普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系V8360抗条锈病基因的遗传分析

普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系V8360具有抗逆性强、抗条锈性强和抗白粉性强等许多优良的生物学特性。用9个中国目前流行的条锈菌生理小种对V8360进行了抗条锈性评价,表明该易位系具有良好的抗条锈性。以条锈菌小种CYR32对V8360与感病品种铭贤169配置的F1、F2、F3和BC1代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析,并对其中一个F2代群体进行了SSR标记。结果表明,V8360对条锈菌CYR32的抗病性由1对显性核基因控制,暂命名为Yr V8360。从329对SSR引物中筛选到位于小麦4AL染色体上的4个SSR位点Xwmc161、Xgwm565、Xgwm494和Xcfd257与该基因连锁。     

簇毛麦易位系V9125-2抗条锈基因YrWV的遗传分析和SSR分子标记

[目的]对高抗条锈病的簇毛麦易位系V9125-2进行研究,明确其抗病性遗传特点,并对其抗条锈病基因定位,为选育优质抗源材料提供依据.[方法]采用中国当前流行的7个条锈菌生理小种CYR29、CYR30、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33以及Su11-4、Su11-11对簇毛麦易位系V9125-2和铭贤169的杂交后代进行...     

中梁12小麦抗条锈病基因遗传分析与SSR分子定位

中梁12具有抗逆性强、适应性广、抗条锈性强等许多优良的生物学特性。为明确其抗条锈性及遗传规律,利用当前流行的中国条锈菌小种CYR30对抗病品种中梁12与感病品种铭贤169及其杂交后代代F1、F2、F3和BC1代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析,并对其抗条锈基因进行SSR分子标记。结果表明,中梁12对CYR30小种具有良好的抗性,由1对显性基因控制,暂命名为YrZh12。该基因与位于小麦7AL染色体上的4个SSR位点Xwmc695、Xcfd20、Xbarc121和Xbarc49连锁,其中最近的侧翼位点为Xcfd20和Xbarc121,其遗传距离分别是3.1cM和4.9cM。系谱分析YrZh12基因可能来自抗引655,由于7AL染色体上没有其他抗条锈病基因,YrZh12可能是一个抗条锈病的新基因。     

源于中间偃麦草的抗条锈基因YrCH223的遗传分析及SSR定位

CH223是一个衍生于中间偃麦草的多抗性小偃麦种质系,通过感病的小麦品种与八倍体小偃麦TAI7047杂交、回交选育而成。抗性鉴定表明,CH223对我国当前小麦条锈病的流行小种CYR32,CYR33均有良好抗性。利用CH223与感病品种(系)的F2,F2∶3和BC1抗性分离群体进行抗性遗传分析,发现其条锈病抗性来自中间偃麦草,且由1对显性基因控制,暂时命名为YrCH223。用CYR32对来自台长29×CH223的221个F2植株进行接种鉴定,并构建抗、感DNA池。共筛选738对SSR引物,发现5对共显性SSR标记与抗病基因连锁,位置顺序为:Xgwm540-Xbarc1096-YrCH223-Xwmc47-Xwmc310-Xgpw7272,遗传距离分别为21.9,8.0,7.2,12.5,11.3 cM。进一步利用中国春缺体-四体和双端体材料扩增鉴定,将YrCH223定位于小麦4B染色体的长臂上(4BL)。经F2∶3群体验证,5个标记与YrCH223连锁。迄今为止,在4BL上未发现有公开报道的抗小麦条锈病基因。因此,基于抗病基因所在的染色体位置与来源,推断YrCH223是一个新的抗条锈病基因。     

普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系T6BS·6BL-2VS的选育(英文)

[Objective] The aim of experiment was to provide a new germplasm for wheat breeding by further using desirable genes in 2V chromosome of Haynaldia villosa.[Method] Through hybridization between common wheat(Triticum aestivum)-Haynaldia villosa disomic substitution line and common wheat Nonglin26-3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis disomic addition line,the analysis methods such as chromosome C-banding,genomic in situ hybridization and molecular marker technique were comprehensively applied and combined characters investigation.[Result] The wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocation line(T6BS·6BL-2VS)was selected from hybrid progenies to conduct characters investigation,which found some bristles on glume ridge of T6BS·6BL-2VS.[Conclusion] The translocation line induced by gametocidal chromosome was a small segment translocation line and the gene of bristle on glume ridge of Haynaldia villosa was located between the middle and the terminal of 2VS.     

