植物提取物抗氧化成分及机理研究进展

自由基对机体的氧化损伤可导致许多疾病的发生,自然界中很多物质具有抗自由基氧化作用。植物是人体外源性抗氧化物质的最重要来源,本文简述了植物提取物多酚、维生素、生物碱、皂苷、多糖、活性肽等抗氧化成分及其抗氧化机理的研究进展,为植物提取物的抗氧化研究开发提供参考。     

干燥方式对迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质 得率及抗氧化活性的影响

通过研究不同生长期对迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质（鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和熊果酸）得率的影响筛选出最佳生长期,在此基础上测定不同干燥方式（阴干、烘干（45 ℃）和晾晒）下迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质得率,DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基清除能力和铁还原力,以考察不同干燥方式对迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：迷迭香抗氧化物质积累的最佳生长期为10个月,3种不同干燥方式中烘干处理的迷迭香所提脂溶性抗氧化物质的得率最大,DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基清除能力和铁还原力均最强,但弱于TBHQ,其清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基的半抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.034、0.068、0.067 mg/mL。因此,采用生长期10个月、烘干处理的迷迭香所提脂溶性抗氧化物质具有较强的抗氧化活性,能较好地保留迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质,适用于工业生产。     

蜂蜜中酚类物质及其抗氧化活性研究进展

酚类物质是蜂蜜中重要的生物活性成分,包括酚酸、黄酮及其衍生物,具有抗氧化活性,可以清除超氧阴离子自由基、过氧亚硝酸盐自由基、脂质过氧化自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS＋ ·、羟自由基等。本文综述了国内外蜂蜜中酚类物质的提取、检测、主要成分及其抗氧化活性的研究进展,旨在为蜂蜜中酚类物质的开发及应用提供依据。     

三都黄饭花香味物质的提取及抗氧化活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取黄饭花中香味物质,然后分别采用清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基法探讨黄饭花香味物质抗氧化活性,实验结果表明,黄饭花香味物质具有一定的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性随浓度的增加而增大,对羟基自由基清除能力最强,其次是DPPH自由基,而对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力最弱,IC50值依次为56.92、1095.02、1300.32μg/m L。     

利用DPPH自由基清除率评价啤酒内源性抗氧化能力

二苯代苦味酰肼(DPPH)自由基被广泛应用于物质的抗氧化力评价。啤酒具有一定的内源性抗氧化能力是由于其含有的抗氧化物质能清除自由基的缘故。本文以DPPH为作用底物,初步建立了采用分光光度法测定DPPH自由基清除率的方法,该值与啤酒的抗氧化能力之间有较高的相关性。     

沉缸酒中抗氧化活性物质初探

通过对沉缸酒延缓脂质氧化发生、抑制自由基链反应进行和清除自由基三方面抗氧化活性的分析首次发现其具有一定的抑制脂质氧化作用,并具有明显的清除DPPH自由基作用。利用活性炭脱色、高效液相色谱荧光分析对沉缸酒中具有抗氧化活性物质的研究发现其中具有荧光特性的组分M具有较强的自由基清除活性。经红外和核磁共振等方法推测,M可能为具有抗氧化活性的美拉德反应产物或多酚类物质。     

玉米须抗氧化物质乙醇提取工艺及清除自由基活性

以提取率为指标,运用单因素试验和响应面优化方法,研究玉米须中抗氧化物质的乙醇提取工艺。考察液料比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数和乙醇体积分数的影响。结果表明,对提取率影响较大的因素是液料比、提取次数和乙醇体积分数,确定最佳提取工艺,即提取溶剂采用80%乙醇,液料比24∶1 mL/g,在60℃下提取90 min,共提取3次。采用该工艺,玉米须中抗氧化物质的提取率为3.72%。考察不同提取率的玉米须抗氧化物质对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除活性。结果显示,乙醇提取的玉米须抗氧化物质可以清除2种自由基,并且其提取率升高不影响对自由基的清除活性。     

