国外自行车制造业采用的新材料

自行车问世二百年来,在材料、设计、生产方面一直是墨守成规的。只有到了80年代,由于材料工艺的发展和自行车市场的扩大,一场以材料更新为先导的革命才在自行车制造业中悄然兴起。在自行车的各个零部件中,车架当属首屈一指,因此,车架用材成为近年来自行车厂商议论的热门话题。     

激光隐身材料的研究现状及其发展趋势

在介绍激光隐身的基本原理的基础上,综述了目前国内外各种激光隐身材料的研究进展,较详细地介绍了纳米吸波材料、半导体化合物、光谱转换材料以及近红外线激光防护材料等吸收材料的主要特点和研究现状.在此基础上,介绍了激光与红外、雷达、毫米波的兼容隐身机理和研究现状,对其发展趋势进行了展望,并指出多频谱兼容隐身是未来隐身材料发展的...     

材料阻尼模型综述

介绍了目前主要的几种材料阻尼模型,重点介绍了粘弹性材料阻尼模型.综述了各种模型的特点,适用范围.     

SOFC合金连接体材料的研究进展

对固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)用合金连接体材料的研究进展进行了介绍,分别对镍基、铬基和铁基合金合金连接体材料的研究发展情况给予评述,对每种连接体材料的特点和存在的问题进行了详细的论述,并指明了各种合金连接体材料的今后发展趋势.最后着重指出铁基合金及其表面改性是今后连接体材料发展的主要方向.     

稀土硫氧化物发光材料的制备技术

稀土硫氧化物是一类重要的发光体基质材料,有着广阔的应用前景.主要介绍了国内外制备稀土硫氧化物材料的常用方法,如固相反应法、固-气反应法、醇溶液热合成法和微波辐射法,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了评述.在此基础上,还对处于研究前沿的稀土硫氧化物纳米材料制备技术进行了详细的介绍,并分析了先驱物硫化法和氧化物硫化法各自的特点.最后展望了该类材料制备技术的发展趋势.     

功能梯度材料及其在太阳能电池中的应用

功能梯度材料(Functionally Gradient Materials,FGM)由于其独特的性能及作为一种全新的概念已引起越来越多科学家的重视.本文简要回顾了功能梯度材料的研究发展史,对FGM的各种制备技术进行了总结,并对其在太阳能电池方面的应用进行了重点介绍.     

有机相变储能材料的封装技术及热物性测试方法

有机相变储能材料是一类常用的相变储能材料,其封装形式和热物理性质直接决定其应用领域和应用效果.综述了目前国内外有机相变储能材料的不同封装方式,介绍了各种热物性测试方法,并指出了相变储能材料今后的研究方向.     

微波功率器件及其材料的发展和应用前景

介绍了微波功率器件的发展和前景,对HBT,MESFET和HEMT微波功率器件材料的特点和选取,以及器件的特性和设计做了分类说明.着重介绍了SiGe合金、InPSiC、GaN等新型微波功率器件材料.并对目前各种器件的最新进展和我国微波功率器件的研制现状及与国外的差距做了概述与展望.     

钨酸盐体系功能材料的制备及应用进展

钨酸盐材料是重要的无机功能材料.对钨酸盐材料的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了高温固相法、水热法、溶剂热法、微波水热法、共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、燃烧法、喷雾热解法等多种合成钨酸盐材料的方法,并对各种制备方法的特点进行了归纳和总结.同时,概述了钨酸盐材料在太阳能电池、照明和显示、储氢材料、温度传感器以及光催化材料等领域的应用情...     

三维块体纳米晶材料的制备及应用

综合评述了三维块体纳米晶材料的最新研究进展.概述了三维块体纳米晶材料的常用制备方法及新颖制备技术,并对各种制备方法进行了综合比较,指出其优缺点及已有实际应用的材料体系;介绍了三维块体纳米晶材料的性能表现;展望了三维块体纳米晶材料的未来研究发展方向及其在新领域的应用前景.     

食品抗菌包装材料的研究进展

介绍了食品抗菌包装体系及其抗菌机理,食品包装用抗菌剂及其实现方式,以及抗菌纸、抗菌塑料、抗菌陶瓷、抗菌不锈钢产品等食品抗菌包装材料的研究进展及其在食品包装中的应用。     

Molten salts for rechargeable batteries

The growing demand of advanced electrochemical energy storage devices for various applications, including portable electronic products, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage grids, has triggered extensive research interests and efforts on various rechargeable batteries such as lithium/sodium-ion batteries (LIBs/NIBs), aluminium-ion batteries (AIBs), liquid metal batteries (LMBs), and molten-air batteries (MABs) in the past decades. A key issue to push forward the development of these batteries is the exploration of high-performance electrodes and electrolytes, which calls for efficient and versatile synthetic methods. Molten salts (MSs), liquid-phase ionic compounds or mixtures, provide an effective platform to widen the reaction temperatures and enrich the chemical environments for the synthesis of novel electrode materials and electrolytes. In this review, the general principles of molten salts and recent research progresses on molten salt-based battery materials are surveyed. Molten-salt synthesis of electrode materials, including sintering and electrolysis, are emerging as competitive substitutes for conventional synthesis techniques. These methods have shown their effectiveness and uniqueness in adjusting the crystal structure, morphology, and performance of electrode materials for LIBs/NIBs, as suggested by recent progresses and applications of diverse cathodes (layered oxides, spinel oxides, polyanions, etc.) and anodes (metal oxides, alloys, carbons, etc.). Furthermore, the applications of molten salts as effective electrolytes are demonstrated in representative new-type secondary batteries including AIBs, LMBs and MABs. Finally, the emerging opportunities, challenges, and interesting research trends are envisioned to promote the further development of molten-salt methodology for rechargeable batteries.     

