泰安市城区岩溶地下水水化学特征及成因分析

岩溶地下水是泰安市城区重要供水水源,近年来随着气候环境变化和人为活动的影响,岩溶地下水水化学特征日趋复杂,但其水化学特征及成因尚不明晰。为识别研究区地下水水化学特征、成因机制,本文采用数理统计方法、离子比值、水化学图解等方法,研究了该区岩溶地下水的水文地球化学特征。结果表明：研究区内岩溶地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3Ca型、HCO3·SO4Ca 型、HCO3·SO4·ClCa型。地下水水化学成分主要受水岩相互作用控制,以溶滤作用为主,地下水中的Ca2+、Na+、HCO-3、SO2-4主要来源于方解石、白云石的碳酸盐岩及石膏、盐岩等蒸发岩的溶解,且存在逆向的阳离子交替吸附作用,导致Ca2+含量增加,Na+含量减少,人为活动影响导致地下水中Cl-、NO-3浓度增加。研究成果为研究区内岩溶地下水的合理开发与保护提供了依据。     

大汶河流域中游地下水水化学特征及水质评价

通过对大汶河流域中游地区40件地下水样品进行测试分析,运用统计分析法分析了水化学指标特征,采用单因子评价法、模糊综合评价法进行了地下水水质评价。结果表明:1.地下水中pH值的含量相对稳定,K~+,Fe,Mn,NH~+_4,NO~-_2,Pb空间变异性较强;地下水中主要阳离子是Na~+,Ca~(2+),主要阴离子是SO■,Cl~-,NO~-_3。2.TDS、总硬度含量呈现由研究区东部柴汶河、牟汶河上游地区至西部大汶河下游河谷平原区,由东南部低山丘陵区至西北部山间沟谷地区逐渐增大的趋势。3.水质评价结果显示,大汶河流域中游地区地下水质量整体较差,多为Ⅳ类水和Ⅴ类水,无法满足当地居民的生活饮用水要求。研究成果为流域内水资源的合理开发利用提供了理论依据,为将来水资源保护提供了基础资料。     

济南泉域岩溶水水化学特征

通过分析研究济南泉域代表性点多年水质动态变化资料,及2010年枯水期、丰水期各53份水质分析资料,总结了区内代表性点多年水质变化规律,并对2010年枯水期、丰水期主要水化学指标的分布、变化规律进行了分析对比,为保护济南泉域地下水提供了参考.     

潍坊市城区地下水水化学特征及质量评价

为详细了解和掌握潍坊市城区地下水化学特征及质量状况,该文在潍坊市城市地质调查的基础上,共采集地下水样品400件,并进行了样品分析测试。基于检测结果,选用单因子评价法和综合评价法对地下水质量进行了综合评价研究。结果表明,研究区北部为海(咸)水入侵区,水质极差,面积827.04 km~2,中部为主城区,受人类工农业活动影响,水质较差,面积911.52 km~2,南部水质较好,面积670.46 km~2,良好区和优良区在区内零星分布,面积52.64 km~2;研究区地下水化学类型自北向南呈带状分布,北部为Cl-Na型水,向南过渡为Cl·HCO_3-Ca·Mg型水,最后变为HCO_3-Ca型水。     

济南西部地区地下水水化学特征及演变机理浅析

对济南市济西水源地一个水文年地下水水化学特征进行研究发现:补给区→径流区→排泄区地下水水化学类型演化过程为SO_4·HCO_3-Ca型→HCO_3·SO_4-Ca型与HCO_3-Ca型→HCO_3-Ca型。形成地下水水化学类型这一转变的原因为从补给区到径流区岩性变化的结果。地下水水化学演变机理研究认为,岩石风化及溶解作用是形成研究区独特地下水水化学演化规律的主导自然因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地查布水源地地下水水化学特征及其影响因素

根据94件水化学样品的分析结果,对查布水源地地下水水化学特征及其空间分布规律进行了研究,并结合含水层沉积环境及补径条件探讨了地下水化学成分的影响因素,以期为水源地水质保护提供依据。结果表明：地下水水化学类型呈现明显的水平分带性,东部地下水中阴离子以HCO3^-为主,地下水水质一般较好,矿化度多小于1g／L;西部地下水中阴离子以SO4^2-、Cl^-为主,水质变差,矿化度明显增高;研究区硝酸盐污染比较明显,F^-局部超标,矿化度超标也比较明显;水质受含水层的沉积环境和地下水补径条件及人畜活动的影响明显。水源地开采后,其影响会加大,因此应制定合理的水源地保护方案。     

