铝基体喷涂Al2O3-TiO2/NiCoCrAlY系梯度涂层的抗热震性能

在ZL104铝合金基体上喷涂了Al2O3-TiO2／NiCoCrAlY系梯度涂层和Al2O3-TiO2非梯度涂层,对这两种试样进行了室温←→400℃冷热循环试验,以研究涂层的抗热震性能和热震失效机制。结果表明：Al2O3-45%TiO2与基体热膨胀系数的差异所产生的热应力是热震过程中涂层剥落的主要原因,涂层成分的梯度变化缓解了热应力,提高了抗热震失效能力;在热震循环过程中试样的弯曲是由基体和涂层材料膨胀系数、导热系数的差异以及铝基体的塑性变形造成的,这种变形使涂层产生残余拉应力,降低了涂层的抗热震性能。     

双送粉激光熔覆CoCrAlSiY/YSZ梯度涂层微观组织及热振性能

采用双送粉方式,利用激光熔覆技术在TC4基体上制备CoCrAlSiY/Y2O3-ZrO2（YSZ）梯度涂层。对CoCrAlSiY/YSZ梯度涂层的微观组织、元素分布、显微硬度及热振性能进行了分析与研究,结果表明：梯度涂层与基体结合紧密,各梯度亚层之间不存在明显的界面,梯度涂层无明显裂纹,形成了良好的冶金结合;随着YSZ含量的提高,梯度涂层显微硬度呈梯度变化。在750 ℃下进行了不同循环周期的热振试验,试验结果表明CoCrAlSiY/YSZ梯度涂层具有一定的抗热振性。     

以粉煤灰和Al-TiO_2-B_2O_3为原料制备玻璃/陶瓷复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能

以粉煤灰为主要原料,并添加质量分数为10%的Al-TiO2-B2O3,采用热化学反应法在Q235钢基体上制备了玻璃/陶瓷复合涂层(放热体系涂层),研究了该涂层的物相组成、截面形貌、抗热震性能、显微硬度以及耐磨性能;并制备了不添加Al-TiO2-B2O3的常规粉煤灰玻璃/陶瓷复合涂层作为对比涂层。结果表明:放热体系涂层中产生了NaB15、TiB2、Na2B4O7、Ca2Al2SiO7等新相,涂层界面结合良好,显微硬度最高可达到700HV0.1,在700℃室温的热震次数可达50次以上;其耐磨性能相对Q235钢和常规玻璃/陶瓷涂层的分别提高了9.67倍和0.63倍。     

碳钢表面等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的制备及表征

采用不同的喷涂功率,在Q235钢表面喷涂氧化铝涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、金相照相机和显微硬度计表征不同功率下Al2O3陶瓷涂层的成分、表面和界面形貌、金相组织以及显微硬度.结果表明,等离子喷涂能在碳钢表面形成结构致密的Al2O3陶瓷涂层,其与基体的结合主要以冶金的机械结合为主,硬度较基体有明显提高.XRD分析表明,陶瓷涂层中主要的成分是稳定的γ-Al2O3相,存在少量的α-Al2O3,同时还有极少量的其他多晶相和非晶相.     

氧化镧掺杂对等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-40%TiO_2涂层组织和耐磨性能的影响

在45#钢基体上大气等离子喷涂制备了Al2O3-40%TiO2(AT40)以及添加不同含量La2O3稀土的陶瓷涂层,利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对涂层的组织结构和形貌进行了研究,并分析了涂层的显微硬度和磨损性能.研究结果表明:添加稀土的AT40涂层主要是由Al2O3、Al2TiO5和LaAl11O8相组成.基体与粘结层以及陶瓷层与粘结层之间形成良好的机械结合界面.添加稀土的涂层孔隙率降低,显微硬度和断裂韧性略有增加.在相同的摩擦磨损试验条件下,稀土/AT40涂层比AT40涂层具有更好的耐磨性,磨损机制都主要是脆性剥落磨损和粘着磨损.     

