Vibration control of a frame structure using electro-rheological fluid mounts

A squeeze-mode electro-rheological (ER) mount has been designed, manufactured, and applied to the vibration control of a frame structure subjected to external excitations. After verifying that the damping force of the ER mount can be controlled by controlling the applied voltage, a frame structure system supported by spring mounts and the proposed ER mounts has been assembled. The governing equation of the structural system is derived in the modal coordinate and is rewritten as a state-space control model. An optimal controller, which consists of the velocity feedback signal of the frame structure and the force feedback signal transmitted from the exciting point to the mount position, is formulated in order to attenuate the imposed excitations. The controller has been optimized experimentally and control responses such as the acceleration of the frame structure and the transmitted force at each mount position are presented in both time and frequency domains.     

动力总成引起的轿车乘员室结构噪声传递路径分析与控制

动力总成振动引起的轿车乘员室结构噪声往往经过多维路径进行传递,对结构噪声传递路径的辨识和控制是减少结构噪声的有效措施之一.文中以尚处于设计中的某轿车车身结构为研究对象,采用实验数据与有限元模型相结合的方法,将动力总成及其悬置装置的动态特性引入到车身结构的设计过程中,依据各传递路径对乘员室结构噪声的贡献度,辨识结构噪声的主要传递路径及关键影响因素,进而指导车身结构的设计,达到控制结构噪声向轿车乘员室传递的目的.     

Sliding mode control of a shear-mode type ER engine mount

This paper presents feedback control characteristics of a shear-mode type electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. The field-dependent yield stress of an arabic gum-based ER fluid is obtained using a couette type electroviscometer, and it is incorporated into the governing equation of motion of the ER engine mount, which is derived from a bond graph model. A sliding mode controller which directly represents the field-dependent damping force is formulated by taking into account the stiffness and damping properties of the systems as parameter uncertainties. The controller is then experimentally realized by imposing a semi-active actuating condition. The effectiveness of the proposed ER engine mount is demonstrated showing capabilities of isolating the vibrations due to sinusoidal and random excitations.     

Optimal control of structural vibrations using a mixed-mode magnetorheological fluid mount

In this work, a mixed-mode magnetorheological (MR) mount is proposed and applied to the vibration control of a flexible beam structure subjected to external disturbances. On the basis of non-dimensional Bingham number, an appropriate size of the MR mount is designed and manufactured. After experimentally evaluating the field-dependent damping force of the MR mount, a structural system consisting of a flexible beam and vibrating rigid mass is established. The governing equation of motion of the system is derived and expressed as a state space control model. A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is then designed in order to attenuate the vibration of the structural system. The controller is empirically realized and control responses such as acceleration and displacement of the structural system are evaluated and presented in frequency domain.     

Naval-vessel on board equipment base to minimize structure-borne noise

In order to reduce the structure-borne noise of naval-vessel onboard equipment to meet imposed standards, the equipment exciting force should be restricted and additional anti-vibration devices such as resilient mounts and bellows should be applied. Since the structure-borne noise is dependent on the design of the equipment base, the realization of a low-vibration base design is important. In this study, a typical pump base is optimized using Design of experiment (DOE) and Computer-aided engineering (CAE) techniques, in order to minimize the vibration transferred from the equipment base to the floor. In addition, a sandwich panel consisting of a steel plate and rubber material is applied to the pump base between an anti-vibration mount and the base, so as to reduce the vibration transferred from the pump using the double-mounting-system principle. Consequently, the structure-borne noise reduction achieved by applying the proposed base design is verified via experiment.     

A low power consumption control scheme: application to a piezostack-based active mount

Piezostack-based active mounts have shown great efficiency for vibration control in a wide frequency range. In this paper, we investigate the performances of the global semi-active control strategy presented by Ichchou et al. [1] for a control system consisting of an active mount and a supported mass. The control strategy allows extracting vibrations energy of the supported mass, storing it in accumulators to be reused for powering in part the actuators (two piezostacks). Consequently, energy needs are reduced versus good control performances comparable to those of the active control based on the negative velocity feedback. The performances of the controller are evaluated in both frequency (transmitted force) and time (acceleration) domains which show that vibrations of the supported mass due to base excitations are efficiently attenuated with the proposed law. An energetic analysis confirms the reduced energy requirement compared to the active scheme.     