肥城盆地区域地下水化学特征及水质评价

为了解肥城市地下水水化学特征及水质状况,选取20个地下水水质分析数据,综合运用统计分析、Piper三线图,Gibbs图及离子比值等水化学方法,分析了地下水水化学特征,基于模糊综合评价法,对地下水进行了质量评价。结果表明,研究区地下水中阳离子以Ca^2+,Mg^2+为主,阴离子则以HCO^-3,NO^-3,SO 2-4为主,阴、阳离子分别存在HCO^-3>NO^-3>SO 2-4>Cl-和Ca^2+>Mg^2+>Na^+>K^+的关系。TDS介于325.0~1720.0 mg/L之间,均值为741.55 mg/L。地下水呈弱碱性,且属高硬水。地下水化学类型以HCO 3-Ca,HCO 3·SO 4-Ca为主,水-岩作用是地下水水化学组分的主要控制因素,主要受碳酸盐岩的风化溶解控制。研究区地下水以Ⅱ,Ⅲ类水为主,占65%,但Ⅴ类水所占比重也较大,占到了35%。     

柳林泉域岩溶地下水资源开发利用现状分析

通过对柳林泉域岩溶地下水开发利用现状进行系统分析研究,,总结出柳林泉域岩溶地下水资源在开发利用中存在的主要问题,得出实施柳林泉域内保护岩溶水水质、水量和污水处理回用及节约用水等工程性措施同步协调进行的结论.     

鲁中南岩溶发育的控制因素

地质构造、气候、水动力条件对鲁中南地区丰富多彩的岩溶形成起着控制作用。下古生界特别是中寒武统上部及中、下奥陶统的碳酸盐岩是该区岩溶发育的基础,新生代继续活动的断裂构造把被非可溶岩分割的碳酸盐岩岩层串通成统一的水文系统。新生代多期的上升运动,使该区持续保持较大的地形高差和积极的水文交替条件,特别是该区的泰山、鲁山、沂山、蒙山等均由前寒武系变质岩及岩浆岩组成,它们在新生代的漫长地质历史时期,直至今日均高于周围的可溶岩分布区,造成了该区岩溶发育可经常受到强大的外源水影响的基本格局。     

湘西北地区岩溶旋回及新构造遥感信息特征

根据2000.TM遥感影像信息特征,湘西北地区有NEE向、NNE向和近SN向3类新构造带,各新构造带岩溶发育阶段,分别相当于中年期、青年期和幼年期.岩溶发育各阶段表现出不同的岩溶地貌、流水地貌和岩溶水文地质特征,反映了新构造运动由强烈活动→趋向稳定平静的过程.     

长江中游沿岸地下水中铵氮与磷的共存规律及其控制因素

长江中游平原区面临着一系列严重的地质环境问题,其中地下水铵氮和磷的问题十分突出,但目前对于二者共存规律的认识还十分薄弱。以长江中游沿岸故道区为典型研究区,对采集的地下水样品进行了水文地球化学分析,并综合运用因子分析和随机森林模型探讨了铵氮和磷的赋存规律。结果表明：地下水整体处于还原环境中,NH₄-N的质量浓度为0.03～71.0 mg/L(均值9.92 mg/L),P的质量浓度为0.02～3.38 mg/L(均值0.51 mg/L)。地下水中高浓度的铵氮与磷均主要为天然成因,但铵氮与磷的迁移富集过程存在差异：铵氮的迁移富集与含氮有机质矿化过程密切相关;磷的迁移富集与铁氧化物或氢氧化物的还原性溶解密切相关,而含磷有机质矿化是磷富集的次要过程。Eh很低的地下水环境易产生高浓度铵氮的地下水,相对中等的还原环境会产生高浓度的磷但通常不会伴生高浓度的铵氮;当地下水中S^2-,DOC,I均处于相对较高的浓度水平时会伴生大量的铵氮,而磷的浓度在很大程度上受控于Fe²⁺浓度;当DOC,I和Fe²⁺浓度都高时,通常会出...     