小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图#br#

【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。     

普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系的抗条锈性遗传研究

[目的]对普通小麦一柔软滨麦草易位系的抗条锈性进行遗传分析。[方法]以普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M853-2、M853-4、M8657-1l、M8657-4及M853-1为材料,用中国小麦条锈菌条中29号、条中30号、条中31号、条中32号、水源11_4和水源11-11共6个生理小种对其抗条锈性进行评价,进而对2个易位系M853-2和M8657-1的抗条锈性进行遗传学分析。[结果]5个易位系的抗病谱存在明显差异,初步推测5个易位系所包含的抗条锈基因不尽相同;M853-2对条锈茵系CY31的抗条锈性由2对基因控制,对Su11-11的抗条锈性由1对显性基因控制;M8657．1对条锈菌CY31的抗条锈性由2对基因控制,对Su11-11的抗条锈性由l对隐性基因控制。[结论]小麦一柔软滨麦草易位系的抗条锈性由主效基因所控制,可将其作为重要抗源在抗锈育种中有目的地加以利用。     

小麦-簇毛麦单体异附加材料外源染色体减数分裂行为的研究

 借助基因组原位杂交技术检测小麦 簇毛麦单体异附加材料中的外源染色体 ,并结合细胞学分析 ,追踪研究减数分裂期外源染色体的遗传行为。结果表明 ,在中期I ,2份单体异附加材料花粉母细胞 (PMCs)中的二价体配对频率比预期值低 ,出现了未配对的小麦单价染色体 ,附加的簇毛麦 6V染色体在一定程度上干扰小麦同源染色体的正常配对 ;在后期I ,2 0 .3%～ 2 9.3%PMCs中的 6V染色体落后 ,2 9.0 %～ 34.1%PMCs中的 6V姐妹染色单体提早分裂 ,18.2 %～ 2 6 .1%PMCs中的 6V染色体随机走向一极 ,6V染色体断裂的频率为 1.2 %～ 2 .9% ,同时有少量小麦染色体也发生了不规则分裂现象 ,表明附加的 6V染色体也影响小麦染色体后期的正常分离。另外 ,在减数分裂后期 ,观察到 1.2 %的PMCs中有簇毛麦 6V染色体和小麦染色体发生重组易位的现象。这为小麦与簇毛麦染色体间产生易位提供了依据。     

巨麦6号抗叶锈病基因的推导和分子定位

巨麦6号在田间表现出很好的抗叶锈性,鉴定其抗叶锈病基因对小麦抗叶锈病育种具有重要意义。在小麦苗期对36个含有已知抗叶锈病基因的对照品种和巨麦6号接种15个中国小麦叶锈菌小种进行抗叶锈病鉴定,推导巨麦6号中可能含有的抗叶锈病基因。以巨麦6号为抗病亲本与感病品种郑州5389进行杂交、自交获得F1、F2代群体,苗期利用叶锈菌小种FHBQ接种F2代群体进行抗叶锈病遗传分析。结果表明,巨麦6号中可能含有已知抗叶锈病基因Lr1,其抗叶锈性由1对显性的抗病基因控制。利用与Lr1共分离的STS标记WR003进一步检测F2单株DNA,结果显示,该标记与抗叶锈病基因共分离,进一步证实巨麦6号携带已知抗叶锈病基因Lr1。     

普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M8657-4抗条锈病基因的遗传分析

[目的]对普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M8657-4的抗条锈病基因进行遗传分析,明确其抗条锈病基因及遗传特点。[方法]用中国小麦条锈菌CYR29、CYR30、CYR31、CYR32、Su11-4及Su11-11共6个生理小种对易位系M8657-4的苗期抗条锈性进行评价;采用常规杂交法对M8657-4的抗条锈病基因进行遗传分析。[结果]易位系M8657-4对中国小麦条锈菌具有良好的抗性;M8657-4对菌系CYR29和Su11-4的抗锈性由2对核基因（互补作用）控制,对CYR31的抗锈性由1对隐性核基因控制,对Su11-11的抗病性,M8657-4做母本时由2对基因（互补作用）控制,M8657-4做父本时由1对隐性基因控制。[结论]易位系M8657-4的抗条锈性由主效基因控制,可将其作为优良种质加以开发利用。     

