活性炭吸附处理含铅废水的研究

研究活性炭对水溶液中重金属离子铅的吸附行为.废水pH值为5.0～6.0,铅离子质量浓度为100m/L.按铅与活性炭质量比为1∶400投加活性炭,吸附接触时间80min,铅离子去除率可达99%.吸附符合Freundlich等温模式和Langmuir等温模式.穿透体积40mL.活性炭吸附铅离子饱和吸附容量为54.96mg/g.     

含铀钍氯化稀土溶液中离子交换法提铀

提出了一种利用铀酰离子与Cl-的络合,从高稀土低铀的含氯体系浸出液中分离提取铀而将大部分的稀土元素和钍留在浸出液中的离子交换法。研究了离子吸附过程中体系pH和氯离子浓度等对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,在反应pH=0~1、Cl-浓度7 mol/L的优化条件下,饱和树脂对铀的吸附量能够达到43.34 mg/g。后续采用7 mol/L HCl溶液酸洗和去离子水淋洗,回收钍和稀土的同时实现了铀的分离提取。该技术不改变传统稀土提取工艺流程,仅增加铀提取工艺技术单元,可实现铀的分离与浓缩,具有工艺流程短、不影响原有稀土提取工艺和矿产最大化利用的特点。     

用HPLC／ICP—MS法测定铽中稀土元素

本文对高纯铽和氧化铽中稀土杂质的测定方法进行了研究。由于ICP—MS方法灵敏度高,它常用于包括稀土在内的超微量元素的分析。当以ICP—MS法测定高纯铽中的稀土元素时,由于基体干扰,被测元素的离子强度降低20～80％,而巳由于~(159)Tb~(16)O的影响,~(175)Lu不能测定。 本文作者曾对铽中稀土杂质分析的HPLC/ICP—AES方法做过报道,在此方法中,铽和稀土杂质用HPLC柱分离,随后以ICP-AEE法进行测定。本文对ICP—MS法与HPLC的联用技术进行了论述。稀土杂质的检出限为0.nppm。     

巨大芽孢杆菌与稀土离子的相互作用研究

对稀土资源的开采和利用,如稀土微肥的出现,使得稀土与土壤微生物之间产生了相互的影响。为了探明上述两者间的互作机理,对一株能够解磷、解钾的巨大芽孢杆菌对稀土离子的吸附作用进行了考察。结果显示,这株菌对La3+和Ce3+的吸附率分别为29.2%、30.2%,最大吸附量分别为75 mg/L、30 mg/L,而且均能在30 min内进行快速吸附,在60 min内达到吸附平衡。在此菌株最适生长温度范围内的三个温度(25℃、30℃、40℃)下的研究结果表明,吸附温度对吸附过程无明显影响。经载体(海藻酸钠(SA)-硅藻土)固定化后,在160 r/min的转速下该菌株对La3+和Ce3+的吸附率分别提高了20.25%、20.02%。     

萃淋树脂法制备超高纯氯化钕工艺研究

以单一盐酸溶液为淋洗剂,采用萃淋树脂法制备超高纯氯化钕溶液。研究了CL-P507、CL-P204、001×7、001×8、D113、D900、DH100等7种树脂对RE3+、Al3+的吸附、解析、分离性能,遴选CL-P507为分离树脂、DH100为除铝树脂。单因素条件试验发现,加液方式、料液浓度、淋洗酸浓度、柱径比对流出液稀土纯度影响不显著,高料液浓度、高淋洗酸浓度、低柱径比可以获得较高浓度的超高纯氯化钕溶液,以正吸附方式加料、料液浓度30.89 g/L、淋洗酸浓度0.3 mol/L、柱径比20︰1为最优工艺条件,制备了纯度＞99.999%的超高纯氯化钕溶液。工艺不使用任何延缓离子,从源头控制非稀土杂质的引入,为超高纯稀土溶液的制备提供了技术参考。     

铽Ⅲ-均苯四甲酸-对苯二甲酸多核体系的荧光增强及其应用

研究表明,在铽Ⅲ-均苯四甲酸(PMA)-对苯二甲酸(TPA)体系中加入一定量三苯基氧化膦(TPPO)能使体系荧光强度增大约一个数量级,稀土离子La3+,Gd3+,Y3+与Tb3+-PMA-TPA-TPPO形成的多核发光体系,具有很强的发光效果,据此建立了测定稀土样品中痕量铽的新方法,并且优化了最佳反应条件。方法线性范围为8.0×10-9~2.0×10-6mol/L,检出限为6.0×10-11mol/L,用于人工合成稀土混合物样品的分析,结果满意。     