Energy Balance of Irrigated Intercropping Field in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River Basin

1 Introduction Most of the solar radiation that ecosystem seizes is con- sumed on latent, sensible and soil heat flux. Among them, latent heat flux shares the biggest part (Gutierrez and Meizer, 1994; Ham et al., 1991; Rachidi et al., 1993). The radiation budget and the energy balance are crucial to water conversion and effective water utilization. Also, they are important parts of research of water-saving ag- riculture (Mo et al., 1997). At present, the researches on radiation budget and e…     

江汉平原地下水化学特征及水流系统分析

江汉平原水质性缺水问题日益突出,识别江汉平原地下水流系统分布模式,对地下水资源的合理利用与保护具有重要意义.选取江汉平原典型区域,综合水文地质条件、水动力场及水化学同位素指标深入分析地下水补给过程、水岩作用及滞留时间.得出由于碳酸盐岩的溶解,研究区的地下水化学类型属于HCO3-Ca (Mg)型.地下水中典型离子随深度增加逐渐降低,同位素随深度增加逐渐偏负,表现出地下水流系统呈局部与区域水流系统的特点,系统深度界限在10~20m.独立而复杂的局部水流系统在平枯水期地下水向河渠地表水排泄.根据3H的含量,局部水流为现代水,水循环交替迅速.受地形控制,中深层地下水总体由西和西北向东和东南径流,汇入汉江和长江,为区域水流系统.由于补给源的高程效应,区域水流的18O值存在明显分区,指示不同的补给来源与水流路径.山前丘陵区基本为现代水,向平原腹地纵深至汉江和长江排泄区,地下水年龄在几百年至6000a不等,水循环交替缓慢.研究发现江汉平原低洼排泄区存在区域水流的顶托补给,可为原生劣质水的分布与聚集研究提供依据.     

Multiple Time-scale Characteristics of Runoff Variations in Middle Reaches of Huolin River and Their Effects

The Huolin River is one of the most important water sources for Xianghai wetland, Horqin wetland, and Chaganhu wetland in the western Songnen Plain of Northeast China. The annual runoff series of 46 years at Baiyun- hushuo Hydrologic Station, which is located in the middle reaches of the Huolin River, were analyzed by using wavelet analysis. Main objective was to discuss the periodic characteristics of the runoff, and examine the temporal patterns of the Huolin River recharging to the floodplain wetlands in the lower reaches of the river, and the corresponding effects of recharging variation on the environmental evolution of the wetlands. The results show that the annual runoff varied mainly at three time scales. The intensities of periodical signals at different time scales were strongly characterized by local distribution in its time frequency domain. The interdecadal variation at a scale of more than 30yr played a leading role in the temporal pattern of runoff variation, and at this scale, the runoff at Baiyunhushuo Hydrologic Station varied in turn of flood, draught and flood. Accordingly, the landscape of the floodplain wetlands presented periodic features, es- pecially prominent before the 1990s. Compared with intense human activities, the runoff periodic pattern at middle (10-20yr) and small (1-10yr) scales, which has relatively low energy, exerted unobvious effects on the environmental evolution of the floodplain wetlands, especially after the 1990s.     

Impact of climatic factors on vegetation dynamics in the upper Yangtze River basin in China

It is necessary to understand vegetation dynamics and their climatic controls for sustainable ecosystem management.This study examines the vegetation dynamics and the effect of climate change on vegetation growth in the pristine conditions of 58 woodland National Nature Reserves(NNRs)located in the upper Yangtze River basin(UYRB)in China which are little influenced by human activities.Changes in the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),precipitation,and temperature in the selected NNRs were observed and analyzed for the period between 1999 and 2015.The relationship between time-lag effect of climate and changes in the NDVI were assessed using Pearson correlations.The results showed three major trends.1)The NDVI increased during the study period;this indicates an increase in the amount of green vegetation,especially due to the warmer climate during the growing season.The NDVIs in March and September were significantly affected by the temperature of the previous months.Spring temperatures increased significantly(P<0.05)and there was a delay between climatic factors and their effect on vegetation,which depended on the previous season.In particular,the spring temperature had a delayed effect on the NDVI in summer.2)The way in which vegetation responds to climatic factors varied significantly across the seasons.Temperature had a greater effect on the NDVI in spring and summer and the effect was greater at higher altitudes.A similar trend was observed for precipitation,except for altitudes of 1000–2000 m.3)Temperature had a greater effect on the NDVI in spring and autumn at higher altitudes.The same trend was observed for precipitation in summer.These findings suggest that the vegetation found in NNRs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was in good condition between 1999 and 2015 and that the growth and development of vegetation in the region has not been adversely affected by climate change.This demonstrates the effectiveness of nature reserves in protecting regional ecology and minimizing anthropogenic effects.     

