Identification of new NY-ESO-1 epitopes recognized by CD4+ T cells and presented by HLA-DQ B1 03011

NY-ESO-1 is one of the most immunogenic cancer antigens eliciting strong humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing malignancies. Since CD4+ T cells play a critical role in generating and maintaining antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, we searched for new NY-ESO-1 epitopes presented by MHC class II molecules. CD4+ T cells of patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing cancer were presensitized with 18-mer overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the entire sequence of NY-ESO-1. Two partly overlapping NY-ESO-1 epitopes p49-66 and p55-72 were identified as targets for NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ T cells. Peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell clones were generated by repetitive stimulation with NY-ESO-1 p49-66 and p55-72. Further experiments confirmed distinct specificities for the CD4+ T-cell clones indicating that at least 2 different CD4+ T-cell epitopes are located in the region p49-72 of the NY-ESO-1 sequence. Using a set of partially histocompatible EBV-B cell lines and MHC class II-specific antibodies, we found that both CD4+ T-cell epitopes were presented in the context of HLA-DQ B1 03011(DQ7). Natural processing and presentation of these epitopes was demonstrated by recognition of an HLA-DQ B1 03011- and NY-ESO-1-expressing lymphoma cell line and by recognition of dendritic cells (DC) exogenously loaded with NY-ESO-1 protein or infected with recombinant NY-ESO-1 adenoviral constructs. The specific production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha suggests that the NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ T-cell clones belong to the Th1 subtype. The characterization of the new HLA-DQ B1 03011-restricted NY-ESO-1 peptides broadens the repertoire of epitopes that can be used to monitor NY-ESO-1-specific spontaneous and vaccine-induced T-cell responses in cancer patients.     

Generation of mammaglobin-A-specific CD4 T cells and identification of candidate CD4 epitopes for breast cancer vaccine strategies

BACKGROUND: Mammaglobin-A (MGB) is a breast cancer-associated antigen that is an attractive target for immune intervention. MGB has been shown to induce a specific CD8 T cell response in breast cancer patients, but little is known about a possible MGB-specific CD4 T cell response. METHODS: Peripheral blood-derived CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells were stimulated in vitro with MGB-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (APC). The MGB and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II specificity of the CD4 T cell lines was confirmed by cytokine release following restimulation with autologous and allogenic APC pulsed with MGB from different sources. Candidate HLA class II-restricted epitopes were identified by computer algorithm and validated in cytokine release assays. RESULTS: MGB-specific CD4 T cells were successfully generated in cultures from six of seven donors. Restimulation of MGB-specific CD4 T cells with MGB-pulsed APC induced significantly higher levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma release than APC pulsed with an irrelevant protein (P = 0.0004). Cultures from five of seven donors showed a pure Th1 type response as evidenced by the absence of interleukin (IL)-4. MGB-specific CD4 T cells recognized both recombinant and naturally processed MGB presented by APC. This recognition was HLA class II-restricted, as HLA-DR mismatched APC were not recognized. MGB-specific CD4 T cells from three of four donors recognized MGB-derived, HLA class II-restricted peptides pulsed onto APC. CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully generated MGB-specific CD4 T cell cultures and identified candidate MGB HLA class II epitopes. These studies should facilitate study of the CD4 T cell response to MGB, and the development and monitoring of vaccine strategies targeting this unique antigen.     

肺癌患者外周血白细胞介素-17+CD4+T细胞和白细胞介素-17+CD8+T细胞表达的意义

目的 检测白细胞介素(IL)-17+CD4+T(Th17)细胞和IL-17+CD8+ T(Tc17)细胞在肺癌患者外周血中的表达水平,探讨二者在肺癌免疫中的作用及临床意义.方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测60例肺癌患者及40例健康对照者外周血中Th17和Tc17细胞占CD;T细胞的比例.结果 肺癌组外周血中Th17细胞[(1.795±0.623)％]和Tc17细胞[(0.865±0.357)％]比例分别高于对照组[(1.405±0.256)％、(0.640±0.204)％],(t=28.944,P＜ 0.001;t=14.051,P＜ 0.001).两组内Th17细胞与Tc17细胞的表达水平均呈正相关(肺癌组r=0.770,P＜0.05;对照组r=0.532,P＜0.05).Th7细胞和Tc17细胞表达均与临床分期有关(F值分别为4.882、3.633,均P＜0.05),但与病理类型无关(均P＞0.05).结论 肺癌患者体内Th17细胞和Tc17细胞表达升高,二者可能参与了肺癌的发生、发展;Th17与Tc17细胞的表达水平可作为评价肺癌患者免疫功能状态的新指标,能为病情监测提供参考.     