活性炭富集中子活化r能谱法测定天然水中的金

本文提出一种水中超痕量金的测试方法.该法先将1升水中加入0.1克活性炭,在PH3—4的条件下振荡五分钟,使金富集;然后,将活性炭用中子活化—r能谱仪测定.活性炭能定量吸附由蒸馏水配制的溶液中离子态和胶体态金,以及这两种形态的金适量标加并达平衡的天然地表水中的两种形态的金.用于富集金的三种树脂的性能已有评价;离子态金可定量洗脱,而胶态金洗脱不完全.炭纤维电极上的电解沉淀产生类似的结果。活性炭张予富集技术的试验是在含有~(198)Au指示剂和总金浓度为1μg/1的溶液中进行的。活性吸附一中子活化r能谱法测定总金量(离子态和胶体金)的检测下限为0.3ng/1.该法已用来测定含金地表水中的金概述部分从略     

固定化微生物对石油污染土壤修复条件优化研究

探讨固定化微生物降解石油污染土壤最佳理化条件,为修复石油污染土壤提供理论依据。从几种农业废弃物中选出固定化微生物的最优载体,并以吉林前郭油田原油为降解对象,考察固定化微生物投入量、原油初始浓度、表面活性剂投加量、孔隙率、含水率、pH及营养成分含量对原油降解率的影响。秸秆为固定化微生物最佳载体。取1 500g土样进行单因素试验,投入60g原油,最优化的降解条件是添加固定化微生物50g/L,最佳环境因素是:孔隙率45%、含水率20%、pH=8,营养成分C/N=9。固定化微生物降解能力远超过游离菌降解石油污染土壤的能力,调节到最佳的土壤环境,投入一定量的固定化微生物,能够大幅提高石油污染土壤降解率。     

用吸附法提取离子吸附型重稀土矿食盐浸出液中稀土的试验

一、前言江西离子吸附型稀土矿的特点是,原矿含稀土低,如某离子吸附型重稀土矿,其稀土含量多在0.1%左右;矿石中粘土矿物含量高及由此引起矿石的吸水性强、使固液分离成为一件很困难的事。为此,我们对吸附法提取离子吸附型稀土的工艺进行了初步试验。其主要目的是探讨“碳浆法”提稀土的可能性。本文论述的是我们采用活性炭和活性煤     

用枯草芽孢杆菌吸附去除电镀废水中的铜

通过筛选和培育,从某电镀活性污泥中得到一株高效耐Cu2+功能吸附菌,根据菌落形态特征及16S rDNA序列测定和比对,鉴定出该菌株为芽孢杆菌属中的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis-TR1).研究了用此菌种从电镀废水中吸附去除C u2+,考察了废水初始p H、C u2+初始质量浓度、温度、菌种加入量、培养时间及摇床转速等对C u2+去除率的影响.结果表明:在废水初始p H=5、C u2+初始质量浓度80 m g/L、温度30℃、细菌接种量3 g/L、培养时间48 h条件下,此菌种对Cu2+有较好的吸附去除效果,Cu2+去除率达62.4％,吸附量达4.02 mg/g;主要吸附机制为通过自身表面的功能基团和静电引力,诱导废水中Cu2+发生迁移和离子交换,与表面功能基团结合形成典型非晶相结构配合物,进而将C u2+去除.研究结果为电镀污泥的源头减量提供了一种可用吸附材料,可为电镀废水的微生物处理提供参考.     

纳滤膜对稀土离子的动态吸附行为及截留特性

采用经碳纳米管改性的亲水化纳滤膜浓缩提取稀土浸出液中的稀土离子,探究纳滤膜表面对La3+、Nd3+、Pr3+、Ce3+和Y3+5种稀土离子吸附动力学行为,考察稀土离子半径的大小对纳滤膜吸附性能和截留性能的影响.结果表明,Freundlich吸附方程比Langmuir方程能更好地描述稀土离子在纳滤膜表面上的动态吸附行为,用Freundlich吸附方程拟合后的结果相关度系数R2能达到0.999以上;在初始浓度为5×105 μg/L,温度为25 ℃,运行压力为0.6 MPa的实验条件下,纳滤膜对稀土离子的浓缩提取过程中,初始阶段的截留机理取决于纳滤膜表面的吸附作用和膜孔的机械筛分效应,膜面吸附达到平衡后以膜孔的机械筛分效应为主,此时La3+、Nd3+、Pr3+、Ce3+和Y3+的截留率分别为94.21 %、81.25 %、85.80 %、89.90 %和81.18 %,表明经碳纳米管改性的亲水化纳滤膜能高效浓缩截留稀土浸出液中的稀土离子.      