化学气相沉积Ti(CN)/TiC/Al_2O_3多层涂层的结构和耐磨性能

采用化学气相沉积技术在42CrMo钢基体表面制备了Ti(CN)/TiC/Al2O3多层涂层,分析了多层涂层的断面形貌、元素分布和物相组成,并研究了多层涂层的显微硬度及其与基体的界面结合力、耐磨性能。结果表明:Ti(CN)/TiC/Al2O3多层涂层的结构较致密,主要由TiC0.2N0.8、TiC、α-Al2O3和Ti2O3组成,厚度约10μm,其显微硬度约2 654HV,涂层与基体间的界面结合力可达62N;与基体相比,多层涂层的平均摩擦因数约降低了23%,磨损量约减少了50%,其磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损。     

等离子喷涂NiAl/Al2O3梯度陶瓷涂层的结构与组织特征

利用等离子喷涂方法制备了NiAl/Al2O3梯度陶瓷涂层,并对涂层的组织分布、相结构、硬度和孔隙率进行了研究.结果表明:梯度涂层的组织表现出宏观不均匀性和微观连续性的分布特征,是由α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3、δ-Al2O3、Ni、NiO以及镍铝金属间化合物等多种相组成的复合材料;梯度涂层中NiAl合金层的孔隙最少,表面纯陶瓷层孔隙率最高;随着Al2O3含量的增加,涂层的硬度逐渐增大.     

不同温度下沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN复合涂层的物相结构和性能

采用高温化学气相沉积技术,于1 000～1 100℃在WC-6%Co硬质合金基体表面制备了TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN复合陶瓷涂层,研究了复合涂层的物相、表面和横截面形貌、显微硬度、界面结合强度和耐磨损性能。结果表明:沉积温度为1 000℃时,复合涂层中Al2O3层为κ相和α相共存;当沉积温度升至1 050℃和1 100℃时,Al2O3层为单一的α相;1 050℃下沉积复合涂层的表面平整、结构致密,1 000℃沉积复合涂层中的TiCN层存在少量孔洞,1 100℃下沉积复合涂层中TiCN层的柱状晶沿某一方向生长比较明显,较高的沉积温度加速了钛元素向Al2O3层的外扩散;1 050℃下沉积复合涂层的显微硬度最大,为1 828HV,该涂层的耐磨损性能最佳,其与基体间的结合强度最高,临界载荷为135.2N。     

陶瓷增强相对金属-陶瓷复合涂层的影响

对电弧喷涂几种不同陶瓷增强相的Fe复合涂层的特点和性能进行了研究，在20钢基体上喷涂含陶瓷TiB2／Al2O3，TiB2-Cr3C2，TiB2，Cr3C2及TiB2-Cr3C2-Al2O3的管状喷涂丝材，采用光学显微镜和XRD对涂层的微观特性进行分析，结果表明，涂层中含有TiB2，Al2O3，Cr3C2，Cr3O2等陶瓷相。通过对涂层常规性能测试表明，含TiB2／Al2O3和Cr3C2的涂层孔隙率较低、结合强度高、并具有优良的耐磨性及抗热震性能。     

爆炸喷涂Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层及其对2Cr10MoVNbN钢疲劳性能的影响

采用爆炸喷涂方法在2Cr10MoVNbN钢基体表面制备了Cr3C2-NiCr涂层,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪、显微硬度计、电子拉伸试验机、X射线应力仪、疲劳试验机等分析测试了涂层的缺陷、显微硬度、断裂韧度、结合力、残余应力、疲劳性能等,主要研究了涂层对基体疲劳性能的影响.结果表明:在2Cr10MoVNbN钢基体上采用爆炸喷涂方法制备的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的孔隙率为0.5%,表面硬度为921 HV,断裂韧度为3.67 Mpa·m1/2,涂层与基体的结合强度为63 Mpa,涂层表面、涂层/基体界面处均处于压应力状态;爆炸喷涂Cr3C3-NiCr涂层明显降低了2Cr10MoVNbN钢基体的疲劳性能,在应力幅小于500 Mpa时,与基体试样相比,涂层试样的疲劳寿命减少了75%以上,疲劳强度下降了134.7 Mpa,涂层试样的疲劳裂纹源出现在涂层/基体界面的Al2O3夹杂物处.     

