Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of GhHYDRA 1 Gene,a Homologue of HYDRA1 Gene From Upland Cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.）

Beside as precursors of BRs biosynthesis,more and more evidences supposed that phytosterols play an important role in plant growth and development.To investigate the effects of phytosterols on the fiber development of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)and the molecular base of sterol regulating cotton fiber growth,a homologue of HYDRA1 was cloned from upland cotton(cv.Xuzhou 142)by screening cotton fiber EST database and contigging the candidate ESTs.The GhHYDRA1 encoded a polypeptide of 218 amino acid residues and the deduced amino acid sequences had high homology with the members of HYDRA1 in Populus trichocarpa,Solanum tuberosum,and Arabidopsis thaliana.Moreover,GhHYDRA1 had comparable transmembrane regions to AtHYDRA1 in sequence,length,order,and spacing,except for a C-terminal polylysine cluster.Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the higher expression levels of GhHYDRA1 gene were detected in 6 to 12 DPA(days post anthesis)fibers,while the lower levels were observed in 0 DPA ovule(with fibers)and 16 to 18 DPA fibers.These results indicated that GhHYDRA1 is the homologue of HYDRA1 gene and plays a crucial role in fiber elongation.Furthermore,auxin and BL up-regulated the expression level of GhHYDRA1 while ABA and KT down-regulated the expression level of GhHYDRA1 in cotton ovule and fiber growth.The result suggested that phytosterols play a role in the interaction of plant hormones.     

Exogenous Nitric Oxide Alleviated the Inhibition of Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Iron-Deficient Chinese Cabbage （Brassica chinensis L.）

The effects of exogenous nitric oxide （NO） on plant growth, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as well as lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated in Chinese cabbage plants exposed to iron （Fe） deficiency. Iron deficiency led to serious chlorosis in Chinese cabbage leaves, and resulted in significant decrease in plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm, Ф ps Ⅱ and activities of antioxidant enzymes, and increase in lipid peroxidation. While treatment with SNP, a NO donor, it could revert the iron deficiency symptoms, increased photosynthetic rate as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes, and protected membrane from lipid peroxidation, as a result, the growth inhibition of Chinese cabbage by Fe deficiency was alleviated.     

Monosomic Addition Lines of Flowering Chinese Cabbage （B. campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis L. H. Bailey）-Chinese Kale （B. oleracea L. var. alboglabra L. H. Bailey）

Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid （AAC, 2n = 3x = 29） was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 （tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40） x B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 （diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18） by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines （AA ＋ C2, AA ＋ C3, AA ＋ C4, AA ＋ C6, AA ＋ C7） were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC x AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents     

Cloning and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Non-fermenting-1 Related Protein Kinase （SnRK） in Cucumis sativus L. Under Low Nitrogen Conditions

The sucrose non-fermenting-1 related protein kinase（SnRK）, whose expression is induced by kinds of hyperosmotic stresses, plays a key role in improving stress resistance of plants. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of low nitrogen resistance in cucumber, the full-length cDNA of SnRK gene was cloned in this study. The result showed that SnRK gene was 1 548 bp in length, encoded 515 amino acids, and had more than 80% homology with other crops. The protein encoded by this gene was an unstable and hydrophilic protein with no transmembrane structure and no signal peptide. Under nitrogen-free conditions and low nitrogen conditions, the expression pattern analysis of SnRK gene showed that this gene was up-regulated and its expression increased and was significantly higher than the normal level as the nitrogen concentration decreased. In addition, the expression of SnRK gene was also inhibited in the high nitrogen level and was significantly lower than the normal level. The result of this study would help us understand the molecular mechanism of low nitrogen resistance in cucumber.     

Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiles of Myrosinase Gene（RsMyr2） in Radish（Raphanus sativus L.）

Myrosinase is a defense-related enzyme and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into a variety of compounds, some of which are toxic to pathogens and herbivores. Many studies revealed that a number of important vegetables or oil crops contain the myrosinase-glucosinolate system. However, the related promoter and genomic DNA sequences as well as expression profiles of myrosinase gene remain largely unexplored in radish（Raphanus sativus）. In this study, the 2 798 bp genomic DNA sequence, designated as RsMyr2, was isolated and analyzed in radish. The RsMyr2 consisting of 12 exons and 11 introns reflected the common gene structure of myrosinases. Using the genomic DNA walking approach, the 5′-flanking region upstream of RsMyr2 with length of 1 711 bp was successfully isolated. PLACE and PlantCARE analyses revealed that this upstream region could be the promoter of RsMyr2, which contained several basic cis-regulatory elements including TATA-box, CAAT-box and regulatory motifs responsive to defense and stresses. Furthermore, recombinant pET-RsMyr2 protein separated by SDS-PAGE was identified as myrosinase with mass spectrometry. Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression profiles of RsMyr2 in leaf, stem and root at different developmental stages（e.g., higher expression in leaf at cotyledon stage and lower in flesh root at mature stage）. Additionally, the RsMyr2 gene exhibited up-regulated expression when treated with abscisic acid（ABA）, methyl jasmonate（MeJA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）, whereas it was down-regulated by wounding（WO） treatment. The findings indicated that the expression of RsMyr2 gene was differentially regulated by these stress treatments. These results could provide new insight into elucidating the molecular characterization and biological function of myrosinase in radish.     

Molecular Related Indexes Assessment and Traits Correlation Analysis of Turbot（Scophthalmus maximus L.） by Using SSR Marker Correlation Coefficient in Turbot

Five molecular related indexes： MOL, SIM, d2, H0and PIC of 15 turbot parent pairs were estimated by using 10 SSR loci, which were used in correlation analysis with growth traits, DIL and DIW, of family filial from those 15 parent pairs.DIL and DIW were regressed on the MOL, SIM, d2, H0and PIC. Results showed MOL of five SSR loci（12, 17, 24, 81 and 85） and SIM of five loci（17, 21, 24, 81and 85） all shared significant positive correlation with DIL（r=0.482, P=0.035 and r=0.479, P=0.035, respectively）; H0of six SSR loci（11, 17, 21, 24, 26 and 85） had significant positive correlation with DIW（r=0.551, P=0.017）; PIC of two SSR loci（9and 26） had significant positive（r=0.519, P=0.024） correlation with DIL, while that and of four loci（17, 24, 27 and 85） had significant negative correlation（r=-0.519,P=0.024）, with DIL. This present study suggested that filial growth expression could be predicted by using molecular related indexes in turbot breeding practice, and the accuracy of prediction depends on more SSR loci, especially associated with QTL.