Melanoma‐associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan as a new target antigen for CD4+ T cells in melanoma patients

Melanoma‐associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) (also known as high molecular weight‐melanoma‐associated antigen) represents an interesting target antigen for cancer immunotherapy which is expressed on human melanomas and other tumors such as breast carcinomas, gliomas, neuroblastomas and acute leukemias. MCSP seems to play an important functional role in melanoma as it is involved in tumor cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In this study, we isolated CD4⁺ T helper cells from the blood of a healthy donor, recognizing a peptide from the MCSP core protein presented by HLA‐DBR1*1101 molecules. T cell reactivity against the identified peptide could be detected in the blood of healthy donors and melanoma patients. MCSP specific T cells from the blood of a patient could be readily expanded by repeated peptide stimulation and recognized MCSP and HLA‐DR expressing tumor cells. Our findings suggest that vaccination against MCSP helper T cell epitopes might be a promising approach to fight melanoma. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

辅助性T细胞17和调节性T细胞的免疫功能及其对非小细胞肺癌免疫调节作用的研究进展

在不同细胞因子以及不同浓度的细胞因子作用下原始CD4+ T细胞可分化为不同的Th亚群。辅助性T细胞17(Th17)和调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)是近年的研究热点,两者通过分泌不同的效应细胞因子发挥不同的免疫调节作用,即相互区别又相互联系,其中具体调控机制复杂,均在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的发生中发挥重要作用。文章就Th17和Treg细胞的分化、发育、免疫学作用及对NSCLC的免疫调节作用的研究进展进行综述。     

The alternative open reading frame of LAGE-1 gives rise to multiple promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted epitopes recognized by T-helper 1-type tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells

The NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 genes are expressed by many human cancers, but not by normal tissues, with the exception of testis and placenta. The NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 genes give rise to multiple MHC class I and class II-presented epitopes derived from the open reading frames (ORF) 1 and 2. Here, we have investigated whether NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 ORF2 encodes promiscuous MHC class II-restricted epitopes. Using a set of overlapping peptides from the ORF2 protein sequence and autologous dendritic cells (DCs) from normal donors and melanoma patients, we have identified three HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted peptide sequences from the LAGE-1 ORF2 that are capable of stimulating T-helper 1-type melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells. From these bulk CD4+ T cells, we have generated CD4+ T-cell clones able to recognize not only peptide-pulsed DCs but also autologous DCs loaded with the LAGE-1 ORF2 protein. We have demonstrated that these peptides not only bind to multiple HLA-DR molecules apart from HLA-DRB1*0401 but also stimulate CD4+ T cells when presented in the context of these HLA-DR molecules. Furthermore, our binding data have delineated two additional sequences capable of broadly binding to multiple HLA-DR molecules. Altogether, these data support the immunogenicity of NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 ORF2 gene products and clearly demonstrate their capability to stimulate T-helper 1 type CD4+ T cells. Because of the role of these cells in promoting long-lasting antitumor CTL responses, our data provide a rationale for cancer vaccine trials with peptides derived from the NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 ORF2 for a large fraction of patients with NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1(+) tumors.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血中CD+4 CD+25 T细胞/CD+4 T细胞比率意义初探

