吸烟者戒烟意愿及影响因素分析

目的探讨沈阳市吸烟人群有戒烟意愿的人口学特征及影响因素,为有关部门制定有效的控烟措施提供科学依据。方法 2006年4～8月,在沈阳市内五区,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法 ,按照"街道→社区→家庭→调查对象"四个阶段进行抽样。其中,第一阶段使用按容量比例概率抽样法(PPS)抽取10个街道;第二阶段按PPS法在每个街道内抽取2个社区;第三阶段使用简单随机抽样法在每个社区抽取300户家庭;第四阶段使用简单随机抽样法在300户家庭中抽取100名成年吸烟者作为调查对象;每个居委会至少调查40名吸烟者;最终在沈阳市抽取调查了801名成年吸烟者。结果沈阳市吸烟者中有戒烟意愿者的比例为30.7%;男性有戒烟意愿者的比例(29.8%)远低于女性(46.7%);职业分布中,以国家机关党群组织负责人中有戒烟意愿的比例最高达47.5%,其次为离退休人员36.7%,以专业技术人员有戒烟意愿的比例最低为21.4%。影响因素分析发现:亲人反对、社会舆论、对健康的影响、控烟宣传的力度、健康警示信息的普及、对烟草相关疾病的知晓程度以及对戒烟产品和戒烟服务的接触均会影响吸烟者戒烟意愿的产生。结论通过普及烟草危害的健康教育,提倡亲人积极参与吸烟者戒烟活动,丰富烟草包装健康警示信息,提高控烟宣传力度以及推广戒烟产品和戒烟服务等措施可以很好地提高沈阳市吸烟者戒烟意愿的产生。     

戒烟门诊患者戒烟成败因素分析

吸烟被视为世界上危害最严重的社会问题之一．当前世界吸烟达12亿人,每年因吸烟患病致死约300万人。我国吸烟人数选3亿,占世界吸烟数四分之一。国际肺病联合会等十个医疗机构在<胸>杂志上联合宣布：87％的肺癌、8296的慢性阻塞性肺病(筒称慢阻肺)、21％的冠心病与18％的脑卒中死亡是由吸烟所致。世界卫生组织宣布的数字与此相近。我国1988年研究结果显示：20岁以上居民因吸烟死亡116．7万人,其中肺癌8．3万人,     

浙江省4城市备孕男性吸烟者的戒烟意愿及影响因素分析

目的探讨备孕人群中男性吸烟者的戒烟意愿及相关影响因素,为对该人群开展有效戒烟干预提供科学依据。方法采用拦截调查的方法,在浙江省绍兴市、台州市、诸暨市和温岭市4个城市的婚姻登记处,拦截1401人次,完成552份备孕男性吸烟者的问卷调查,并对资料进行频数统计、卡方检验和相关分析。结果研究对1401名备孕男性被调查者的筛查发现有558名吸烟者,备孕男性吸烟率为39．82％。在552名研究对象中有38人（6．88％）存在尼古丁高度依赖现象,近期有戒烟意愿有279人（50．54％）,原因依次为：妻子计划生孩子（62．50％）、将来为孩子做榜样（47．70％）、妻子／家人反对（45．22％）;研究对象对11题烟草危害认知题回答正确在8题以上的有275人（49．64％）,配偶希望其戒烟的有490人（88．75％）。多因素分析发现：烟草知识知晓程度较低的备孕男性吸烟者戒烟意愿较低（0.38倍）;自我健康评估非常好、配偶对丈夫的戒烟意愿强烈的备孕男性吸烟者的戒烟意愿较高,分别是1．90倍和2．87倍。结论备孕男性吸烟者戒烟意愿较一般人群高,可通过加强烟草危害的健康教育宣传和开展妻子介入备孕男性吸烟者戒烟活动以促进其戒烟。     

成年男性戒烟失败影响因素分析

目的探讨成年男性戒烟失败的影响因素。方法对四川省绵阳市1 012名男性社区居民进行烟草使用和戒烟等相关问题、社交性吸烟的态度问题、艾森克人格问卷和尼古丁耐量问卷(FTND)调查,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行单因素及多因素逻辑回归分析。结果单因素分析表明,戒烟成功组和戒烟失败组在吸烟者的年龄(t=4.9,P=0.000)、外倾人格分值(t=-2.850,P=0.005)、FNTD分值(t=-4.962,P=0.000)、戒烟次数(t=-4.252,P=0.000)以及社交性吸烟的行为和态度方面存在明显差异(P<0.05);控制混杂因素后的多因素逻辑回归分析显示,年龄(β=-0.131,OR=0.877)、习惯性吸烟的时间(β=0.086,OR=1.090)、FNTD分值(β=0.144,OR=1.115)、对香烟的的渴求(β=-1.906,OR=0.149)、戒烟时非常低落的情绪(β=1.392,OR=3.652)以及社交性吸烟行为(β=4.261,OR=70.850)是成年男性戒烟的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论外向的人格特质、较重的尼古丁依赖、吸烟同伴的影响以及个体戒烟时的消极情绪体验可能是导致个体戒烟失败的主要因素。     