新型3-PCRNS球面3自由度并联机构

提出一种新型3-PCRNS球面3自由度并联机构,其分支运动链由一个带环形导轨的移动副PC,一个转动副RN (下标N表示三个分支中转动副的轴线都交于一点)和一个球铰S构成。运用约束螺旋理论,对该机构的自由度、奇异位形和输入选取进行分析。在一般非奇异位形下,该机构中三个PCRNS分支运动链对动平台施加三个汇交于机构中心点的约束力,约束机构动平台的3移动自由度,机构具有3转动自由度;在奇异位形下,三个PCRNS分支对动平台施加六个线性相关的约束力,其最大线性无关数为五,机构具有一个绕z轴的瞬时转动自由度。可选用带环形导轨的移动副PC作为主动副,此外该机构动平台绕z轴的转动自由度和其他转动自由度解耦。     

Rosen-type Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystal piezoelectric transformer

In this study, a Rosen-type Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) single crystal piezoelectric transformer is presented. First, we simulate the operation of this transformer using the finite element method and ANSYS. By adjusting the dimensions of the piezoelectric transformer, a maximum voltage step-up ratio of 138 can be obtained at a frequency of 33.8 kHz when the output part is open. Second, we fabricate a transformer with the size of 20 mm length, 4 mm width, and 1 mm thickness to examine the simulation results. It is found that this transformer exhibits a maximum voltage step-up ratio of 134 at 37 kHz, with the efficiency over 95% when driving a liquid crystal display backlight, which shows good consistency with the numerical simulation results. Besides, we investigate the electrical properties under different frequencies and load resistances. When the input voltage increases, a maximum output power of 1 W is obtained with the temperature rise less than 10 degrees C.     

Structural properties of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric thin films on SrRuO3 conducting oxides

Coating of 0.65Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-0.35PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT) relaxor ferroelectrics by a sol-gel method is followed by growth of epitaxial SrRuO(3) (SRO) metallic oxide electrodes on SrTiO(3) (STO) single-crystal substrate by pulsed laser deposition. High-quality PMN-PT films on SRO with preferred growth orientation were successfully fabricated by controlling the operation parameters. Structural properties of relaxor ferroelectric PMN-PT thin films on SRO/STO substrates have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In-plane and out-of-plane alignments of the heterostructure are confirmed and the structural twinning of the materials are also revealed.     

3DXpert金属3D打印斯特林发动机模型

宾夕法尼亚州立大学是世界领先的从事增材制造研究和教育的高等院校之一,拥有很有特色的增材制造与设计工程硕士(MEng AMD)项目。该项目的特色之一是它不仅招收全日制学生,还招收在职工程师,这些工程师可以用宾夕法尼亚州立大学世界校区(网络虚拟校区)在线完成学习。为帮助学生成为技术专家,将其所学的增材制造知识用于实践,该项目将多学科理论知识与亲身实践相结合,学生们可在宾夕法尼亚州立大学增材制造车间获得实践经验。     

并联双三角机构精度分析

并联双三角机构是Stewart平台的一种特殊型式。由于其结构的特点 ,直接精确测量该机构的结构误差有一定困难。文中采用一种有效的误差正解分析方法 ,分析包含球铰、驱动杆长在内的全部结构参数误差以及平台半径的变化对主轴端位姿误差的影响。应用这种误差正解方法可定量地确定结构参数设计精度 ,并能找出特定位姿下的敏感结构参数。为这类并联机器人的设计、制造及装配提供了一种有效的途径     

