多层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供体术前综合评估中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在活体肾移植供体术前综合评估中的价值.方法 36名活体亲属供肾者术前均行MSCT扫描,前25名行平扫及动脉早期、动脉晚期、排泄期3期增强扫描(对比剂注射流率5 ml/s,总量100 ml,管电压120 kV),后11名行平扫(100 kV)及血管期、排泄期(100 kV)双期增强扫描(对比剂以2 ml/s流率注射40 ml,以4 ml/s流率注射60 ml),均采用排泄期的数据进行CT尿路成像(CTU).将图像与经手术证实的33名受检者术中所见对照,评价MSCT在评估供肾血管、尿路及肾实质情况的价值.对2组不同参数扫描的三维(3D)重组图像质量采用Mannwhitney U精确检验.结果 CT血管成像(CTA)对供肾动静脉主干、副肾动脉、动脉提前分叉、肾静脉主干变异、左肾静脉属支和交通支及CTU对尿路的显示与术中一致.2组三维(3D)血管重组图像质量评分分别为(4.4±1.2)和(4.2±1.3)分,CTU重组图像质量评分分别为(4.6±0.8)和(4.4±0.9)分,差异均无统计学意义(Z值分别为-0.89、-0.47,P值均＞0.05).结论 MSCT可以直观、准确地评价活体供肾者的血管、尿路及肾实质的情况,在活体供肾术前综合评估中起着重要作用.     

64层螺旋CT肾血管成像在肾移植术前评价活体供肾的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT肾血管成像(64-SCTRA)在肾移植术前评价活体供.肾的临床应用价值.资料与方法 对30例(男13例,女17例,年龄25～59岁,平均41岁)活体供肾者行术前64-SCTRA检查,并将其检查结果与移植取肾手术中所见及DSA检查结果相对照.结果 30例均清晰显示.肾动脉14级分支;显示副肾动脉者13例,肾门前动脉分支者6例,肾静脉多支者3例,多重肾动脉并多发狭窄1例.对肾血管的评估结果与取肾术中所见及DSA结果一致.结论 64-SCTRA是肾移植术前评价活体供.肾血管的无创、安全、经济、有效的检查方法.     

64层CT对活体肾移植供体术前应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供体术前临床应用价值。方法:60例活体亲属供肾者术前1周内行64层CT检查,所有供者均采用平扫及动脉期、静脉期、排泄期四步扫描法进行扫描。图像处理采用CPR,MIP及3DVR重建。将CT表现与经手术证实的56名供者术中所见进行对照,评价64层CT在术前评估供肾血管、尿路及肾实质情况的价值。结果:56名手术证实除1例副肾动脉CTA漏诊以外其余动静脉主干、副肾动脉、动脉提前分支,肾静脉主干变异及其属支,尿路及肾实质情况显示与术中一致。结论:64层CT可直观显示活体供肾者肾血管、尿路及肾实质生理及病理改变,对活体供肾者术前综合评估有重要临床价值。     

MSCT在活体肾移植供体术前评估中的价值

目的:评价MSCT在活体肾移植供体术前评估中的价值。方法:采用MSCT对58例活体肾移植供体行平扫、肾动脉期、肾静脉期及排泄期扫描,原始图像传入AW4.2工作站,运用VR、MIP、MPR、CPR等多种后处理技术综合分析评估肾动脉、肾静脉、肾实质及集合系统,并与30例手术结果相对照。结果:所有供体均能清晰显示肾动、静脉主干及分支,副肾动脉,肾动脉过早分支,肾动静脉变异,集尿系统情况,并与手术结果相符合。结论:MSCT能清晰显示供肾的血管结构、肾实质及输尿管情况,能够作为肾移植供体术前检查最重要的影像学方法。     

64层螺旋CT后处理图像在活体肾移植供体术前评估中的应用

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT后处理图像在活体肾供体术前评价中的应用价值。方法:41例活体肾移植供体术前行64层螺旋CT三期增强扫描,其中20例施行供肾摘取手术。所有图像均进行MPR、VR及MIP等图像后处理,观察肾实质、肾动脉、肾静脉及上尿路情况。将术前的CT后处理图像和术中所见进行对照,评价CT后处理图像的敏感性和准确性。结果:41例健康供肾者64层螺旋CT数据经后处理后均获得了满意的CT血管成像(CTA)、CT尿路成像(CTU)及MIP图像。所有病例肾实质及上尿路情况均正常;15例患者21个肾脏中发现25支副肾动脉(25.6%);8例患者发现一侧肾动脉过早分支(9.8%),4例患者发现同侧双支肾静脉(4.9%)。CT后处理图像显示的肾实质、肾脏血管及上尿路情况与手术所见相同。结论:64层螺旋CT后处理图像可准确而全面地评价移植前健康供体的肾实质、肾脏血管及上尿路的情况。     