78例戒烟者回顾性调查

吸烟不仅危害人类健康 ,也是资源浪费、火灾、影响家庭和睦的重要原因。禁烟已逐渐深入人心 ,戒烟已成为广大烟民的共识。但由于烟瘾的作用 ,往往使吸烟者的戒烟行动难以获得成功。为此 ,河南省焦作市健康教育所于 2 0 0 2年 3～ 6月间对 78名成功戒烟者进行了回顾性调查 ,以期总结经验 ,指导吸烟者戒烟。对象与方法1 对象　以每天吸烟及连续或累积吸烟 6个月以上 ,调查时已有一年以上时间不再吸烟者为调查对象。2 方法　通过同事、朋友寻访其周围戒烟者 ,记录其电话号码 ,或直接查阅电话号码簿进行寻访 ,发现成功戒烟者 ,及时用电话详细询…     

农村男性吸烟者戒烟意愿影响因素分析

目的 了解农村男性现在每天吸烟者戒烟意愿影响因素及其相对重要性。方法 采用横断面研究方法,以山东省临沂市莒南县14个行政村的男性现在每天吸烟者为研究对象,逐一入户,进行面对面问卷调查,共得有效问卷1 287份。应用logistic回归分析、优势logistic回归分析探讨戒烟意愿影响因素及其相对重要性。结果 1 287名每天吸烟者中有318人（24.7%）打算在未来6个月内戒烟。logistic回归分析显示,有既往戒烟经历（OR=1.691,95%CI：1.458～1.962）、吸烟量少（OR=0.751,95%CI：0.639～0.884）、烟草危害认知程度高（OR=1.038,95%CI：1.001～1.077）、患慢性病（OR=1.765,95%CI：1.013～3.075）的男性吸烟者更倾向有戒烟意愿。优势logistic回归分析显示,既往戒烟经历是戒烟意愿首位影响因素,其他依次是吸烟量、烟草危害认知以及慢性病患病情况。结论 农村男性吸烟者戒烟意愿比例较低。戒烟意愿主要与吸烟者自身因素有关,其中有既往戒烟经历是增加戒烟动机的首位影响因素。     

青少年戒烟影响因素及戒烟干预

吸烟会严重损害青少年呼吸系统和心血管系统的发育,会加速其成年后慢性病的发生。帮助青少年吸烟者戒烟对于保护青少年健康及降低未来的人群吸烟率均具有重要现实意义。虽然国外对青少年戒烟的影响因素和干预措施已有较多研究探索,但国内研究相对较少,尤其是戒烟干预尚处于起步阶段,亟需加强研究与实践。本文从个人、家庭、学校和社会等多个层面综述了国内外影响青少年戒烟的因素,梳理了现有针对青少年的戒烟干预方法,以期为后续相关研究提供参考。     

戒烟与糖尿病的关系

目的 探讨戒烟与糖尿病的关系。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法收集资料，用SPSS软件建立数据库，用x^2检验和方差分析法进行统计分析。结果 在11742名调查对象中，吸烟者3190人，不吸烟者8203人，戒烟者336人，13人该项数据缺失。将患糖尿病后戒烟者剔除，得到吸烟者、不吸烟者和戒烟者糖尿病的发病率分别为2.5％，2.4％和5.2％，有显著性差异；将研究人群的年龄进行标化处理，得到吸烟者、不吸烟者和戒烟者的标化糖尿病发病率分别为2.3％，2.6％和5.4％，亦有显著性差异。结论 戒烟者糖尿病的发病率较高。建议对戒烟者实行健康监护，并开展对安全戒烟的有效方法的研究。     