The Meiotic Behavior of an Alien Chromosome in Triticum aestivum-Haynaldia villosa Monosomic Addition Lines

By the combination of cytological analysis and using genomic in situ hybridization technique to identify an alien chromosome in wheat-Haynaldia villosa monosomic addition lines, we studied the meiotic behavior of the alien chromosome. The results indicated that the frequency of bivalent pairing was lower than the value expected in PMCs of two monosomic addition lines, the frequency of wheat chromosomes unpairing increased, and the wheat homologous chromosome pairing was interfered with by the added chromosome 6V at metaphase I. The chromosome 6V lagged in 20.3% -29.3% of PMCs, sister chromatids 6V early divided in 29.0% - 34.1% of PMCs, the single chromosome 6V in 18.2% - 26.1% of PMCs went to a pole randomly,the breakage frequency of chromosome 6V was 1.2% - 2.9%. Meanwhile, it was also found that several wheat chromosomes showed earlier division, lagging and breakage in a few PMCs. It revealed that the added chromosome 6V influenced the behavior of wheat chromosomes at anaphase. It was also found that the translocation was produced between 6V and wheat chromosomes in 1.2% of PMCs. It offered evidence for translocation between wheat and Haynaldia villosa 6V chromosomes.     

小麦品种中梁88375抗条锈病基因的分子作图

【目的】中梁88375是甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所以中4/S394//咸农4号复合杂交选育而成的冬小麦品系,对小麦三锈免疫。明确其抗条锈病基因及遗传特点,建立与其连锁的微卫星标记,以利于抗源筛选和培育持久抗病新品种。【方法】将中梁88375与感病品种铭贤169杂交、自交和测交并对双亲及其杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定。用小麦条锈菌条中31号对其进行遗传分析;采用SSR技术,选用普通小麦的320对微卫星引物对中梁88375及铭贤169的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增和电泳分析。【结果】中梁88375对多个条锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对CY31的抗病性由1对显性核基因控制,把该基因暂命名为Yr88375。建立了与Yr88375连锁的6个微卫星标记Xgwm335、Xwmc289、Xwmc810、Xgdm116、Xbarc59与 Xwmc783,并将Yr88375定位于小麦5BL。距离Yr88375 最近的两个微卫星位点是Xgdm116、Xwmc810,遗传距离分别是3.1 cM和3.9 cM,最远的标记Xwmc783与Yr88375之间的遗传距离为13.5 cM。【结论】系谱分析结合分子标记结果表明,Yr88375很有可能是一个来自中间偃麦草(E.intermedium)并与已知抗条锈病基因不同的新基因。     

Molecular Mapping of Two Novel Stripe Rust Resistant Genes YrTp1 and YrTp2 in A-3 Derived from Triticum aestivum × Thinopyrum ponticum

Loss of variety resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici) is an important factor causing massive periodical epidemic of rust in wheat production. Creation and development of new races of rust pathogen have led to serious crisis of resistance loss in widely planted varieties. This has quickened the search for new resistance resources.Molecular marker could facilitate the identification of the location of novel genes. A line A-3 with high resistance(immune) to currently epidemic yellow rust races (CY29, 31, 32) was screened out in offspring of Triticum aestivum ×Thinopyrum ponticum. Segregation in F2 and BC1 populations indicated that the resistance was controlled by two independent genes: one dominant and one recessive. SSR markers were employed to map the two resistant genes in the F2 and BC1 populations. A marker WMC477-167bp located on 2BS was linked to the dominant gene with genetic distance of 0.4 cM. Another marker WMC364-208bp located on 7BS was linked to the recessive-resistant gene with genetic distance of 5.8 cM. The two genes identified in this paper might be two novel stripe rust resistant genes, which were temporarily designated as YrTpl and YrTp2, respectively. The tightly linking markers facilitate transfer of the two resistant genes into the new varieties to control epidemic of yellow rust.     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdm116, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL. Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