  目的 探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者外周血中CD+4 CD+25 T细胞／CD+4 T细胞比率的意义。方法 应用流式细胞技术检测15例健康人、41例初诊NHL患者、16例CTOP方案化疗后完全缓解后的NHL患者及25例化疗后未达到完全缓解的患者单位体积内外周血中CD+4 CD+25 T细胞数量和CD+4 T细胞,计算CD+4 CD+25 T细胞占CD+4 T细胞的比率。结果 初诊NHL患者CD+4 CD+25 T细胞／CD+4 T细胞的比率为（7.54±2.31）％,高于健康者的（4.13±1.25）％（P＜0.05）;化疗完全缓解后NHL患者外周血CD+4 CD+25 T细胞／CD+4 T细胞的比率为（6.26±2.28）％,低于初诊化疗前患者的（7.54±2.31％）（P＜0.05）。化疗后未达到完全缓解患者CD+4 CD+25 T细胞／CD+4 T细胞的比率为（7.85±2.12）％,高于化疗后完全缓解的患者的比率（6.26±2.28）％（P＜0.05）。结论 化疗缓解后的NHL患者外周血中CD+4 CD+25 T细胞／CD+4 T细胞的比率较化疗前及化疗未缓解的患者降低,提示CD+4 CD+25 T细胞／CD+4 T细胞的比率可能与NHL患者免疫功能及治疗效果有关。     

NY-ESO-1 encodes DRB1*0401-restricted epitopes recognized by melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells

The NY-ESO-1 gene is expressed by a range of human tumors and encodes HLA-A2-restricted melanoma peptides recognized by CD8+ CTLs. Here we report that the NY-ESO-1 gene also encodes two overlapping, but non-cross-reactive, HLA-DRB1*0401-presented peptides that are recognized by CD4+ T cells. The NY-ESO-1(119-143) peptide was able to induce specific CD4+ T cells in vitro from both an HLA-DRB1*0401+ normal donor and an HLA-DRB1*0401+ patient with melanoma. Bulk and cloned CD4+ T cells produced IFN-gamma specifically in response to, and also lysed, T2.DR4 cells pulsed with peptide NY-ESO-1(119-143) and the autologous tumor cell line, but not a DRB1*0401+ melanoma cell line that does not express NY-ESO-1. Interestingly, the NY-ESO119-143 peptide contains two overlapping putative "core" epitopes recognized by non-cross-reactive anti-NY-ESO-1(119-143) CD4+ T-cell clones. Taken together, these data support the use of this novel DR4-restricted tumor peptide, NY-ESO-1(119-143), or its two "sub-epitopes" in immunotherapeutic trials designed to generate or enhance specific CD4+ T-cell responses against tumors expressing NY-ESO-1 in vivo.     

CD4+ T cells in chronic autoantigenic stimulation in MGUS,multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Hyperphosphorylated paratarg‐7 (pP‐7) carrier state is the strongest and most frequent molecular risk factor for MGUS, multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), inherited autosomal‐dominantly and, depending on the ethnic background, found in up to one third of patients with MGUS/MM. Since P‐7 is the antigenic target of paraproteins that do not distinguish between wtP‐7 and pP‐7, we investigated CD4⁺ T‐cell responses in pP‐7⁺ patients and controls. Peptides spanning amino acids 1–35 or 4–31 containing phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated serine17 were used for stimulation. CD4⁺ cells from 9/14 patients (65%) showed a pP‐7 specific HLA‐DR restricted response. These results demonstrate that pP‐7 specific CD4⁺ cells can mediate help for pP‐7 specific chronic antigenic stimulation of P‐7 specific B cells, which might ultimately result in the clonal evolution of a B cell into MGUS/MM/WM producing a P‐7 specific paraprotein. Prerequisites for pP‐7 specific stimulation of CD4⁺ cells appear to be both a pP‐7 carrier state and an HLA‐DR subtype able to present and recognize pP‐7. Our results serve as an explanation for the exclusive autoimmunogenicity of the hyperphosphorylated variant of P‐7 and for the different hazard ratios of pP‐7 carriers from different ethnic origins to develop MGUS/MM/WM.     

CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have opposing roles in breast cancer progression and outcome

The Cancer Immunoediting concept has provided critical insights suggesting dual functions of immune system during the cancer initiation and development. However, the dynamics and roles of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the pathogenesis of breast cancer remain unclear. Here we utilized two murine breast cancer models (4T1 and E0771) and demonstrated that both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were increased and involved in immune responses, but with distinct dynamic trends in breast cancer development. In addition to cell number increases, CD4⁺ T cells changed their dominant subsets from Th1 in the early stages to Treg and Th17 cells in the late stages of the cancer progression. We also analyzed CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell infiltration in primary breast cancer tissues from cancer patients. We observed that CD8⁺ T cells are the key effector cell population mediating effective anti-tumor immunity resulting in better clinical outcomes. In contrast, intra-tumoral CD4⁺ T cells have negative prognostic effects on breast cancer patient outcomes. These studies indicate that CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells have opposing roles in breast cancer progression and outcomes, which provides new insights relevant for the development of effective cancer immunotherapeutic approaches.     

