapeutic options, three Gem-resistant urothelial carcinoma sublines were established (NG0.6, NG0.8, and NG1.0). These cells were cross-resistant to arabinofuranosyl cytidine and cisplatin, but sensitive to 5-fluorouracil. The resistant cells expressed lower values of [hENT1 × dCK/RRM1 × RRM2] mRNA ratio. Two adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette proteins ABCD1 as well as multidrug resistance protein 1 were elevated. Moreover, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 were upregulated, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity were repressed significantly. Administration of p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly reduced the Gem sensitivity in NTUB1 cells, whereas that of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase MAPK inhibitor did not. Furthermore, the Gem-resistant sublines also exhibited higher migration ability. Forced expression of p38 MAPK impaired the cell migration activity and augmented Gem sensitivity in NG1.0 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that complex mechanisms were merged in acquiring Gem resistance and provide information that can be important for developing therapeutic targets for treating Gem-resistant tumors.     

线粒体融合素2突变体对血管平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究大鼠线粒体融合素2(mitofusin 2,Mfn2)基因蛋白激酶A(PKA)磷酸化位点的2种突变体对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)凋亡及其相关的信号通路的影响。方法构建4种重组腺病毒,分别携带磷酸化位点突变为丙氨酸(重组1组)、Mfn2基因(重组2组)、突变为天冬酰胺(重组3组)和半乳糖苷酶基因(对照组),感染培养的VSMCs,另设未感染腺病毒的空白组。流式细胞术比较各组细胞的凋亡率,JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位变化,Western blot分析各组Mfn2蛋白的表达以及磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)和活性半胱天冬酶9(caspase-9)表达。结果与空白组和对照组比较,重组1组、重组2组和重组3组Mfn蛋白显著增加(P0.01);重组1组和重组2组细胞凋亡率显著增强(P0.01);线粒体膜电位显著降低(P0.01);p-Akt表达水平显著降低(P0.01),活性caspase-9表达水平显著增高(P0.01);且重组1组作用较重组2组更明显(P0.01);而重组3组上述指标无显著差异(P0.05)。结论 Mfn2突变为丙氨酸的位点PKA通过Akt信号及线粒体途径诱导VSMCs凋亡的作用较Mfn2更明显,表明PKA磷酸化位点是调控Mfn2诱导VSMCs凋亡的重要功能位点。