Volatile components from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm

The volatile components of fresh leaves and roots from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., obtained through hydrodistillation, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. This was compared to dichloromethane extracts of both fresh and dried leaf and root material. The monoterpene fraction (69-70%) dominated, while beta-phellandrene (39-45%) was the main component in both the leaf and the root oil. Other components in the leaf oil were beta-myrcene (17%), sabinene (6.2%), Z-beta-ocimene (5.4%) and benzene acetaldehyde (4.1%). In the roots we found Z-beta-ocimene (16.9%) and alpha-pinene (4.6%) as other major components. These principle constituents of both essential oils were also present in the dichloromethane extracts of the fresh and dried leaves and the roots, although in much smaller percentages. Comparing hydrodistillation of fresh plant material with a dichloromethane extract, the latter yielded a considerably lower amount of constituents. In addition, air drying and freeze drying resulted in a significant loss of volatile constituents as compared to fresh material (dichloromethane extract).     

Inhaltsstoffe aus Genipa americana (Rubiaceae): Mannit

Zusammenfassung Eine kristallisierte Verbindung aus dem Methanolextrakt des Holzes von Genipa americana wurde alsd-Mannit identifiziert.

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From the methanol extracts of the dried wood of Genipa americana a crystalline component was isolated and identified asd-mannitol. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A3615112 00027

     

Volatile components of the oleoresin of Abies alba

The composition of the volatile compoents of the oleoresin ofAbies alba Mill, has been studied. In this oleoresin 19 monoterpene compounds have been identified, the main ones of which are - and -pinenes and limonene. Among the 24 sesquitepene compounds identified in the oleoresin, 4 new terpenoids have been found: 10S,11S-himachala-2,3-diene, 10S,11S-himachala-3(12),4-diene, humula-4,9-dien-8-ol, and 4S,5S,10S-selin-6-en-4-ol. For the first time, , , and -himachalenes, 9-epicaryophyllene, intermedeol, and longiborneol have been found in the oleoresins of conifers of the genus Albies. A distinguishing feature of firs of the Albae series is the low content of oxygen-containing monoterpenoids and of sesquiterpenoids of the bisabolane series.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 193–197, March–April, 1988.     

Volatile components of ethanolic extract from broccolini leaves

Broccolini (Brassica oleracea Italica?×?Alboglabra) is a hybrid of broccoli and kai-lan, Chinese broccoli. To date, no study has been reported on the chemical composition of the volatile fractions of this raw material. In this study, the volatile constituents from the ethanolic extract of broccolini leaves were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixteen compounds were identified. The major components include 5-phenyl-undecane (11%), n-hexadecanoic acid (9.34%), octadecanoic acid (6.39%), 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyl-indan (4.0%), 3-(2-phenylethyl)benzonitrile (3.48%) and phytol (3.37%).     

Chronoamperometric determination of paracetamol using an avocado tissue (Persea americana) biosensor

A biosensor based on vaseline/graphite modified with avocado tissue (Persea americana) as the source of polyphenol oxidase was developed and used for the chronoamperometric determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations. This enzyme catalyses the oxidation of paracetamol to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine whose electrochemical reduction back to paracetamol was obtained at a potential of -0.12 V. After addition of paracetamol reference solutions in glass cell and stirring for 60 s for the accumulation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine at the electrode surface under open-circuit conditions, the current response was monitored by 120 s without stirring. The currents obtained at 70 s were proportional to the paracetamol concentration from 1.2x10(-4) to 5.8x10(-3) mol l(-1) (r=0.9927) with a detection limit of 8.8x10(-5) mol l(-1). The recovery of paracetamol from two samples ranged from 97.9 to 100.7% and a relative standard deviation lower than 0.5% for a solution containing 5.0x10(-3) mol l(-1) paracetamol in 0.10 mol l(-1) phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0; n=10) was obtained. The results obtained for paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations using the proposed biosensor and those obtained using a pharmacopoeial procedure are in agreement at the 95% confidence level.     