Identification of known and novel immunogenic T-cell epitopes from tumor antigens recognized by peripheral blood T cells from patients responding to IL-2-based treatment

In previous studies CD8+ T cells specific for melanocyte antigens have been frequently found in melanoma patients responding to interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based therapies. In our study we analyzed the suitability of using circulating T cells from melanoma patients with clinical response after IL-2-based therapy to identify novel T-cell epitopes from defined tumor antigens. Using unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) ELISPOT assay, we studied CD8(+) T-cell responses against 5 peptides from the tumor antigen tyrosinase (Tyr) selected by epitope prediction using an HLA-A1-binding computer algorithm. T cells specifically secreting IFN-gamma in response to 3 of these 5 peptides, namely, Tyr (454-463), Tyr (146-156) and Tyr (243-251), could be detected in 4 of 4 HLA-A1-positive patients with clinical response. In contrast, no T-cell responses against these peptides were seen in 6 HLA-A1-positive melanoma patients with progressive disease and in 8 healthy subjects. We could generate specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against Tyr (454-463) using peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells as antigen-presenting cells. The induced CTLs efficiently killed melanoma cells that express HLA-A1 and tyrosinase. The peptides Tyr (146-156) and Tyr (243-251) had recently been identified as CTL epitopes by other groups. Further ex vivo characterization of the T cells reactive against the novel epitope Tyr (454-463) in 1 patient by multicolor flow cytometry showed specific CD3+/CD8+/IFN-gamma+ T cells with frequencies of up to 0.41% of the CD3+/CD8+ T-cell population. Most of this T-cell population also expressed granzyme B. Our data confirm that in patients with tumor regressions induced by immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy circulating T cells reactive with tyrosinase epitopes can frequently be detected. Peripheral blood T cells from such patients are a valuable source for screening peptides selected by epitope prediction This strategy facilitates the rapid identification of immunogenic T-cell epitopes that are probable targets of immune-mediated tumor rejection.     

Depletion of CD4+CD25+ human regulatory T cells in vivo: kinetics of Treg depletion and alterations in immune functions in vivo and in vitro

The aim of this study was to investigate whether depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) from melanoma patients affects immune responses against tumors. By application of recombinant IL-2-diphteria toxin fusion protein, also known as ONTAK, we were able to significantly reduce the frequency of Treg in peripheral blood, whereas other cell populations remained unaffected. The reduction of Treg started immediately after the first bolus of ONTAK with a dose of 5 microg ONTAK per kg bodyweight and lasted for 13 days with subsequent recovery thereafter. Successive ONTAK treatments further reduced the number of circulating Treg. Using the contact sensitizer DCP we show that all patients developed vast eczema after Treg depletion, whereas no or only mild eczematous reactions were detectable before ONTAK treatment. Corresponding induction of DCP-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were detectable. Moreover, after immunization of ONTAK treated patients with tumor antigen peptides, MelanA/MART-1 and gp100, significant induction of peptide specific CD8(+) T cells could be observed in 90% of the patients treated. These cells displayed effector functions, as they were able to lyse peptide-pulsed target cells and secreted IFNgamma upon restimulation. In aggregate, our data indicate that ONTAK depletes Treg in vivo significantly, resulting in enhanced immune functions and substantial development of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in vaccinated individuals.     