丝素蛋白柔性电子器件材料的研究进展

丝素蛋白材料凭借良好的生物相容性、可控生物降解性、再生形貌多样性等已被制成柔性电子器件在电子领域进行了应用研究.本文首先综述不同溶解方法对蚕丝再生材料制备的影响,同时对丝素蛋白材料的(微球、膜、纤维、凝胶、支架等)制备方法、材料性能进行分析,最后总结了近年来丝素蛋白基柔性电子材料的应用研究进展.尽管已有研究表明可获得各...     

Materials and Structures for Stretchable Energy Storage and Conversion Devices

Stretchable energy storage and conversion devices (ESCDs) are attracting intensive attention due to their promising and potential applications in realistic consumer products, ranging from portable electronics, bio‐integrated devices, space satellites, and electric vehicles to buildings with arbitrarily shaped surfaces. Material synthesis and structural design are core in the development of highly stretchable supercapacitors, batteries, and solar cells for practical applications. This review provides a brief summary of research development on the stretchable ESCDs in the past decade, from structural design strategies to novel materials synthesis. The focuses are on the fundamental insights of mechanical characteristics of materials and structures on the performance of the stretchable ESCDs, as well as challenges for their practical applications. Finally, some of the important directions in the areas of material synthesis and structural design facing the stretchable ESCDs are discussed.     

Reliability Meets Big Data: Opportunities and Challenges

ABSTRACT

Reliability field data such as that obtained from warranty claims and maintenance records have been used traditionally for such purposes as generating predictions for warranty costs and optimizing the cost of system operation and maintenance. In the current (and future) generation of many products, the nature of field reliability data is changing dramatically. In particular, products can be outfitted with sensors that can be used to capture information about how and when and under what environmental and operating conditions products are being used. Today some of that information is being used to monitor system health and interest is building to develop prognostic information systems. There are, however, many other potential applications for using such data. In this article we review some applications where field reliability data are used and explore some of the opportunities to use modern reliability data to provide stronger statistical methods to operate and predict the performance of systems in the field. We also provide some examples of recent technical developments designed to be used in such applications and outline remaining challenges.     

TiNi形状记忆合金及其多孔体

综述了TiNi形状记忆合金的研究开发与应用现状,包括三元TiNiCu、TiNiNb、TiNiHf合金,并介绍了用自蔓高温合成法制备一种新型人造骨科材料——TiNi多孔体的最新研究进展。     

Preparation and characterisation of graphene/ZnS nanocomposites via a surfactant-free method

In this article, we present a surfactant-free method for the preparation of graphene/ZnS nanocomposites. The as-synthesised products were characterised by the X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. It is shown that in the nanocomposites, individual ZnS nanoparticles are well-spread out on the graphene sheets. The good distribution of ZnS nanoparticles on graphene sheets would be promising for practical applications in future nanotechnology.     

Flourishing Bioinspired Antifogging Materials with Superwettability: Progresses and Challenges

Antifogging (AF) structure materials found in nature have great potential for enabling novel and emerging products and technologies to facilitate the daily life of human societies, attracting enormous research interests owing to their potential applications in display devices, traffics, agricultural greenhouse, food packaging, solar products, and other fields. The outstanding performance of biological AF surfaces encourages the rapid development and wide application of new AF materials. In fact, AF properties are inextricably associated with their surface superwettability. Generally, the superwettability of AF materials depends on a combination of their surface geometrical structures and surface chemical compositions. To explore their general design principles, recent progresses in the investigation of bioinspired AF materials are summarized herein. Recent developments of the mechanism, fabrication, and applications of bioinspired AF materials with superwettability are also a focus. This includes information on constructing superwetting AF materials based on designing the topographical structure and regulating the surface chemical composition. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising breakthroughs in this field are also briefly discussed.     

光致变色材料的研究与应用

变色材料在变色眼镜、光学信息存储、光分子开关等方面具有广泛的应用.主要分析了螺吡喃、俘精酸酐、二芳基乙烯以及二氧化钛、卤化银等有机和无机光致变色材料的研究现状及其变色机理,最后介绍了光致变色材料在国防以及信息存储材料等方面的应用前景.     

Proteins and carbon nanotubes: close encounter in water

The interactions between biological substances and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their effect on the nanotubes are of significant importance in this emerging era of nanobiotechnology. Consequently, highly stable dispersions of debundled CNTs in aqueous solution are an important prerequisite for their applications and for the development of nanotube-based molecular electronic and nanobiomedical devices. Here, we report that proteins can work as tools to this end if their primary structure and the pH value of the system are chosen appropriately. Proteins containing a large number of basic residues, for example, histone, are found to be the most promising protein tools for the dispersion of nanotubes. Apart from other interactions, the polarity of the protein seems to play a vital role in obtaining high yields of debundled nanotubes. In addition, an enrichment of metallic nanotubes in the products is observed, which offers a facile approach for separating nanotubes according to their electronic properties in the bulk.