微生物燃料电池阳极改性修饰最新研究进展

阳极是影响微生物燃料电池性能的重要因素之一,开发简易、高效的阳极改性修饰方法对微生物燃料电池的实际应用具有关键作用。对目前微生物燃料电池阳极改性修饰的最新进展展开综述,总结了分析阳极材料的方法,并对阳极修饰方法未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

碳纤维阳极构造对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

微生物燃料电池（MFCs）阳极性能受生物膜的影响,而生物膜则直接与阳极表面积有关。以不同长度和数量的碳纤维丝作为阳极,研究了阳极构造和表面积对MFC输出功率的影响。当阳极为单根长度为1 cm碳纤维丝时,MFC产生的最大功率密度最高,为10.50 W·m^-2,随着碳纤维丝长度逐渐增加（2～14 cm）,MFC产生的最大功率显著下降。以多根的长度为2 cm碳纤维丝构成阳极时,MFC的功率与根数（1～4 根）呈正比,当采用4根2 cm纤维丝时,MFC的最大功率密度为2.92 W·m^-2,该数值为单根8 cm碳纤维丝的2.78倍。观察碳纤维丝长度方向上的生物膜的分布表明：受碳纤维欧姆电阻的影响,在碳纤维丝电流引出端附近的生物量明显大于碳纤维其他地方,这说明：增加纤维丝长度虽可提高阳极的表面积,但并不能提高阳极的产电性能。     

阳极双电层电容对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

采用3种活性炭粉制备具有不同电容的阳极,研究了双电层电容阳极对单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池启动、运行、性能、阳极生物膜附着的影响。结果表明:当电极表面积相近的情况下,阳极双电层电容从0.0012 F增加到22.72 F时,微生物燃料电池启动时间缩短了68.0%,电池的最大功率密度增加了16.8倍,达到546.1 m W·m-2。扫描电子显微镜的结果表明高电容的阳极表面附着的微生物量比低电容电极的高1倍。因此,微生物燃料电池性能受阳极双电层电容的影响,而与阳极表面积的相关性小。     

Copper anode corrosion affects power generation in microbial fuel cells

Non‐corrosive, carbon‐based materials are usually used as anodes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In some cases, however, metals have been used that can corrode (e.g. copper) or that are corrosion resistant (e.g. stainless steel, SS). Corrosion could increase current through galvanic (abiotic) current production or by increasing exposed surface area, or decrease current due to generation of toxic products from corrosion. In order to directly examine the effects of using corrodible metal anodes, MFCs with Cu were compared with reactors using SS and carbon cloth anodes. MFCs with Cu anodes initially showed high current generation similar to abiotic controls, but subsequently they produced little power (2 mW m^‐2). Higher power was produced with microbes using SS (12 mW m^‐2) or carbon cloth (880 mW m^‐2) anodes, with no power generated by abiotic controls. These results demonstrate that copper is an unsuitable anode material, due to corrosion and likely copper toxicity to microorganisms. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

海泥电池Fe_3O_4/PANI复合阳极制备及电化学性能

由FeCl2、FeCl3、樟脑磺酸及苯胺合成Fe3O4/PANI,将Fe3O4/PANI粉末与碳粉按1∶1混合均匀,同聚四氟乙烯乳液调和后,压涂在石磨电极表面,制成Fe3O4/PANI复合阳极并测试其电化学性能。结果表明,改性后阳极表面细菌附着数量提高2倍多,有利于细菌附着。复合阳极抗极化性能明显提高,动力学活性明显增强,电流密度增加,最大功率密度提高到300 mW/m2。该复合阳极可望用于海泥电池的应用开发研究。     

海泥电池Fe3O4/PANI复合阳极制备及电化学性能

由FeCl2、FeCl3、樟脑磺酸及苯胺合成Fe3O4/PANI,将Fe3O4/PANI粉末与碳粉按1∶1混合均匀,同聚四氟乙烯乳液调和后,压涂在石磨电极表面,制成Fe3O4/PANI复合阳极并测试其电化学性能。结果表明,改性后阳极表面细菌附着数量提高2倍多,有利于细菌附着。复合阳极抗极化性能明显提高,动力学活性明显增强,电流密度增加,最大功率密度提高到300 mW/m2。该复合阳极可望用于海泥电池的应用开发研究。     