黄参不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH抗氧化、对羟基自由基致DNA氧化损伤保护的评价方法,研究了黄参正己烷提取物、二氯甲烷提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物以及甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性的差异。结果表明,黄参不同溶剂提取物均对DPPH自由基具有很好的清除作用,并且能够较好的保护DNA防止羟基自由基对其的损伤,但是不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化能力存在显著差异;在不同溶剂的黄参提取物中,甲醇的提取率最高,但乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化活性最强并且其总酚含量最高。在对DPPH自由基清除试验中,溶剂提取物其总酚含量和抗氧化性的趋势不一致,说明在黄参提取物中除酚类物质外,还存在其它的抗氧化物质。结合Folin-Ciocalteu、DPPH自由基清除率法和DNA损伤保护法分别测定黄参不同溶剂提取物中总酚的含量和抗氧化力,可初步评价黄参的抗氧化特性。     

烘焙条件对苦荞中抗氧化组分及抗氧化活性的影响

研究烘焙条件对苦荞中抗氧化组分及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,烘焙能显著改变苦荞的抗氧化活性,在80℃环境下烘焙15 min后,总抗氧化能力、·OH清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力达到较高水平。因此,苦荞烘焙条件选择80℃烘焙15 min较好。同时,苦荞中酚类物质、黄酮类物质与总抗氧化能力、·OH清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力之间呈显著线性相关。     

采前和采后贮藏对果蔬中抗氧化物质影响的研究进展

自由基是人体正常代谢的产物, 但自由基过量会引发一系列的疾病。越来越多的研究表明, 食用果蔬有助于预防由过量自由基引起的多种疾病, 这主要源于果蔬中富含的各种抗氧化物质。本文主要从采前和采后贮藏保鲜两个阶段对果蔬组织中的抗氧化物质(重点包括总酚、总黄酮、抗坏血酸、花青素)以及抗氧化能力的影响因素及其影响效果进行了较为全面的综述。     

食品中没食子酸丙酯的定量分析研究进展

没食子酸丙酯作为一种常见的抗氧化剂已被广泛应用于食品行业。它作用于油脂自动氧化产生的游离基，形成稳定、低能量的抗氧化剂游离基，从而可使油脂的氧化反应不再传播进行。介绍了没食子酸丙酯的反应机理，并对没食子酸丙酯的测定方法进行了综述。     

Antioxidant activity of proteins and peptides

Proteins can inhibit lipid oxidation by biologically designed mechanisms (e.g. antioxidant enzymes and iron-binding proteins) or by nonspecific mechanisms. Both of these types of antioxidative proteins contribute to the endogenous antioxidant capacity of foods. Proteins also have excellent potential as antioxidant additives in foods because they can inhibit lipid oxidation through multiple pathways including inactivation of reactive oxygen species, scavenging free radicals, chelation of prooxidative transition metals, reduction of hydroperoxides, and alteration of the physical properties of food systems. A protein's overall antioxidant activity can be increased by disruption of its tertiary structure to increase the solvent accessibility of amino acid residues that can scavenge free radicals and chelate prooxidative metals. The production of peptides through hydrolytic reactions seems to be the most promising technique to form proteinaceous antioxidants since peptides have substantially higher antioxidant activity than intact proteins. While proteins and peptides have excellent potential as food antioxidants, issues such as allergenicity and bitter off-flavors as well as their ability to alter food texture and color need to be addressed.     

ORAC分析法的发展和应用

自由基与多种人类疾病的发生都有着密切的关系。在清除自由基的过程中,抗氧化剂发挥着重要的作用。因此,了解抗氧化剂的作用和能力就变得至关重要。ORAC分析法（Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity,氧自由基吸收能力）是目前被普遍接受的一个检测抗氧化能力标准评价方法。该法具有接近机体生理反应、操作简单,认可度和灵敏度高、准确性和重现性佳,高通量,不易受人为因素干扰等优点,被广泛用于食品,保健品,药品等抗氧化能力评价。     

Assay of the antioxidant capacity of foods using an iron(II)-catalysed lipid peroxidation model for greater nutritional relevance

The formation of free radicals by the iron-catalysed Fenton reaction is a major cause of oxidative damage in the body. Here a common assay of antioxidant capacity, inhibition of the β-carotene-linoleic acid model of lipid peroxidation, has been modified by the addition of ferrous iron (final concentration 36 μmol/l), which makes the rate of oxidation of the lipids occur 25 times faster. Such an assay can simulate the oxidative damage to membrane lipids and low density lipoproteins occurring in the body in the presence of free iron. It thus may be nutritionally more relevant than traditional chemical assays of antioxidant capacity, as it measures pre-emptive antioxidant activity, i.e. activity which prevents free radicals being formed in the first place. Pre-empting their formation is likely to be more protective than scavenging of free radicals. The relative antioxidant activity of some food products found using this new assay was very different from that found using a radical-scavenging assay. Vitamin C, at 280 mg/l, was found to be 60 times better than blackcurrant puree in scavenging free radicals, but only one eighth as good as the blackcurrant puree in preventing iron-catalysed lipid peroxidation.     