Synthesis, Characterization and Fluorescence Properties of Europium, Terbium Complexes with Biphenyl-4-Carboxylic Acid and o-Phenanthroline

Two series of solid complexes of europium and terbium with biphenyl 4-carboxylic acid and phen were synthesized and characterized in this report. Their elemental analysis, molar conductivities and TG-DTA studies indicate that the complexes have the composition of Eu(phen)L3·1/2H2O, Eu0.5RE0.5(phen)L3·1/2H2O; Tb(phen)L3·H2O and Tb0.5RE0.5(Phen)L3·1/2H2O. (RE=Y3 , La3 and Gd3 ; L=biphenyl 4-carboxylic acid; phen=o-Phenanthroline). The studies of their IR, UV 1H NMR and molar conductivities demonstrate that biphenyl 4-carboylic acid is bounded with RE(Ⅲ) ion. Rare earth ions coordinate with two nitrogen atoms of phen molecules directly in these rare earth complexes. The fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of the rare earth complexes show that the fluorescent intensity and lifetime of a series of europium complexes are longer than those of the series of terbium complexes as having the some ligands. There are better fluorescent intensity and lifetime of hetero-nuclear rare earth complexes than homo-nuclear rare earth complexes for europium complexes. The fluorescence emission intensity of Eu3 is raised by inert fluorescent rare earth ions (Y3 , Gd3 and La3 ), but in Tb3 hetero-nuclear rare earth complexes the intensity of Tb3 ions are quenched by the inert fluorescent rare earth ions.     

Study on Anticoagulation Factor I from Agkistrodon Acutus Venom by Rare Earth Ion Probes

Ｓｎａｋｅｖｅｎｏｍｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓｗｈｉｃｈｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｖａｒｉｏｕｓｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ,ｉｎ ｃｌｕｄｉｎｇａｃｌａｓｓｔｈａｔａｆｆｅｃｔｓｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｗｉｔｈｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔｏｒａｎｔｉｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ .Ａｎａｎｔｉｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔｆａｃｔｏｒ (ＡＣＦ)ｗａｓｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｉｓｏ ｌａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｖｅｎｏｍｏｆＡｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎａｃｕｔｕｓｆｒｏｍｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＡｎｈｕ…     

活性炭在原生硫化铜矿细菌浸出中对铜与铁离子吸附的影响

通过摇瓶实验,研究了活性炭在原生硫化铜矿细菌浸出中对铜与铁离子吸附的影响。研究结果表明,活性炭浓度和pH值对活性炭吸附铜和铁离子有重要影响,活性炭对铜和铁离予的吸附量随活性炭浓度增加而增加。在原生硫化铜矿石细菌浸出的初始阶段,添加活性炭可以大大加快铜的浸出速度和提高铜的浸出率,在600h内,铜的浸出率可以达到79％,比不添加活性炭时提高了68％。     

Effect of rare-earth doping on adsorption of carbon atom on ferrum surface and in ferrum subsurface: A first-principles study

The adsorption of carbon atom on Fe surface and in Fe subsurface with and without rare earth (La and Ce) substitution in the surface layer and subsurface layer was studied by first-principles calculations. The carbon atom is predicted to adsorb at hollow and long bridge site on Fe(100) and Fe(110), respectively. However, the carbon atom shifts to occupy preferentially hollow site on both Fe(100) and Fe(110) with rare earth atom doping at surface layer. The lower adsorption energies involved with stronger adsorption abilities were obtained for carbon atoms on Fe surface with rare earth doping at surface layer, which was determined by the electronic structure of the surface atoms. The La atom was pulled out the surface after carbon adsorption due to strong interaction of La–C, which is consistent with the more charge transfer. In the subsurface region, the carbon atom prefers to occupy at octahedral site with rare earth doping at surface layer in Fe slab. These strong adsorption energies of the carbon atoms on Fe surface and in Fe subsurface with rare earth pose relevant insights into the interaction between carbon and rare earth, which helps to understanding the influence mechanism of rare earth in carburizing.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of aluminum inhibited leaching during ion-adsorbed type rare earth ore leaching process

Molecular dynamics simulation was adopted to study the interaction between sulfosalicylic acid and aluminum,lanthanum and yttrium,and adsorption on kaolinite surfaces.A complexation reaction occurs between sulfosalicylic acid and aluminum,with an interaction energy of-10472.05 kJ/mol.O—Al covalent bonds are formed with a peak value of 7.93,while there is only weak adsorption between sulfosalicylic acid and rare earth ions.A hydrogen bonding reaction with 13605.82 kJ/mol energy occurs between sulfosalicylic acid and the surface of kaolinite(100).Thus,sulfosalicylic acid can form a complex with free aluminum ions,and can also be adsorbed on kaolinite by hydrogen bonding with aluminum in kaolinite(100) surfaces.Leaching of ion-adsorbed type rare earth ore was performed with aluminum inhibited,results show that when sulfosalicylic acid dosage increases from 0 to 0.15 wt%,aluminum ion concentration in the leaching solution decreases from 273.23 to 47.19 mg/L.And the effect of leaching pH value on the effect of sulfosalicylic acid on aluminum inhibition was studied,the result shows that,when the leaching pH value is 4.0—5.0,the rare earth leaching rate and the aluminum ion concentration basically remain unchanged.The molecular dynamics simulation results were verified by detection and analysis of XPS and SEM.     

