水合二氧化硅/丁苯橡胶复合材料性能研究

研究了在水合二氧化硅制备过程中对其产品质量的影响因素;乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂(A-151)改性水合二氧化硅,改性水合二氧化硅具有良好的疏水性;并用改性水合二氧化硅补强丁苯橡胶,考察了补强后橡胶的拉伸强度、定伸应力等力学性能。当盐酸浓度为40%时制得的水合二氧化硅改性后补强丁苯橡胶所得复合材料综合性能最佳。     

TESPT制备的网状白炭黑对SBR胶料的有效补强

在二氧化硅粒子之间预先形成网状,然后用作橡胶补强剂.网状二氧化硅可改善轮胎的燃料热值,同时消除在使用偶联剂的传统补强体系中产生的早期硫化和乙醇产生的缺陷.以不同用量的3,3'双(3-乙氧基甲硅烷丙基)四硫化物(TESPT)偶联剂制备网状二氧化硅.网状二氧化硅补强的丁苯橡胶胶料显示出较低的填料-填料间相互作用和高的橡胶-填料间相互作用,同时降低胶料的滚动阻力,这会延长轮胎的使用寿命和提高汽车的燃料热值.     

偶联剂对淀粉/丁苯橡胶复合材料性能的影响

采用乳液共混法制备了淀粉/丁苯橡胶(SBR)以及间苯二酚甲醛树脂(RF)改性淀粉/SBR复合材料,考察了偶联剂对2种复合材料硫化特性、力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜观察了其相态结构。结果表明,各种偶联剂都能在一定程度上提高淀粉/SBR复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度,其中γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)和N-β(氨基乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-792)的增强效果最为显著;采用RF对淀粉进行改性,RF改性淀粉/SBR复合材料的力学性能较之淀粉/SBR复合材料的力学性能有了进一步提高。橡胶相与淀粉相界面结合的改善是RF改性淀粉/SBR复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因。     

偶联剂KH-570对木薯淀粉/天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响

采用偶联剂KH-570对木薯淀粉/NR复合材料进行改性,研究了偶联剂KH-570对复合材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明:加入KH-570后,木薯淀粉/NR复合材料的定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度提高;当KH-570用量为3％时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳.SEM分析表明,KH-570增强了木薯淀粉与天然橡胶间的界面结合;加...     

偶联剂KH-550改性煅烧高岭土对NBR胶料性能的影响

采用4种改性方法，研究偶联剂KH-550改性煅烧高岭土对NBR胶料性能的影响。结果表明，改性煅烧高岭土填充NBR胶料的ML和MH增大，焦烧时间缩短，溶液法和球磨法改性的煅烧高岭土对胶料的硫化有延迟作用；改性煅烧高岭土填充NBR硫化胶的300％定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度均明显提高；经热空气老化后定伸应力和拉伸强度提高，拉断伸长率下降；耐3＃标准油的性能有所提高，其中以球磨法改性煅烧高岭土的补强效果最好。扫描电镜分析表明，偶联剂KH-550能显著改善NBR与高岭土之间的界面作用。     

环氧化杜仲胶改性三元乙丙橡胶/白炭黑复合材料的制备与性能

研究了环氧化杜仲胶(EEUG)用作界面改性剂对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/白炭黑复合材料综合性能及白炭黑在EPDM橡胶基体中分散性的影响,并与偶联剂KH-550和常用的大分子界面改性剂EPDM接枝马来酸酐(EPDM-g-MMH)进行了对比。结果表明,EEUG、KH-550和EPDM-g-MMH都能降低白炭黑引起的硫化延迟效应,减轻白炭黑聚集,提高其分散性;随着EEUG用量增加,硫化胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、300%定伸应力及扯断伸长率明显增大,耐磨性提高,EEUG可用作EPDM/白炭黑复合材料的界面改性剂。     

硅酸盐纳米短纤维补强HNBR复合材料的性能研究

将原位改性针状硅酸盐（FS）与氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）机械共混制备FS／HNBR复合材料，研究FS的干燥、改性剂种类与用量对复合材料物理性能的影响。试验结果表明，改性FS在HNBR中分散良好，复合材料具有短纤维补强橡胶的应力-应变特性和明显的各向异性；FS的加入可显著提高复合材料的100％定伸应力、拉伸强度和压缩模量；当偶联剂KH-570用量为4～6份时，复合材料的物理性能最佳；干燥FS补强的复合材料具有更好的拉伸性能并可在高温下仍然保持良好的压缩性能。     

协同改性凹凸棒石对补强三元乙丙橡胶性能的影响

利用硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂协同改性凹凸棒石,研究改性凹凸棒石填充三元乙丙橡胶力学性能的变化规律,借助红外光谱以及交联密度和热分析,探讨改性凹凸棒石对复合橡胶的补强机理.结果表明:当偶联剂总添加量为凹凸棒石质量的4％,其中钛酸酯偶联剂为偶联剂总用量的45％时,填充复合橡胶的力学性能最好,与相同用量硅烷偶联剂改性凹凸棒石填充复合橡胶相比,其扯裂伸长率提高了47.78％,拉伸强度提高了27.87％,与钛酸酯改性凹凸棒石填充复合橡胶相比,其100％和300％变形时的定伸应力分别提高了72.49％和90.07％.交联密度和Fourier红外光谱分析证实:凹凸棒石表面接枝的有机官能团能促使复合橡胶网络交联结构的形成.     

偶联剂KH-792对淀粉/SBR复合材料结构和性能的影响

使用氨基硅烷偶联剂KH-792制备了淀粉／SBR复合材料，对比考察了2种工艺中KH-792的不同用量对材料硫化性能、力学性能和微观相态结构的影响。结果表明，KH-792应用工艺的不同使得其反应性发生变化。突出体现于材料硫化性能的差异，但2种应用工艺下KH-792能在一定程度上提高复合材料的力学性能：在工艺Ⅰ中．能有效提高复合材料的定伸应力；在工艺Ⅱ中，能够赋予复合材料更加优异的拉伸强度和撕裂强度。SEM显示．工艺Ⅱ中填料在橡胶基体中的分散更为精细，界面结合更好。     

纳米SiO2粉体有机化程度的表征及评价

采用热分析法研究了硅烷偶联剂KH-570、KH-590、KH-792与纳米SiO2粉体间的缩合反应过程,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了KH-792用量与纳米SiO2粉体表面硅羟基峰面积之间的关系,考察了KH-570、KH-590、KH-792改性纳米SiO2粉体填充溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)复合材料的性能。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂与纳米SiO2在90℃左右发生缩合反应,用缩合度可表征硅烷偶联剂对纳米SiO2粉体的改性程度;KH-792的用量为1~3份时,改性纳米SiO2粉体表面的硅羟基缩合度显著增加。3种偶联剂改性纳米SiO2均能改善SSBR复合材料的力学性能,其中KH-570的改性效果较差;当KH-590或KH-792用量为3份时,复合材料的力学性能最佳。KH-590或KH-792改性的纳米SiO2粉体在橡胶基体中的分散性明显得到改善,用其填充SSBR复合材料在应变试验范围内的储能模量变化值、损耗模量和损耗因子均低于纯SiO填充SSBR复合材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.