微生物燃料电池电极材料的最新研究进展

微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell,MFC）,是一种同步废水处理与产能的新技术——以微生物为催化剂降解废水中的有机物,将其中的化学能转化为电能。本文介绍了微生物燃料电池阳极和阴极材料以及电极催化剂的最新研究进展,讨论了提高微生物燃料电池性能的方法,即通过使用纳米材料修饰电极来提高微生物及催化剂的吸附面积、结合不同材料的优点制作复合材料做催化剂来克服单一材料的不足之处,以期研究和开发出高性能的微生物燃料电池;指出微生物燃料电池的应用前景是将微生物燃料电池与其它技术相耦合来提前实现它的实际应用。     

Influences of initial pH on performance and anodic microbes of fed‐batch microbial fuel cells

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of pH on performance and anodic microbes of MFCs (microbial fuel cells), double‐chamber MFCs were fed‐batch operated at four different values of initial pH (4, 5, 6, and 7) and the changes in anodic microbes (species and appearance) were studied. RESULTS: Lower voltage outputs (232–284 mV vs. 311–339 mV) and power generation (95–116 mW m^?2 vs. 182–237 mW m^?2) with faster COD removal were obtained under acidic pH conditions. Simplicispira, Variovorax, Comamonas, and Acinetobacter were the major communities under acidic conditions, while Chlorobi, Aquaspirillum, and Sphingomonas were in the majority under neutral conditions. Anodic biofilms cracked and reduced at pH ≤5. MFCs operated at pH 4 failed to recover optimal electricity generation when pH was readjusted to 7. There were significant correlations between the time‐course pH changes (anodic and cathodic) and voltage outputs of the MFC under neutral conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Injured anodic microbes and biofilms may be the reason for decreased MFC performance under acidic conditions. pH ≤4 may cause long‐term, even irreversible reduction to MFC performances. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

催化剂分布对可渗透阳极微流体燃料电池性能特性影响的研究

微流体燃料电池是一种新型微型电源装置。酸性体系下电池运行时产生的CO₂气泡会严重影响电池性能以及稳定性。研究电池运行过程中气泡动态行为对削弱气泡影响具有重要意义。本文构建具有可渗透阳极的自呼吸微流体燃料电池,实验研究了阳极催化剂分布对电池性能以及CO₂动态行为的影响。结果表明：催化剂分布在阳极两侧时电池性能最好,但电池波动性大。仅在一侧分布催化剂时,电池运行稳定,气泡主要在电解液流道形成。     

催化剂分布对可渗透阳极微流体燃料电池性能特性影响的研究

微流体燃料电池是一种新型微型电源装置。酸性体系下电池运行时产生的CO₂气泡会严重影响电池性能以及稳定性。研究电池运行过程中气泡动态行为对削弱气泡影响具有重要意义。本文构建具有可渗透阳极的自呼吸微流体燃料电池,实验研究了阳极催化剂分布对电池性能以及CO₂动态行为的影响。结果表明：催化剂分布在阳极两侧时电池性能最好,但电池波动性大。仅在一侧分布催化剂时,电池运行稳定,气泡主要在电解液流道形成。     

石墨烯/聚苯胺修饰阳极对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

纳米材料修饰阳极可显著提高微生物燃料电池（MFC）性能,本研究主要探索了石墨烯、聚苯胺和石墨烯/聚苯胺复合修饰电极对MFC产电性能的影响。使用电化学方法电镀石墨烯于碳布表面,进一步通过原位聚合法制备聚苯胺来修饰碳布电极。将修饰电极装载入双室型MFC中,测量其产电性能,并对电极进行表征,测量电化学性能。通过扫描电镜观察到, 碳布能够被修饰上石墨烯和聚苯胺,并且聚苯胺附着于碳纤维或石墨烯薄层表面,形成棒状的纳米结构。产电性能方面,装载石墨烯/聚苯胺修饰电极的MFC最大输出电压最高,达到了（291±22）mV,比装载空白碳布电极的对照组MFC提高了175%以上。石墨烯/聚苯胺电极组MFC的最大输出功率密度同样最高,达到了（653 ± 25）mW·m^-2,为空白碳布对照组的10.5倍。实验结果表明：石墨烯/聚苯胺复合修饰电极可有效利用石墨烯导电性好和聚苯胺生物相容性高的优点,显著提高MFC的产电性能。     