Anti-lipid peroxidation and induction of apoptosis in the erythroleukaemic cell line K562 by extracts from (Tunisian) Rhamnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae)

Total oligomer flavonoids (TOF) enriched and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts from Rhamnus alaternus induce apoptotic death in human chronic myelogenous leukaemia K562 cell line, as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis, which demonstrates the characteristic ladder patterns of DNA fragmentation and the proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). The effect of R. alaternus extract in reducing oxidative stress was evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation which was monitored by measuring malondialdehyde level in K562 cultured cells. The TOF and EA extracts were found to be effective to protect against lipid peroxidation. Their IC?? values were 196 and 273?μg?mL?1, respectively. These findings suggest that R. alaternus extracts exhibit potential antioxidant and proapoptotic properties.     

上犹八角茴香挥发油化学成份的研究

八角茴香(Illicium verum Hook,f.)系木兰科(Magnoliaceae)八角属常绿乔木,是我国特产的芳香植物。主要分布于广西、广东、贵州、云南等省区。江西北纬26°以南地区从五十年代初开始引种。八角茴香的果实是广泛使用的调味香料,入药则有温中理气、健胃止呕的功效,并有很强的抑菌作用。     

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the seed of Telfairia occidentalis Hook (Cucurbitaceae)

The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide, reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and total antioxidant activities of the methanol extract, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions of the seed of Telfairia occidentalis were evaluated. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The dichloromethane fraction exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant activities. Two pure compounds which were identified by FTIR, H-and 2D NMR and Mass spectroscopy as 9-octadecenoic acid (TOS B) and 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (TOS C) and four oily isolates, TOS A, TOS D, TOS E and TOS F were obtained from the dichloromethane fraction. TOS E had the highest DPPH radical scavening activity comparable to that of ascorbic acid. GC-MS analysis revealed the major compounds in TOS E as 4-(2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylene cyclohexylidene)-2-butanol; 3-(3-hydroxybutyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid disooctyl ester. Thus, the seed of T. occidentalis can be consumed for its antioxidant property.     

Spirowallichiione: a rearranged multiflorane from Euphorbia wallichii Hook F. (Euphorbiaceae)

Euphorbia wallichii of the family Euphorbiaceae yielded a new rearranged pentacyclic triterpene of the multiflorane class which we have named spirowallichiione. The structure of this natural spirocompound was elucidated with the aid of modern spectroscopic techniques, including 2D-NMR.     

Effect of fractional crystallization on composition and thermal characteristics of avocado (Persea americana) butter

Fractionation of plant butters like avocado (Persea americana) may yield useful fat derivatives with distinct physical and functional properties. In this study, avocado butter was sequentially crystallized in acetone at 5 °C (2 h), 0 °C (24 h), and ?20 °C (24 h) until the mother-liquor becomes devoid of any crystal formation. The high-melting stearin isolated at 5 °C and low-melting olein isolated at ?20 °C were compared with the original sample in terms of fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions and thermal profiles. With respect to the original sample, low-melting olein is possessed with higher proportions of diunsaturated and triunsaturated TAG while high-melting stearin is found to become enriched with disaturated and trisaturated TAG molecules. These differences in compositions make the basic physico-chemical parameters as well as the thermal profiles of high-melting stearin and low-melting olein to be distinctly different from those of the original sample.     

Analgesic components of saposhnikovia root (Saposhnikovia divaricata)

By activity-oriented separation using the writhing method in mice, the analgesic components of Saposhnikovia root (Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischkin; Umbelliferae) were identified to be chromones, coumarins, polyacetylenes and 1-acylglycerols. Two new components, divaricatol and (3'S)-hydroxydeltoin, were also isolated. The most potent analgesia was observed in chromones such as divaricatol, ledebouriellol and hamaudol, which inhibited writhing inhibition at an oral dose of 1 mg/kg in mice. Acylglycerols also showed inhibition significantly at a dose of 5 mg/kg. In some pharmacological tests using sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, the compound showed analgesia by the tail pressure and the Randall & Selitto methods, and its writhing inhibition was not reversed by naloxone.     