64层螺旋CT在活体肾移植供体术前评价中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT(64-SCT)在活体.肾移植供体术前评价中的应用价值.资料与方法 对58例活体肾移植供体应用64-SCT进行肾皮质期、实质期、排泄期扫描.所得数据传至Vitrea 2工作站,采用容积再现(VR)、曲面重组(CPR)、多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)等后处理技术重组肾实质、肾血管、肾盂及输尿管图像,其中35例与取肾手术进行对照.结果 58例中双肾动脉单支型40例(68.97%),双肾动脉双支型6例(10.34%).右肾静脉单支型49例(84.48%),双支型9例(15.52%),左肾静脉单支型57例(98.28%).双肾盂、中上段输尿管均未见明显异常.64-SCT对肾动脉、肾盂及输尿管显示的敏感性和特异性均为100%;对肾静脉显示的准确性为97.14%;对单支肾静脉显示的敏感性为100%,特异性为50%.结论 64-SCT能较全面地显示供体肾实质、肾动静脉、肾盂、中上段输尿管解剖及变异,可为临床选择合适的供肾提供可靠依据.     

多层螺旋CT在活体肝移植供体术前血管评估中的价值

目的 探讨MSCT在评价活体肝移植供体肝血管解剖及变异中的价值.方法 对2007-04-2008-05拟作为活体肝移植供体的239例受试者进行MSCT检查,并对其肝血管解剖及变异进行评估.结果 239例受试者中,79例存在肝动脉解剖变异,84例存在肝中动脉起源变异,36例存在门静脉解剖变异,108例出现直径＞3 mm的肝右副静脉,105例存在直径＞5 mm的Ⅷ段分支经过肝切面汇入肝中静脉.结论 MSCT可在术前提供关于肝移植供体的详细、准确的信息,是拟肝移植供体术前血管评估重要的无创性检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT后处理图像对亲属活体供肾术前的综合评价

目的 评价多层螺旋CT(MDCT)后处理图像对亲属活体供肾摘取手术前评估供肾状况的价值.资料与方法 施行开放供肾摘取手术20例,术前全部供者均使用MDCT后处理图像显示供肾血管、上尿路、肾实质及供肾与周围脏器的空间关系,重建层厚和层距采用1.25 mm和1 mm,将术中所见和术后摘取的供肾与术前的CT后处理图像进行对照,评价CT后处理图像的敏感性和准确性.结果 20例供肾者CT数据经后处理后均获得了满意的CT血管成像(CTA)、CT尿路成像(CTU)、多平面重建(MPR)及容积再现(VR)图像,清晰地显示了肾血管的分支、数目、长短、粗细,上尿路的形态,肾实质情况,肾脏与毗邻周围器官的空间立体关系,CT后处理图像显示的肾脏血管情况、上尿路形态、肾实质及供肾与周围脏器的空间关系与手术所见相同.结论 使用MDCT后处理图像可代替DSA、排泄性尿路造影(IVP)及超声检查,准确而全面地评价移植前亲属供体的肾脏血管、上尿路、肾实质及肾脏与周围脏器的空间立体关系.     

MSCT在活体肾移植术前评估中的应用

目的:探讨MSCT在活体肾移植供体术前评价中的价值.方法:174例供肾者接受了MSCT多期扫描,所有图像由2位放射科医师进行分析和评价,记录肾血管和集尿系统的解剖、变异以及其他可能影响肾移植的因素.与术中结果对照,计算MSCT对肾移植供体术前评价的敏感度和特异度.结果:174例供肾者共检出348个肾,61例供肾者可见副肾动脉,26例供肾者存在肾动脉提前分叉,5例供肾者存在肾盂输尿管重复畸形,29例供肾者存在肾静脉畸形,包括副肾静脉、环腹主动脉左肾静脉、主动脉后左肾静脉.47例供肾者进行供肾切除,其中36例行左肾切除术,11例行右肾切除术.MSCT在诊断肾血管和集尿系统解剖方面,敏感度和特异度均为100％.结论:MSCT可准确显示供肾血管、尿路和肾实质的结构,在活体肾移植术前评估中有重要作用.     

64层CT三维血管成像对活体供肾移植术前的评价

目的:利用64层螺旋CT三维血管成像对活体(亲属)供肾肾移植术前进行血管情况评价,明确CTA技术在肾移植中的临床应用价值.方法:收集拟行活体肾移植术供肾者44例,行64层螺旋CT三维血管成像,了解肾脏血管起始,数目,分枝走行,有无狭窄及病变,分析其对手术的指导作用.结果:64层螺旋CT三维血管成像的影像立体感强,很好的反映了肾和肾血管的解剖结构以及肾血管的走行、变异情况.结论:64层螺旋CT三维血管成像技术是活体肾移植供肾术前检查的可靠方法,对术前取肾手术方案的制定具有指导作用.     