普通小麦-簇毛麦6VS/6AL易位系抗病性在不同小麦遗传背景中的传递

小麦条锈病和小麦白粉病是中国小麦的两大病害，由南京农业大学细胞遗传研究所培育的小麦-簇毛麦6VS／6AI。易位系高抗白粉病，并对中国当前新优势条锈菌生理小种表现高抗。用6VS／6AL易位系与中国不同小麦生产区的栽培品种宁春4号、扬麦5号、扬麦158、申32109、豫麦13、豫麦18等进行杂交，对其杂种后代进行田间抗条锈病和抗白粉病鉴定。从各杂交组合中均选出对白粉病和条锈病高抗的单株和株系，其抗病性在小麦不同遗传背景中可以正常表达。对从F3～F8代中选出的抗病材料进行根尖染色体C-分带和分子原位杂交鉴定，在所鉴定的高抗单株和株系中均含有一对或一条6VS／6AL易位染色体。     

小麦-十倍体长穗偃麦草广谱抗锈易位系的鉴定及分析

【目的】从普通小麦与十倍体长穗偃麦草的杂交、回交后代中,获得对小麦条锈病流行混合小种具有广谱抗性的新种质。【方法】对普通小麦与十倍体长穗偃麦草的杂交、回交后代材料进行条锈病鉴定、农艺性状调查、分子细胞学和品质相关性状分析。【结果】这批材料在苗期普遍表现为轻度感病,但成株后则完全高抗或免疫,对8份材料进行了连续三年的人工接种鉴定,抗性表现十分稳定。对多种致病小种具有很好的抗性,根尖细胞染色体条数均稳定在42条,农艺性状良好。原位杂交分析显示这些材料中含有同一个易位片段,即在4DS末端有一来自长穗偃麦草St基因组的小片段易位,其中一个品系（GDR3）还携带一个未能准确定位的小片段易位,该材料对混合小种的抗性优于其它材料。推测这2个小片段易位上均含有新的抗条锈病基因。高分子量麦谷蛋白分析表明,这批材料均含有优质亚基14+15。【结论】与小麦相比,其野生近缘物种中可能含有更多的广谱抗性基因,是其在恶劣自然环境下生存的遗传基础,也为小麦抗病育种提供了新抗源。     

小麦抗条锈基因Yr52在品种改良中的应用

【目的】 评价小麦高温成株期（high temperature adult plant,HTAP）抗条锈病基因Yr52在生产中的应用价值,选育出农艺性状优良并高抗小麦条锈病品系,为充分利用现有高温成株期抗病资源、提高相关产量性状奠定基础。【方法】 通过回交和自交结合分子标记辅助选择育种方法,将小麦抗条锈病基因Yr52转育到轮选987（LX987）、百农矮抗58（AK58）和邯6172（H6172）中。在四川绵阳和陕西杨凌鉴定圃,用小麦条锈菌流行生理小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34混合侵染,鉴定抗病基因载体品系和受体品种以及它们的高代家系的成株期抗病性。比对中国春参考基因组,结合Yr52两翼SSR分子标记Xcfa2040（6.8 cM-Yr52）和Xbarc182（1.2 cM-Yr52）,在目标基因物理区间内寻找35K SNP芯片标记,并开发成dCAPS和KASP分子标记,对BC₂F_5:6高代群体进行抗条锈病基因Yr52的检测。【结果】 抗病性鉴定和农艺性状评价表明,在19个具LX987背景的BC₂F_5:6家系中,抗条锈性表现为高抗（IT=0—3,DS=1%—20%）有11个,中抗（IT=4—6,DS=15%—30%）有8个,平均千粒重（TKW）、每穗穗粒数（KPS）、单株有效分蘖（PTN）、株高（PH）和穗长（SL）分别为45.33 g、46粒、7个、113.26 cm和10.05 cm。4个具AK58背景BC₂F_5:6家系全部表现高抗（IT=0—3,DS=5%—25%）;平均TKW、KPS、PTN、PH和SL分别为44.67 g、48粒、7个、96.54 cm和10.17 cm。5个具H6172背景的BC₂F_5:6家系全部表现高抗（IT=0—3,DS=5%—20%）;平均TKW、KPS、PTN、PH和SL分别为43.74 g、49粒、8个、109.72 cm和10.06 cm。分子标记检测结果表明,Yr52两翼连锁的分子标记Xbarc182、Xcfa2040和Xwmc557在后代群体中的检出率分别为78.57%、66.67%和66.67%,并成功开发出1个dCAPS标记Xdcaps-Yr52-1和1个KASP标记Xkasp-Yr52-1,两者在群体中的检出率分别为73.68%和41.67%。通过比较高抗（IT=0—3）与中抗（IT=4—6）水平家系的农艺性状,结果表明,IT在0—3的家系平均TKW（P>0.05）、PTN（P>0.05）和KPS（P<0.05）高于中抗水平的家系。结合各亲本抗病性和农艺性状筛选出PH为80—105 cm、PTN≥6个、KPS≥45粒、TKW≥42 g、SL≥8 cm的材料共5份。【结论】 Yr52仍对当前主要流行小种具有成株期抗性;将Yr52导入中国主栽感病小麦品种中,选育出综合抗病性和农艺性状良好的高代材料可用于培育多基因聚合的品种,丰富抗病基因的多样性,并实现持久利用。     