CD4+T细胞在抗肿瘤过继性免疫治疗中作用的研究

目的：观察CIK细胞中CD4^＋T细胞中Th1／Th2亚群分布情况。方法：体外大规模扩增CIK细胞，磁珠法纯化其中CD4^＋T细胞．采用胞内染色、ELISA和荧光定量RT—PCR法检测培养前后Th1／Th2细胞亚群的比例、Th1／Th2类细胞因子的分泌量和基因表达的变化。结果：富集CD4^＋细胞纯度达96％，CIK中Th1亚群和Th0亚群的比例较PBMC显著升高（P〈0．05），而Th2亚群无显著变化。CD4^＋CIK细胞中IL-2和IFN-γ等Th1类细胞因子释放量增高（P〈0．01），而IL－10和TGF-β等Th2类细胞因子释放量降低（P〈0．05）。但CD4^＋CIK细胞中除IFN-γ／的mRNA显著升高外（P〈0．05）．IL-2和IL-4的mRNA变化不明显。结论：CIK细胞中的CD4^＋T细胞具有明显的Th1优势。     

NY-ESO-1 119-143 is a promiscuous major histocompatibility complex class II T-helper epitope recognized by Th1- and Th2-type tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells.

The NY-ESO-1 gene product is expressed by a range of human tumors and is recognized by antibodies from sera of cancer patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors. The NY-ESO-1 gene also encodes several MHC class I- and MHC class II-restricted tumor epitopes recognized by T lymphocytes. In particular, we previously reported that the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide contains at least two HLA-DRB1*0401-presented epitopes that are recognized by melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells. Here we report that the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide can be presented in the context of multiple HLA-DR alleles to stimulate tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells. The NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide is able to bind to several DR molecules. The NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide is also capable of inducing specific CD4+ T cells in vitro from peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors and patients with melanoma who express these HLA-DR alleles. These CD4+ T cells recognize NY-ESO-1(+), HLA-matched or autologous melanoma cell lines, as well as autologous antigen-presenting cells fed with the NY-ESO-1 protein. We also demonstrate that the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide stimulates in vitro both Th1-type and Th2-type CD4+ T-cell responses from peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors and melanoma patients. Taken together, these data suggest a key role of the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide sequence in the induction of cellular and humoral responses against NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors. They support the relevance of cancer vaccine trials with the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide in the large number of cancer patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors.     

HER-2/neu-derived peptide epitopes are also recognized by cytotoxic CD3(+)CD56(+) (natural killer T) lymphocytes

The human HER-2/neu gene encodes a 185 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein recognized by MHC class I-restricted CTLs. Here, we report that HER-2/neu peptide CTL epitopes can also be recognized by cytotoxic NK-T lymphocytes. Unfractionated peptides derived from HLA-A2(+), HER-2/neu(+) tumor cells acid cell extract (ACE), collected from patients with metastatic ovarian cancer, were used as antigen to generate in vitro cytotoxic effectors. ACE was able to elicit from cancer patients' PBMCs both alphabetaTCR(+)CD3(+)CD56(-) and alphaTCR(+)CD3(+)CD56(+) (NK-T) CTLs that lysed ACE-sensitized T2 cells in an HLA-A2-restricted manner. The same CTL lines also recognized T2 cells pulsed with HER-2/neu-derived CTL peptide epitopes, a HER-2/neu-transfected HLA-A2(+) cell line and autologous tumor cells. alphaTCR(+)CD3(+)CD56(+) CTL lines also exhibited NK-like cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells. CTL clones were isolated from alphaTCR(+)CD3(+)CD56(+) bulk cultures displaying both MHC- and non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity, thus confirming the dual cytolytic function of such cells. Our data demonstrate that ACE from metastatic ovarian tumors can be used as multiepitope vaccines for generating in vitro, besides classical CTLs, NK-T cells exerting efficient MHC- and non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against autologous tumor targets. Such NK-T cells expressing dual cytotoxic activity may prove advantageous in cancer immunotherapy.     