Preoperative evaluation of live renal donors using multislice CT angiography

AIM: To determine the accuracy of multidetector row CT renal angiography in the preoperative evaluation of live kidney donors, and to identify potential pitfalls when reporting. METHODS: Between July 1998 and June 2003, 74 consecutive live renal donors underwent contrast-enhanced multidetector row CT renal angiography before donor nephrectomy. The operative notes and radiological reports of all cases were reviewed retrospectively. Where a significant discrepancy was identified, the archived images were reviewed by two radiologists in the light of the intraoperative findings. RESULTS: A total of 12 discrepancies were identified in 11 of the 74 cases (15%). In the preoperative CT angiography reports, 4 accessory arteries, 6 early-branching renal arteries, 1 duplicated renal vein and 1 accessory ureter were not identified; 9 of these were evident on review, but were not detected at the time of reporting. In 3 cases (1 accessory artery, the duplicated renal vein and the accessory ureter), the anomaly was not visible on review of the CT angiographic data, even with the benefit of hindsight. Surgical feedback during the study period resulted in modifications to CT technique and improved performance. CONCLUSION: In the majority of cases, there was good correlation between preoperative CT renal angiography and operative findings. Most discrepancies were due either to an oversight by the reporting radiologist, or failure to fully appreciate the potential surgical significance of certain findings. Regular surgical feedback plays a valuable role in improving reporting accuracy and maintaining imaging standards.     

CT angiography for evaluation of living renal donors: comparison of four reconstruction methods

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare various reconstruction methods for CT angiographic images in evaluating living renal donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 76 patients who underwent donor nephrectomy, vascular phase CT data were obtained using an MDCT scanner (detector array, 1.25 mm x 4; beam pitch, 1.5). Two radiologists independently reconstructed CT angiographic images using thick-slab volume rendering, thick-slab maximum intensity projection (MIP), sliding thin-slab volume rendering, and sliding thin-slab MIP. The radiologists counted the number of renal arteries, early branching arteries, and renal veins. We compared the accuracy rates for the detection of vessels achieved with the four types of reconstructed images, using the surgical findings as the gold standard. Agreement between the two observers and between the surgical and CT angiographic findings was evaluated. RESULTS: The sensitivity for detecting the supernumerary artery was significantly greater with sliding thin-slab volume rendering and sliding thin-slab MIP (97%) than with thick-slab volume rendering (59%) (p = 0.039). No significant difference between the other comparison pairs of reconstruction methods was found. The interobserver agreement for detecting supernumerary and early branching arteries with sliding thin-slab volume rendering and MIP was excellent (kappa = 0.820-0.859) and good for renal veins (kappa = 0.698-0.724), whereas the agreement of thick-slab volume rendering and MIP was good for arteries (kappa = 0.706-0.791) and moderate for veins (kappa = 0.443-0.579). The agreement between CT angiographic reconstructed images and surgical findings for detection of vessels was better with sliding thin-slab volume rendering and MIP (kappa = 0.793-1.000) than in thick-slab volume rendering and MIP (kappa = 0.306-0.613). CONCLUSION: For CT angiographic evaluation of living renal donors, sliding thin-slab reconstruction is superior to thick-slab reconstruction.     

Preoperative evaluation of living renal donors: comparison of CT angiography and MR angiography

PURPOSE: To compare computed tomographic (CT) angiography and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for preoperative evaluation of living renal donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five living renal donors underwent preoperative contrast material-enhanced CT angiography and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Each study was interpreted by two independent radiologists blinded to all other studies and to interpretations provided by other reviewers. Eighteen kidneys had surgical correlation. RESULTS: CT demonstrated 33 supernumerary arteries in 19 patients, bilateral solitary arteries in 16 patients, and 18 proximal arterial branches in 16 patients. MR demonstrated 26 supernumerary arteries in 15 patients, bilateral solitary renal arteries in 20 patients, and 21 proximal arterial branches in 16 patients. Interobserver agreements for MR (kappa = 0. 74) and CT (kappa = 0.73) were similar to the agreement between MR and CT (kappa = 0.74). Among the kidneys chosen for nephrectomy, one small accessory artery and one proximal arterial branch were missed with CT and MR. Two of the accessory arteries suggested at CT were not found at nephrectomy. By averaging data for both modalities, supernumerary arteries were present in 49% of kidney donors and were bilateral in approximately 17%. Proximal arterial branches were present in 46% of kidney donors. CONCLUSION: Preoperative CT and MR angiography of the renal arteries in renal donors demonstrate substantial agreement. Interobserver disagreement in the interpretation of CT and MR angiograms is related to 1-2-mm-diameter vessels.     