Evidence of multimicrometric coherent γ′ precipitates in a hot‐forged γ–γ′ nickel‐based superalloy

This paper demonstrates the existence of large γ’ precipitates (several micrometres in diameter) that are coherent with their surrounding matrix grain in a commercial γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloy. The use of combined energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses allowed for revealing that surprising feature, which was then confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Coherency for such large second‐phase particles is supported by a very low crystal lattice misfit between the two phases, which was confirmed thanks to X‐ray diffractograms and TEM selected area electron diffraction patterns. Dynamic recrystallization of polycrystalline γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloys has been extensively studied in terms of mechanisms and kinetics. As in many materials with low stacking fault energy, under forging conditions, the main softening mechanism is discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. This mechanism occurs with preferential nucleation on the grain boundaries of the deformed matrix. The latter is then being consumed by the growth of the newly formed grains of low energy and by nucleation that keeps generating new grains. In the case of sub‐solvus forging, large γ’ particles usually pin the migrating boundaries and thus limit grain growth to a size which is determined by the distribution of second‐phase particles, in good agreement with the Smith–Zener model. Under particular circumstances, the driving force associated with the difference in stored energy between the growing grains and the matrix can be large enough that the pinning forces can be overcome, and some grains can then reach much larger grain sizes. In the latter exceptional case, some intragranular primary γ’ particles can be observed, although they are almost exclusively located on grain boundaries and triple junctions otherwise. In both cases, primary precipitates have no special orientation relationship with the surrounding matrix grain(s). This paper demonstrates the existence of high fractions of large γ’ precipitate (several micrometres in diameter) that are coherent with their surrounding matrix grain, in a commercial γ–γ’ nickel‐based superalloy. Such a configuration is very surprising, because there is apparently no reason for the coherency of such particles.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of dislocation nucleation and motion at γ/γ′ interface in Ni-based superalloy

Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted on the dislocation behavior at the apices and edges of cuboidal Ni₃Al precipitate in a pure Ni matrix, or the idealized γ/γ′ microstructure in a Ni-based superalloy. A tensile simulation of the [001] direction is implemented with a periodic cell that has eight cubic precipitates in order to investigate the nucleation site of dislocation in the idealized microstructure with no defects other than the γ/γ′ interfaces. The effect of residual internal stresses on the stability of the interfaces is also discussed. Other simulations are conducted on the behavior of edge dislocations nucleated from a free surface and proceeding in the γ matrix toward γ′ precipitates under shear force. Dislocation pinning at γ′ precipitates, bowing-out in the γ channel, pile-up and nucleation of superdislocation in the γ′ precipitate are simulated and inspected in detail. Discussions on the size of the γ/γ′ microstructure and the sharpness of the edge of the γ′ precipitate are also presented.     

3-PRR平面三自由度纳米定位平台的设计

本文设计了一种由压电陶瓷驱动的应变片进行检测的平面三自由度纳米定位平台,该平台采用的是平板铰链、直圆铰链及单边V型铰链导向的3-PRR结构。通过建立平台的伪刚体模型及对其进行位姿分析,获得了平台的正、逆解。同时,运用有限元分析方法对平台进行了仿真分析。搭建了3-PRR平面三自由度纳米定位平台测试实验系统对所设计平台进行试验。实验结果显示:3-PRR平台沿x轴、y轴的行程及最大转角分别为-11.32~11.41μm、-12.47~12.76μm、3.63′,对应的分辨率分别为71nm、83nm、1.35″。理论分析结果、有限元仿真结果与实验结果的最大误差分别为5.87%、6.19%,验证了理论分析和有限元仿真的正确性。x轴及y轴的位移输出与应变片的输出电压近似呈正比关系,证实了利用应变片来检测3-PRR平台运动的可行性。