MHC II lung cancer vaccines prime and boost tumor‐specific CD4+ T cells that cross‐react with multiple histologic subtypes of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major cause of lung cancer‐related deaths in the United States. We are developing cell‐based vaccines as a new approach for the treatment of NSCLC. NSCLC is broadly divided into 3 histologic subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Since these subtypes are derived from the same progenitor cells, we hypothesized that they share common tumor antigens, and vaccines that induce immune reactivity against 1 subtype may also induce immunity against other subtypes. Our vaccine strategy has focused on activating tumor‐specific CD4⁺ T cells, a population of lymphocytes that facilitates the optimal activation of effector and memory cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells. We now report that our NSCLC MHC II vaccines prepared from adeno, squamous or large cell carcinomas each activate CD4⁺ T cells that cross‐react with the other NSCLC subtypes and do not react with HLA‐DR‐matched normal lung fibroblasts or other HLA‐DR‐matched nonlung tumor cells. Using MHC II NSCLC vaccines expressing the DR1, DR4, DR7 or DR15 alleles, we also demonstrate that antigens shared among the different subtypes are presented by multiple HLA‐DR alleles. Therefore, MHC II NSCLC vaccines expressing a single HLA‐DR allele activate NSCLC‐specific CD4⁺ T cells that react with the 3 major classes of NSCLC, and the antigens recognized by the activated T cells are presented by several common HLA‐DR alleles, suggesting that the MHC II NSCLC vaccines are potential immunotherapeutics for a range of NSCLC patients.     

CD4+CD25+调节性T 细胞对乳腺癌细胞上皮间质转化和ALDH1+干样细胞的影响*

目的:研究CD4+CD25+调节性T 细胞（regulatory T cells ,Tregs）对乳腺癌细胞上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition ,EMT ）、细胞迁移侵袭能力,及ALDH1+干样细胞比例的影响。方法:采用免疫磁珠法分离乳腺癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+Tregs,CD4+CD25+Tregs与乳腺癌BT474、MCF-7 细胞系共培养（共培养组）,BT474、MCF-7 单独培养（对照组）。 检测共培养组和对照组乳腺癌细胞EMT 相关标志物表达的变化,及细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化。此外,检测BT474 细胞中ALDH1+干样细胞、微球形成能力和自我更新能力的变化。结果:CD4+CD25+Tregs诱导BT474 和MCF-7 细胞间质性标志物表达增高,诱导MCF-7 细胞上皮性标志物E-cadherin 表达降低。CD4+CD25+Tregs诱导BT474 和MCF-7 细胞迁移和侵袭能力上调。共培养组BT474 细胞中ALDH1+干样细胞比例、微球体形成能力、自我更新能力较对照组增强。结论:CD4+CD25+Tregs可诱导乳腺癌细胞发生EMT ,增强细胞体外迁移和侵袭能力,同时促进ALDH1+干样细胞增加。      

软骨肉瘤患者Th1/Th2的变化

目的观察软骨肉瘤患者T淋巴细胞亚群中Th1/Th2的变化,为细胞因子免疫治疗提供依据。方法应用放射免疫分析法以及酶联免疫分析法检测32例软骨肉瘤患者血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12的含量,检测外周血单个核细胞在有或无植物血凝素(PHA)存在情况下培养上清中IL-2、IL-4含量。结果软骨肉瘤患者血清及培养上清中IL-2、IL-12减少(P＜0.001),而IL-10、IL-4、IL-6含量增加(P＜0.01),在使用PHA刺激时,患者淋巴细胞分泌IL-2能力显著降低,而IL-4显著升高。结论软骨肉瘤患者体内存在有Th1/Th2平衡失调,其中Th1亚群功能抑制,Th2亚群功能亢进。     

外周T细胞淋巴瘤患者中PD-1的表达对CD45RA+、CD45RO+T细胞的影响

目的:探讨外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)患者淋巴瘤组织中PD-1的表达与外周血中初始和记忆T细胞水平的关系.方法:20例PTCL患者采用免疫组化法检测淋巴瘤组织中PD-1的表达,采用流式细胞术检测CHOP方案化疗前后外周血中CD4+CD45RA+、CD4+CD45RO+、CD8+CD45RA+和CD8+CD45RO+T细胞的比例,分析PD-1的表达与T细胞亚群的关系.结果:PD-1、PD-L1蛋白在PTCL患者中表达升高,PD-1阳性患者疗效较差.PD-1阳性患者中CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞明显低于PD-1阴性患者;PD-1阴性组患者CD4+CD45RO+、CD8+CD45RA+、 CD8+CD45RO+T细胞明显高于PD-1阳性患者,差异有统计学意义.结论:PTCL患者中存在PD-1/PD-L1蛋白的表达异常,PD-1阳性患者存在更明显的T细胞免疫功能缺陷.