天然花青素的抗氧化机制及功能活性研究进展

花青素是一类广泛存在于被子植物中的天然水溶性色素,因特殊的化学结构而具有较强的抗氧化活性,在食品、药品、护肤品等领域广泛应用。花青素的抗氧化性是其生理活性的基础,本文综述了花青素可能的抗氧化机制,包括减少活性氧积累和清除自由基、激活酶抗氧化系统、减少DNA损伤、与金属离子发生作用;从抗肿瘤作用、抑菌作用、对脂类、糖类代谢的调节作用、抗疲劳和抗衰老作用、调节肠道菌群和保护视力六方面介绍了花青素的功能活性,以期为进一步拓宽花青素的应用领域提供理论参考。     

3种食品天然植物包材的抗氧化活性成分对比研究

The antioxidant components and antioxidant functions of three commonly used natural food packaging materials, including Indocalamus leaves, reed leaves and lotus leaves were investigated. The active components were extracted by ultrasonic extraction. The contents of total phenols and total flavonoids, the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide radicals scavenging activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS+ free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and reducing power of plant extracts were determined. The relation between antioxidant functions and antioxidant active ingredients was tested. The results indicated that the contents of total phenols and total flavonoids in lotus leave were higher than these of Indocalamus leaves and reed leaves, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The total phenol content of three plants was extremely significantly correlated with the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide radicals scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS+ scavenging activity, total antioxidant and reducing power (P<0.01). The total flavonoid content was extremely significantly correlated with the total antioxidant and reducing power (P<0.01), and significantly correlated with the ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability (P<0.05). The content of isoquercitrin was high in Indocalamus leaves, and reed leaves and the content of luteolin-6-c-glucoside was high in reed leaves and lotus leaves. These ingredients contained the 4-carbonyl group, 2, 3-double bond and o-dihydroxy group of B ring. In summary, Indocalamus leaf, reed leaf and lotus leaf contained many kinds of polyphenols, which have strong free radicals scavenging activity and other antioxidant function.     

果蔬中多酚类化合物双向调控Nrf2/Keap1信号通路的研究进展

果蔬中含有丰富的多酚类化合物,其含有的酚羟基中邻位酚羟基极易被氧化,有较强捕捉活性氧等自由 基的能力,因此能够清除自由基和淬灭活性氧。Nrf2（NF-E2-related factor 2）信号通路是增强机体抗氧化功能最 重要的保护性信号途径,在细胞抵御氧化应激机制中有着重要的地位,是抗氧化研究领域的热点。本文通过阐述 Nrf2/Keap1（Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1）信号通路及其调节方式,讨论Nrf2在肿瘤化学预防和促进癌症发 生中的双重作用,重点介绍和归纳了果蔬中几种典型的多酚类物质对Nrf2/Keap1信号通路双向调控作用的分子机 制,以期为利用果蔬多酚开发健康绿色食品和药品提供一定的理论依据。     

抗氧化肽及其研究进展

抗氧化肽具有抑制脂质过氧化和清除自由基的功能,维持人体自由基的平衡,提高机体抗衰老、抗疾病的能力。阐述了抗氧化肽的分类制备、构效关系及体外检测方法,旨在使之更好地应用于抗氧化肽食品、化妆品和饲料领域。     

Free radicals and antioxidants in food and in vivo: What they do and how they work

A wide variety of oxygen free radicals and other reactive oxygen species can be formed in the human body and in food systems. Transition metal ions accelerate free‐radical damage. Antioxidant defenses, both enzymic and nonenzymic, protect the body against oxidative damage, but they are not 100% efficient, and so free‐radical damage must be constantly repaired. Nonenzymatic antioxidants are frequently added to foods to prevent lipid peroxidation. Several lipid antioxidants can exert prooxidant effects toward other molecules under certain circumstances, and so antioxidants for food and therapeutic use must be characterized carefully. Methods of measuring oxidative damage and trapping free radicals in vivo are briefly discussed. Such methods are essential in checking proposals that increased intake of food‐derived antioxidants (such as antioxidant vitamins) would be beneficial to humans.