A system for automatically testing properties

A test system was developed at Caterpillar to automatically measure the static stiffness as well as complex stiffness and phase angle of rubber mounts used for support, and for noise and vibration isolation in our vehicles. The system consists of a load frame with a hydraulic cylinder that applies load to the mount and an instrumentation and control system interconnected with a personal computer. The computer acquires load and displacement measurements from the mount through an analog-to-digital converter connected to computer controllable signal conditioners. The computer acts on these signals and controls a programmable function generator, which supplies a command signal to a hydraulic servo controller that controls load or displacement of the mount. The test system software allows the operator to configure the test through form fill-in menus and special function keys. Following setup, the system automatically runs the tests and prints or plots results to the CRT and optionally to the system printer. Additionally, the system allows the operator to specify characteristics of the sensors being used and guides the operator through calibration of the signal conditioners.     

Effectiveness of a passive-active vibration isolation system with actuator constraints

In the prediction of active vibration isolation performance, control force requirements were ignored in previous work. This may limit the realization of theoretically predicted isolation performance if control force of large magnitude cannot be supplied by actuators.The behavior of a feed-forward active isolation system subjected to actuator output constraints is investigated. Distributed parameter models are developed to analyze the system response, and to produce a transfer matrix for the design of an integrated passive-active isolation system. Cost functions comprising a combination of the vibration transmission energy and the sum of the squared control forces are proposed. The example system considered is a rigid body connected to a simply supported plate via two passive-active isolation mounts. Vertical and transverse forces as well as a rotational moment are applied at the rigid body, and resonances excited in elastic mounts and the supporting plate are analyzed. The overall isolation performance is evaluated by numerical simulation. The simulation results are then compared with those obtained using unconstrained control strategies. In addition, the effects of waves in elastic mounts are analyzed. It is shown that the control strategies which rely on tmconstrained actuator outputs may give substantial power transmission reductions over a wide frequency range, but also require large control force amplitudes to control excited vibration modes of the system. Expected power transmission reductions for modified control strategies that incorporate constrained actuator outputs are considerably less than typical reductions with unconstrained actuator outputs. In the frequency range in which rigid body modes are present, the control strategies can only achieve 5-10 dB power transmission reduction, when control forces are constrained to be the same order of the magnitude as the primary vertical force. The resonances of the elastic mounts result in a notable increase of power transmission in high frequency range and cannot be attenuated by active control. The investigation provides a guideline for design and evaluation of active vibration isolation systems.     

轴向柱塞泵壳体降噪区域识别

为了精确识别轴向柱塞泵壳体降噪区域,首先,搭建液压-多体动力学耦合模型,求解结构噪声激振力;然后,分析零部件模态并试验验证,建立装配体有限元模型,开展基于模态的振动响应分析,通过振动实验验证模型准确性,搭建轴向柱塞泵声学边界元模型,分析其辐射噪声特性;最后,基于声学传递向量原理,开展模态及板面声学贡献量分析,对壳体噪声辐射板面进行合理划分,分析其对关键频率下辐射噪声的贡献量。研究表明:轴向柱塞泵振声模型具有良好的准确性;某板面在辐射噪声突出的1350 Hz频率下,其声学贡献量达到46.1%。精确识别了轴向柱塞泵壳体降噪区域,为其降噪优化设计提供有效指导。     

磁流变液悬置用于发动机隔振模糊控制

设计了一种基于圆盘挤压模式磁流变悬置,利用试验方法得出了不同激励频率条件下磁流变悬置的循环耗散功与励磁电流的关系.利用磁流变悬置,建立了发动机振动半主动控制的研究模型.提出了一种模糊控制方法,利用转速、加速度和动态拉压力传感器,借助美国国家仪器公司的数据采集和实时控制器,构建了发动机隔振模糊控制试验系统,并开展了怠速和常用工况条件下的发动机振动隔离控制试验研究.研究结果表明,与橡胶悬置相比,基于磁流变悬置的模糊控制系统,能够降低发动机动态激振力传递到支承,并且低转速条件下的振动隔离效果优于高转速条件下的.     