MSCT对冠状动脉变异的诊断价值

目的 :分析多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对冠状动脉变异的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析总结 9例患者的MSCT冠状动脉成像资料。结果 :9例冠状动脉变异患者中冠状动脉开口起源异常 4例 ,单一冠状动脉 1例 ,右冠状动脉发育不良1例 ,左回旋支缺如 1例 ,冠状动脉分支起源异常 2例。结论 :MSCT可无创性准确诊断各种冠状动脉变异。     

闭合性肾脏损伤的多层螺旋CT诊断分型探讨

目的总结闭合性肾损伤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)征象,并评价MSCT分型的临床意义。方法 58例闭合性肾损伤患者于外伤后1 h～4 d内均经腹部常规多层螺旋CT扫描,其中32例又经对比增强CT扫描。所有患者中肾损伤的严重程度、血肿或渗出性病变的累及范围以及邻近脏器伴发性损伤,是由3位经验丰富的放射学医师协同评价的。结果根据肾损伤部位、程度和范围可将其MSCT表现分为下述5型:Ⅰ型,包膜下血肿(8例);Ⅱ型,肾实质局灶性挫伤(16例);Ⅲ型,肾实质挫裂伤伴肾周间隙血肿(19例);Ⅳ型,肾实质粉碎伤伴肾筋膜外血肿(13例);Ⅴ型,肾蒂撕裂伤(2例)。肾损伤的分级愈高,邻近脏器伴发性损伤比例愈大。结论 MSCT能清楚显示肾损伤的部位、范围、严重程度以及邻近脏器伴发性损伤,而MSCT分型能为临床选择治疗方案提供重要依据。     

多层螺旋CT在评价冠状动脉支架中的价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影（multi slice spiral computed tomographic angiog raphy,MSCTA）在冠状动脉支架评价中的价值.方法：对 28例冠状动脉支架患者行冠状动脉M SCTA检查,利用MSCT的各种先进的后处理功能对冠状动脉进行重建,以显示冠状动脉支架的形态、位置及有无支架术后的再狭窄.结果：在28 例多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中2例由于患者有严重的窦性心率不齐,多层螺旋CT检查重建图像质量欠佳,其余患者多层螺旋CT冠状造影检查均成功的显示冠状动脉各主支 （左主支、回旋支、前降支右支冠状动脉）,且可显示所有冠状动脉支架的形态、位置,其中9例患者的10个支架术后出现再狭窄,所有患者行MSC T冠脉造影检查无1例患者出现并发征,所有MSCT冠脉造影检查怀疑支架再狭窄的患者均同时行选择性血管造影检查,其中8例患者的8个支架诊断与MSCT冠脉造影检查结果相一致,其符合率为88.89%.结论：冠状MSCTA是一种安全可靠的检查方法,可作为冠状动脉一种无创检查方法,是评价冠状动脉支架有无再狭窄的重要检查手段之一.     

Multi-detector row CT in evaluation of 94 living renal donors by readers with varied experience

PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess the accuracy of four-section multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of renal transplant donors when scans are read by one of multiple readers with varied levels of expertise, by using surgery as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and complied with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Informed consent was waived. Between October 1999 and March 2003, 94 renal donors (42 men, 52 women; mean age, 44 years) underwent four-section multi-detector row CT. Unenhanced scanning of the abdomen was performed with 5-mm section thickness and table speed of 15 mm per rotation. Next, 135-150 mL of nonionic iodinated (300 mg/mL) contrast material was injected intravenously at a rate of 4-5 mL/sec. Contrast material-enhanced CT was initiated 20-25 seconds, 65-70 seconds, and 10 minutes after start of injection. Arterial phase scanning was performed with 1.25-mm section thickness and 7.5-mm table speed. Venous and excretory phase scanning was performed with 2.5-mm section thickness and 15-mm table speed. Each scan was evaluated independently by one of 11 readers for renal vascular and ureteral anatomic variants. Findings at CT were compared with those at surgery. Sensitivity and specificity (with 95% confidence intervals) and accuracy of CT were calculated on the basis of presence or absence of variant anatomy at surgery. RESULTS: CT depicted 107 of 114 renal arteries confirmed at surgery; seven accessory arteries were missed in six donor kidneys. CT depicted 95 of 98 renal veins confirmed at surgery. Sensitivity and specificity of CT were 66% and 100%, 75% and 100%, and 50% and 100%, and overall accuracy was 94%, 97%, and 99%, for identification of variant anatomy of renal arteries, veins, and ureters, respectively. CONCLUSION: Multi-detector row CT as the sole imaging technique in the preoperative evaluation of living renal donors is accurate even when images are read by multiple readers with varied levels of expertise.