微生物燃料电池阳极材料的修饰研究进展

简要介绍了微生物燃料电池以及微生物燃料电池阳极材料,分别从碳纳米管、导电聚合物、石墨烯、金属及金属离子、中介体以及复合材料等方面介绍了目前微生物燃料电池阳极材料修饰的研究进展,最后展望了微生物燃料电池的应用前景。     

微生物燃料电池纳米纤维基阳极材料的研究进展

微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cell，MFC）是一种非常有前途的环境友好型电化学装置，它可以利用电活性微生物从废水中提取能源，并降解废水中的有机物，是解决目前环境与能源危机的重要技术。然而，相对较低的产电效率限制了其大规模应用，主要体现在阳极缓慢的胞外电子传递速率（extracellular electron transfer，EET）和较少的产电微生物附着量。纳米纤维由于具有高的比表面积、良好的电化学性能和电导率，是改善阳极的重要材料。本文介绍了影响阳极材料性能的因素，系统总结了近年来国内外纳米纤维基阳极材料的种类与制备方法，针对纳米纤维基阳极材料在MFC领域的研究现状，重点解释了各种纳米纤维材料的优缺点。最后，对纳米纤维基电极材料以及MFC技术的发展方向进行了展望，以期为推动MFC的工程化应用提供理论参考。     

Effect of temperature on the performance of microbial fuel cells

Single and double chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were tested in batch mode at different temperatures ranging from 4 to 35 °C; results were analysed in terms of efficiency in soluble organic matter removal and capability of energy generation. Brewery wastewater diluted in domestic wastewater (initial soluble chemical oxygen demand of 1200 and 492 mg L⁻¹ of volatile suspended solids) was the source of carbon and inoculum for the experiments. Control reactors (sealed container with support for biofilm formation) as well as baseline reactors (sealed container with no support) were run in parallel to the MFCs at each temperature to assess the differences between water treatment including electrochemical processes and conventional anaerobic digestion (in the presence of a biofilm, or by planktonic cells). MFCs showed improvements regarding rate and extent of COD removal in comparison to control and baseline reactors at low temperatures (4, 8 and 15 °C), whilst differences became negligible at higher temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C). Temperature was a crucial factor in the yield of MFCs both, for COD removal and electricity production, with results that ranged from 58% final COD removal and maximum power of 15.1 mW m⁻³ reactor (8.1 mW m⁻² cathode) during polarization at 4 °C, to 94% final COD removal and maximum power of 174.0 mW m⁻³ reactor (92.8 mW m⁻² cathode) at 35 °C for single chamber MFCs with carbon cloth-based cathodes. Bioelectrochemical processes in these MFCs were found to have a temperature coefficient, Q10 of 1.6.A membrane-based cathode configuration was tested and gave promising results at 4 °C, where a maximum power output of 294.6 mW m⁻³ reactor (98.1 mW m⁻² cathode) was obtained during polarization and a maximum Coulombic efficiency (Y_Q) of 25% was achieved. This exceeded the performance at 35 °C with cloth-based cathodes (174.0 mW m⁻³; Y_Q 1.76%).     

3D打印微生物燃料电池阳极及其性能特性

微生物燃料电池是一种处理废水同时产生电能的新型装置,阳极作为微生物燃料电池的重要组件极大地影响电池性能。针对微生物燃料电池传统三维电极结构不合理导致电极内部物质传输受限,电池功率密度较低的问题,本文采用3D打印技术并碳化的方式构建了结构可控的微生物燃料电池阳极,通过热重分析得到合适的碳化条件,并通过进一步的电化学分析和电极微观形貌拍摄研究了电极内部孔道结构对微生物生长情况和电池性能的影响。实验结果表明：电极孔径尺寸为0.4mm时,电池具有最优性能,其最大功率密度达12.85W/m²,比采用碳布阳极的MFC提升10倍,较采用碳毡阳极的燃料电池高38%;具有可控孔道结构电极的传荷阻抗和传质阻抗是限制电极性能的主要因素,通过优化孔道尺寸和结构分布可降低其传荷及传质阻抗,可以进一步提升电池性能。