Simultaneous analysis of glycolipids and phospholids molecular species in avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruit

The molecular species of phospholipids (PLs) and glycolipids (GLs) were simultaneously characterized in the pulp and almond of the avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill) of four varieties by means of high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. In the pulp, the predominant species of monoglycosyldiglycerides (MGD) were m/z 796.6 (oleic/linolenic and linoleic/linoleic acids) and m/z 800.4 (stearic/linoleic and oleic/oleic acids). One of the main diglycosyldiglycerides (DGD) both in the pulp and almond was m/z 958.5 (oleic/linolenic); however, the pulp was also rich of m/z 962.4 (oleic/oleic), whereas in the almond, m/z 934.5 (palmitic/linoleic and palmitoleic/oleic) and m/z 960.5 (oleic/linoleic and stearic/linolenic) were more abundant. In the almond, the main PL classes (phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)) contained always palmitic/linoleic acids. Alpha-linolenic acid was contained as MGD (linolenic/linolenic) and DGD (linolenic/linolenic), more present in the pulp than in the almond. The major molecular species of glycocerebrosides (GCer) in the pulp and almond carried hydroxy-palmitic acid (C(16h:0))/4,8-sphyngadienine (d(18:2)).     

P&T-GC-MS法测定饮用水中挥发性有机化合物

饮用水中的挥发性有机物一直是环境科学研究的重要课题.但目前国内尚无统一的标准方法,因这些有机化合物极易挥发,用通常的溶剂萃取方法进行分析不容易得到准确的结果,现已普遍采用商业化的吹扫捕集装置进行预处理.通常这种装置是外接表头手动压力控制来实现,本文主要介绍在我们实验基础上,采用1种新的连接方式,实现了吹扫捕集装置与GC-MS联用仪的全自动恒流控制,用这种方法对饮用水中挥发性有机化合物进行测定,并对实验方法和分析结果加以讨论.     

Volatile organic compounds sensing properties of tetrakis(alkylthio)-substituted lutetium(III) bisphthalocyanines thin films

The effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, and hexane on electrical conductivity of thin films of bis[tetrakis(alkylthio)phthalocyaninato]lutetium(III) double decker complexes [(C_nH_2n+1S)₄Pc]₂Lu(III) was investigated. The [(C_nH_2n+1S)₄Pc]₂Lu(III) molecules substituted with different alkylthia chains (n = 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16) were coated on interdigital transducers using a jet spray technique. A change (increase or decrease) in the conductivity of the [(C_nH_2n+1S)₄Pc]₂Lu(III) films was observed depending on the concentration of the VOCs, which was ranging from 500 to 5000 ppm. The decrease in the conductivity of the sensors for the dissolvent of the compounds (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane and hexane) could be related to swelling of the films. On the other hand, the increase in the conductivity of the sensors for the other VOCs (acetone, methanol and ethanol) could be resulted from that the VOCs act as electron donors and/or acceptors in the films. A linear relationship between the sensor response and concentration of the VOC vapors is obtained. The sensitivities of the [(C_nH_2n+1S)₄Pc]₂Lu(III) films were in the range of 2.10⁻⁴-3.10⁻³%/ppm.     

烟草及烟草制品总挥发酸的测定--连续流动法

采用连续流动方法测定烟草及其制品中的总挥发酸,详细研究了测定条件.结果表明最大吸收波长为350 nm,标准乙酸溶液在0.086～4.0 μg/mL的范围内服从比尔定律,摩尔吸光系数为1.174×104L·mol-1·cm-1,对烟草中挥发酸的检出限为0.012mg/g,相关系数为0.999 5,测定范围为0.12～5.0mg/g.方法具有很好的灵敏度和较高的精密度.