车辆发动机悬架系统现状与进展

理想的发动机悬架系统应隔离发动机工作转速范围内由发动机干扰力所引起的发动机振动，并阻止由冲击而激起的发动机弹跳，这意味着发动机悬架的动态刚度和阻尼是与频率和振幅有关的，改善依赖于频率和振幅特性的动态刚度与阻尼是发动机悬架系统发展的关键所在。传统的弹性悬架不能满足所有的要求，它仅能在静偏转和隔振之间进行折衷，特别在低频域，被动的液压悬架能比弹性悬架提供更好的特性，通常半主动技术，由于其可调性而被用来进一步改善液压悬架的特性，为了隔振、低频时主动发动机悬架系统非常硬，而在高频域内被调整的非常软，主动的发动机悬架已被认为是发动机悬架的新一代，发动机悬架系统的优化是相当可取的，但发动机悬架的优化工作出现一些局限性，文中综述国内，外发动机悬架技术的现状与进展。     

发动机半主动液力悬置动特性研究与开发

发动机悬置是隔离发动机振动向驾驶室和基础传递的隔振元件,其设计的优劣直接影响汽车的乘坐舒适性.基于流体力学理论,研究发动机液力悬置惯性通道内阻尼力,对液力悬置建立了力学模型和数学模型,进行了动特性仿真,从流体力学的角度分析了液力悬置的结构参数对其动态特性的影响.进行了液力悬置的台架试验,确定了惯性通道半主动控制式液力悬置的控制律.由此设计开发了通道可调的惯性通道式液力悬置,从而在较宽频带内有效的达到了减振的目的.     

发动机半主动控制液力悬置动特性仿真研究

发动机悬置是隔离发动机振动向驾驶室和基础传递的隔振元件,其设计的优劣直接影响汽车的乘坐舒适性.笔者基于流体力学理论,研究发动机液力悬置惯性通道内阻尼力,对液力悬置建立力学模型和数学模型,进行动特性仿真,从流体力学的角度分析液力悬置的结构参数和液力参数对其动态特性的影响.进行液力悬置的台架试验,确定较可行的惯性通道半主动控制式液力悬置的控制律,从而在较宽的频带内,达到良好的隔振效果.     

磁流变发动机悬置的参数化建模与辨识

研究频变、磁变效应下的磁流变悬置的力学模型建立问题。以某磁流变悬置为例,根据Bingham模型,将悬置恢复力分为库仑阻尼力、弹性恢复力,黏性阻尼力三部分;通过分析各部分力与频率、磁场的相关性分析,提出一种改进的多项式Bingham参数化模型。该模型以外部电流、外载频率为变量,通过推导外部位移激励的能量耗散、储存关系,提出该多项式模型中九个待识别参数的辨识方法。设计了试验方案,并通过真实试验测试各种工况下该挤压式磁流变悬置的恢复力-位移关系,根据所提方法,得到在不同工况下的磁流变悬置的恢复力随电流、外载频率变化的关系。对比试验结果表明,该参数化模型在动刚度、滞后角以及滞回曲线上能良好地反映悬置的宽频段动力学特性。     

复杂机械系统多维耦合振动传递矩阵分析

以特性传递矩阵描述复杂机械系统中子结构输入、输出力与速度矢量关系,提出了复杂振源激励、多弹性支承与基础板结构三维耦合隔振系统传递矩阵力学模型。考虑隔振支承多维波动效应,推证了弹性支承耦合振动传递矩阵,为复杂系统功率流特性及隔振器多维驻波效应研究确立了有效途经。数值模拟计算表明,基础板结构的前两阶弯曲共振模态是高频域系统功率流提高的主要原因。振源力矩或垂向激振力诱发的隔振器纵向谐振使系统功率流明显提高:增大基础板厚度,驻波共振峰值提高。     