准噶尔盆地腹部深层八道湾组致密储层特征及主控因素

综合利用岩心、测井、薄片、扫描电镜及分析化验等资料,分析准噶尔盆地莫索湾—莫北地区侏罗系下统八道湾组致密储层宏观、微观特征及质量主控因素。结果表明:该储层为典型深层低—特低孔、低—特低渗致密碎屑岩储层;砂体主要为浅水三角洲型前缘水下分流河道细粒、中—细粒岩屑类砂岩,成分成熟度和胶结物体积分数低,岩屑和塑性岩屑体积分数高;成岩作用主要包括破坏性压溶作用、胶结作用及建设性溶蚀作用。孔隙垂向上主要位于混合孔—孔隙稳定和次生孔—孔隙增加两个变化带;孔喉为中—细孔—细喉型,大小、分布、连通性及渗流能力较差。储层质量(物性)主控因素为沉积相带、成岩作用和异常压力,共同决定储层原始和现今物性。该研究结果为深化盆地深层致密油气储层勘探开发提供依据。     

Controls on geomorphic characteristics of the Xiaohei River basin in the upper Lancang-Mekong,China

Understanding the evolution of the fluvial geomorphology in an orogenic belt provides valuable insight into the relationship between upper crustal deformation and surface processes.The upper Lancang-Mekong River is in an area experiencing both uplift and erosion.The related processes provide a steady sediment supply to the lower reaches of the river and play an important role in the regional environmental changes.The Xiaohei(Weiyuan)River Basin is an important sub-basin in this area,which is characterized by large-scale topographic fluctuations,active tectonics and erosion,and anthropogenic activities.These different factors introduce numerous complexities to the local surface processes.In this study,we investigate and quantify the controls of geomorphic evolution of the Xiaohei River Basin.We located and mapped the main knick-zones within the channels and examined the main genetic factors,such as faults and stratigraphic differences.The results show that the areas with the lowest uplift rates are characterized by a low steepness index and are located in the southeastern part of the basin.The stream power of the mainstream increases downstream,with an average value of^122 W/m.The erosional activity of the various stream channels is intense.Overall,the basin tends to expansion,with only local instances of inward contraction.Our analysis confirms that a number of the geomorphic evolutionary characteristics of the Xiaohei River Basin are transient.In addition,the future potential for the increasing the number of dams and the hydropower development in the basin may weaken the expansion trend of the basin over a long period of time.     

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of typical heavy metals in Huanghe River estuary,China

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The geochemical characteristics and potential controlling factors of colloidal Zn, Cd, and Pb in Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary (HRE), China were investigated....     

川中安岳—磨溪地区灯影组储层特征及控制因素

川中安岳—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组地质年代久远、地层埋藏较深且受多期构造运动影响,储层特征研究难度大.分析研究区灯影组岩心和薄片资料,对储层岩石和储集空间类型及特征进行识别和分类,并研究岩心物性特征.结果表明:川中安岳—磨溪地区灯影组储层发育主要受到岩溶作用、古地貌、沉积相及构造运动影响和控制.岩溶作用和后期构造作用决定了储层储集性能,岩溶作用是研究区储层发育的主控因素;储层为一套溶蚀孔洞型白云岩储层,主要分布于灯四、灯二段,是油气聚集的有利区带.该研究结果为川中安岳—磨溪地区灯影组储层勘探开发提供参考.     

滇中高原岩溶关键带典型含水系统水化学特征及成因分析

岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程的研究对于科学认识其内部的演化环境与结构特征具有重要意义。岩溶水是水-岩作用后主要的信息载体, 定量分析其水化学特征及成因是揭示岩溶关键带含水系统介质环境与水动力条件的有效手段。以滇中高原岩溶关键带3个典型岩溶含水系统为研究对象, 通过对不同含水系统出露的岩溶泉进行野外采样与室内测试, 综合采用数理统计分析、水化学图解、离子比例系数与水文地球化学模拟等方法, 深入剖析了各含水系统岩溶水水化学组分特征、成因作用和含水层介质特性, 并对关键带中水循环与水化学的内在联系及规律进行了探讨。结果表明: ①HCO₃-、Ca2+是各含水系统岩溶水中含量最高且来源稳定的离子组分, Mg2+是控制各含水系统水化学类型异化的关键因素; ②碳酸盐岩类的岩石风化、矿物溶解是各含水系统内岩溶水化学组分特征的主要成因作用, 岩溶水对华宁水系统含水层的溶蚀作用仍在发生, 阳离子吸附交替与硅酸盐岩类的风化溶解是区域岩溶水中Na+、K+的重要来源; ③区域岩溶的发育强度、岩溶含水层的出露条件及含水介质岩性与连通性共同塑造了滇中高原岩溶关键带不同含水系统地下水化学特性。研究成果丰富了对滇中高原岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程的认识, 为区域岩溶水资源的开发、利用与保护提供基于水化学的证据支撑。