Molecular Screening and Resistance Evaluation of American Wheat Cultivars to Chinese Stripe Rust Races

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the major diseases of wheat in China. In order to asses the resistance levels and existing Yr genes among 59 wheat cultivars （lines） from the Pacific Northwest （PNW） of the United States, to provide resistance resources for genetic improvement of wheat stripe rust resistance in China, 59 wheat cultivars （lines） from PNW of the United States were infected by 3 mixed races of predominant Chinese stripe rust races CRY31, CRY32, and CRY33 to evaluate their resistance at seedling and adult plant stages, and screened with molecular markers tightly linked to currently effective all-stage resistance genes YrlO, Yrl5 and adult plant resistance genes Yrl8, Yr39. Of 59 American cultivars （lines）, five cultivars （lines）, Expresso, 02W50076, ACS52610, WA008012, and WA00801833, had all-stage resistance, showing resistance to mixed races of CRY31, CRY32, and CRY33 at both seedling and adult plant stages. 33 cultivars （lines） had adult plant resistance, only showing resistance to stripe rust at adult stage. Based on the molecular screening, none of the 59 PNW cultivars （lines） had the polymorphic bands of linked markers to YrlO. There were 12, 33 and 29 cultivars （lines） which bad polymorphic bands of linked markers to Yr15, Yr18 and Yr39, accounting for 20, 55 and 49% of the 59 PNW cultivars （lines）, respectively. All these results suggested that Yr15, Yr18 and Yr39 were widespread among PNW cultivars （cultivars） and could be utilized in Chinese wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.     

小麦-小黑麦抗条锈病杂交后代种质农艺性状及细胞分子遗传学分析

黑麦具有优良的遗传多样性,是改良小麦品质、产量和抗性的重要亲本之一,是丰富小麦种质资源的一条重要途径。在远缘杂交的基础上对16份普通小麦与小黑麦的杂交品系进行条锈病抗性鉴定、农艺性状分析、细胞分子遗传学鉴定及相关品质分析,并对可能导入小麦中的外源染色体(片段)进行了多方面定位。鉴定出9个小麦×小黑麦1BL/1RS易位系、1个代换系和2个1BL/1RS易位系/代换系;抗病鉴定结果表明9个杂交品系在苗期和成株期对条锈病均表现为高抗,可为小麦抗条锈病育种提供抗源;高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析显示16个品系中,HMW-GS组成类型以最常见的Null、7+8、2+12出现的频率最高,其中P174在16份材料中的综合得分最高,符合小麦种一级麦的标准;田间农艺性状和品质测定结果表明12个小麦品系的容重达到一级麦标准,赖氨酸含量的变化范围为2.8~4.4 g/kg。通过该结果以期鉴定出一批田间抗性优良和有价值的中间材料,为抗条锈病育种工作提供新的种质资源。     

小麦条锈病抗性基因研究进展及在育种中的应用

概述了近年来已命名和暂命名的小麦条锈病抗性基因的来源、染色体定位、分子标记研究及基因克隆状况,回顾了我国抗性品种与生理小种对抗的演变,并从抗条锈病基因抗性表达的发育期、遗传方式、抗性状况、在生产中出现的频率及遗传研究方法几个方面对小麦抗条锈病基因加以评价,为小麦抗条锈基因的利用和研究提供参考.同时浅析了分子标记在小麦抗条锈基因聚合育种中的应用