周期性机械振动主动控制算法

为提高周期性机械装置的隔振性能,减少其对底座(或地面)及周围环境的影响,采用由弹性橡胶和压电堆作动器组成的主动悬置(active control mount, ACM).针对压电堆作动器输出位移较小的情况,设计液压位移放大机构.通过对压电作动器和橡胶主簧性能的分析,建立由主动悬置构成的隔振系统的力学模型.周期性机械振动系统,其周期振动信号可用作控制同步信号,因此控制系统采用基于同步滤波-X LMS(least mean square)算法的自适应控制策略,传递到机座的残余力作为误差信号,实现对周期性机械振动系统的主动控制.计算机仿真实验结果表明,采用这种主动悬置和同步滤波-X LMS算法的主动控制系统,相对于采用普通橡胶悬置的被动系统,明显减少了对底座的力传递,减振效果明显.     

平面弹性机构间隙效应控制研究

弹性机构铰接副处过大间隙的存在加速了杆件的疲劳与磨损 ,严重地影响了机器的动态特性机构。本文在含间隙弹性平面连杆机构的二阶段动力学模型中 ,引入挤压油膜阻尼器被动控制技术 ,通过算例 ,对比分析了间隙铰及挤压油膜铰机构中弹性杆件变形的稳态响应。结果表明 ,挤压油膜阻尼器可以有效地控制含间隙弹性机构中过大的弹性变形 ,改善机构的稳定性能     

and feedforward and feedback compensators for acoustic isolation

This paper investigates through numerical simulations the limits of performance for a class of feedforward and feedback compensators used for structural acoustic isolation, where the emphasis is on controlling the structural vibration that is responsible for the sound radiation. The proposed designs aim to attenuate the sound pressure transmitted through a double panel system filled with absorption material. The controller must reduce the noise radiated through the back panel when the front panel is excited by an external force that causes structural vibration. A point moment simulating a piezoelectric patch attached to the back panel is the actuator. In the feedforward setting, the pre-filter assumes full information of the exogenous disturbance. On the other hand, the feedback designs assume full information of the state. The and norms are the optimality criteria used for both the filter design and the control design. All four designs are cast in the linear matrix inequality framework and incorporate parametric uncertainties described by a bounded convex polyhedral domain. It is shown that the performance of the feedforward and the feedback compensators are equivalent when model uncertainties are not taken into account. Otherwise, considering uncertainties, the feedback compensators have a more robust behavior.     

High frequency testing of rubber mounts

Rubber and fluid-filled rubber engine mounts are commonly used in automotive and aerospace applications to provide reduced cabin noise and vibration, and/or motion accommodations. In certain applications, the rubber mount may operate at frequencies as high as 5000 Hz. Therefore, dynamic stiffness of the mount needs to be known in this frequency range. Commercial high frequency test machines are practically nonexistent, and the best high frequency test machine on the market is only capable of frequencies as high as 1000 Hz. In this paper, a high frequency test machine is described that allows test engineers to study the high frequency performance of rubber mounts at frequencies up to 5000 Hz.     

Active vibration control of flexible cantilever beam using piezo actuator and Filtered-X LMS algorithm

This paper presents the active vibration control of a flexible cantilever beam. The cantilever beam was excited by steady-state sinusoidal and white noise point forces. The vibrational control system was implemented using one piezo ceramic actuator bonded on the beam and the adaptive controller based on the Filtered-X LMS algorithm. Control results indicated that a considerable vibrational reduction could be achieved in a few seconds. Experimental results, demonstrate the feasibility of active vibration control of the flexible cantilever beam based on piezo ceramic actuator and the Filtered-X LMS algorithm.