共沉淀分离-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定含难熔金属岩石中12种稀土元素

准确测定稀土元素含量,对是否开采含难熔金属岩石的矿山中稀土元素具有重要指导意义。实验采用Na₂O₂在750℃马弗炉中熔融样品,熔融体冷却后用盐酸(1+4)转入烧杯中,往溶液中加入氨水,以样品做载体,共沉淀分离除去钠盐及能与氨水形成络氨离子的金属元素,沉淀物用稀氨水洗涤、热稀盐酸溶解,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定试液中La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Ho、Er、Dy、Tm、Yb、Y,建立了含难熔金属岩石中12种稀土元素的测定方法。各元素校准曲线的线性范围为0.10~25μg/mL,方法的检出限0.20~1.0μg/g。按照实验方法测定含难熔金属岩石物料中La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Ho、Er、Dy、Tm、Yb、Y等12种稀土元素,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)为3.2%~6.2%,加标回收率为90%~110%。实验方法可用于含难溶金属岩石中稀土元素含量为0.001%~0.50%(质量分数)的测定。     

Synthesis and spectral characteristics of La2MoO6：Ln3＋ （Ln=Eu, Sm, Dy, Pr, Tb） polycrystals

The novel phosphors of La 2 MoO 6 activated with the trivalent rare earth Ln 3+ (Ln=Eu, Sm, Dy, Pr, Tb) ions were synthesized by solid state reactions at high temperature in air atmosphere, and their phase impurities and luminescent properties were studied. The photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, and decay curves were employed to study their luminescence properties. The lifetimes of the characteristic emissions from Ln 3+ ions were in the order of millisecond except Pr 3+ ions. (LaEu 1-x ) 2 MoO 6 was a promising phosphor for practical application and the optimum concentration was x=0.075. The concentration quenching mechanism of Eu 3+ was also discussed by theoretical fitting using Burshtein model.     

共沉淀分离-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定含难熔金属岩石中12种稀土元素

准确测定稀土元素含量,对是否开采含难熔金属岩石的矿山中稀土元素具有重要指导意义。实验采用Na₂O₂在750℃马弗炉中熔融样品,熔融体冷却后用盐酸(1+4)转入烧杯中,往溶液中加入氨水,以样品做载体,共沉淀分离除去钠盐及能与氨水形成络氨离子的金属元素,沉淀物用稀氨水洗涤、热稀盐酸溶解,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定试液中La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Ho、Er、Dy、Tm、Yb、Y,建立了含难熔金属岩石中12种稀土元素的测定方法。各元素校准曲线的线性范围为0.10~25μg/mL,方法的检出限0.20~1.0μg/g。按照实验方法测定含难熔金属岩石物料中La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Ho、Er、Dy、Tm、Yb、Y等12种稀土元素,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)为3.2%~6.2%,加标回收率为90%~110%。实验方法可用于含难溶金属岩石中稀土元素含量为0.001%~0.50%(质量分数)的测定。     

Tb(Ⅲ)Transport in Dispersion Supported Liquid Membrane System with D2EHPA as Carrier in Kerosene

The transport of Tb(Ⅲ)in dispersion supported liquid membrane(DSLM)with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane(PVDF)as the support and dispersion solution including HCI solution as the stripping solution and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid(D2EHPA)dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution,has been studied.The effects of pH value,initial concentration of Tb(Ⅲ)and different ionic strength in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution,concentration of HCl solution,concentration of carrier,different stripping agents in the dispersion phase on the transport of Tb(Ⅲ)have also been investigated,respectively.As a result,the optimum transport conditions of Tb(Ⅲ)were obtained,i.e.,the concentration of HCI solution was 4.0 mol/L,the concentration of D2EHPA was 0.16 mol/L,the volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 30:30 in the dispersion phase and pH value was 4.5 in the feed phase.Ionic strength had no obvious effect on the transport of Tb(Ⅲ).Under the optimum conditions,the transport percentage of Tb(Ⅲ)was up to 96.1% in a transport time of35 min when the initial concentration of Tb(Ⅲ)was 1.0×10-4 mol/L.The diffusion coefficient of Tb(Ⅲ)in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase were obtained and the values were 1.82×10-8 m2/s and 5.61 μm,respectively.The calculated results were in good agreement with the literature data.