吸烟大学生尝试戒烟及其影响因素研究

目的 了解吸烟大学生的尝试戒烟情况及其影响因素，为有效防控大学生吸烟提供参考依据。方法以自填式结构问卷调查广州某大学271名吸烟大学生的尝试戒烟行为、戒烟信心、吸烟情况、吸烟相关的知识与信念水平、环境因素以及相关的社会学特征。结果吸烟大学生中，40．6％曾尝试过戒烟。尝试过戒烟的学生中，50．0％曾戒烟2次，戒烟持续时间最长的1a以上，平均1个月左右。多因素Logistic分析发现，“尼古丁成瘾”、“认为戒烟困难”是大学生尝试戒烟的显著性影响因素。结论在大学校园开设戒烟干预是必要和紧迫的。戒烟干预应注重尼古丁成瘾性和戒断症状的宣传和治疗，从而提高戒烟成功率，降低大学生吸烟率。     

中国10省市12320卫生热线来电者吸烟及戒烟意愿调查

目的了解12320卫生热线来电者的吸烟情况及戒烟意愿。方法采用电话调查方式, 对2014年2—4月10个省市12320卫生热线的所有来电者进行调查, 了解调查对象的人口学特征、吸烟行为和吸烟量、戒烟史和戒烟意愿以及对12320卫生热线戒烟服务的接受程度等。结果12320卫生热线来电者的吸烟率为23.0%, 现在吸烟率19.6%, 79.2%的吸烟者每天吸烟, 每天吸烟1~10支者占57.2%, 每天11~20支者占35.9%;男性吸烟率高于女性, 文化程度越高, 吸烟率越低;48.6%的吸烟者过去1年尝试过戒烟, 42.4%的吸烟者未来1个月内计划戒烟, 其中愿意接受12320卫生热线戒烟服务的占73.4%。结论12320卫生热线来电者戒烟意愿较强, 对12320戒烟服务的认可度较高, 应进一步加大对12320戒烟服务功能的宣传力度, 提高12320戒烟服务方式的知晓率, 促进更多吸烟者尝试戒烟。     

军人吸烟原因与心理健康的关系

目的 探讨军人吸烟原因与心理健康的关系.方法 采用Russell吸烟原因问卷（RRSQ）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对196名官兵测查,并进行因素的统计分析.结果 义务兵吸烟原因以心理意象为主,士官以依赖和成瘾为主;SCL-90的焦虑和敌对因子得分显著大于军人常模.RRSQ药理维度的后5个分量表与SCL-90多个因子呈正相关.结论 长期依赖性吸烟者容易发生心理性疾病.     

Factors Associated With Quitting Smoking in Indonesia

Objectives:The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with quitting smoking in Indonesia Methods:Data on 11 115 individuals from the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey were analyzed. Quitting smoking was the main outcome, defined as smoking status based on the answer to the question “do you still habitually (smoke cigarettes/smoke a pipe/use chewing tobacco) or have you totally quit?” Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with successful attempts to quit smoking. Results:The prevalence of quitting smoking was 12.3%. The odds of successfully quitting smoking were higher among smokers who were female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08 to 3.33), were divorced (aOR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.82 to 3.29), did not chew tobacco (aOR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.79 to 5.08), found it difficult to sacrifice smoking at other times than in the morning (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.46), and not smoke when sick (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.54). About 59% of variance in successful attempts to quit smoking could be explained using a model consisting of those variables. Conclusions:Female sex, being divorced, not chewing tobacco, and nicotine dependence increased the odds of quitting smoking and were associated with quitting smoking successfully. Regular and integrated attempts to quit smoking based on individuals’ internal characteristics, tobacco use activity, and smoking behavior are needed to quit smoking.     

天津市居民吸烟及戒烟状况调查分析

目的：了解天津市居民吸烟状况、戒烟想法及戒烟方法的应用,为有针对性地在居民中开展健康教育活动提供依据,同时为制定相关控烟政策提供基础数据。方法使用 PPS 法(按规模大小成比例的概率抽样)在每个区抽取3个街道,共计16个区。使用 PPS 在每个街道抽取2个居委会抽样单位,采用随机抽样方法在每个居委会抽取70个家庭户,每个家庭户采用 KISH 表抽取1名调查对象,每个居委会完成50份调查问卷。结果男性现在吸烟率为42.35%,女性现在吸烟率为10.32%,男性吸烟率高于女性(χ2=760.956,P <0.05),不同文化程度居民吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=95.605,P <0.05)。男性与女性现在吸烟者戒烟意愿差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.959,P >0.05),不同吸烟量的现在吸烟者戒烟意愿差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.434,P <0.05),随着吸烟者吸烟量的增大,想戒烟的比例也在逐渐降低。89.18%现在吸烟者选择靠自己毅力戒烟,7.06%选择拨打戒烟热线。在过去12个月,有42.25%医护人员建议吸烟者戒烟。非吸烟者对主动吸烟及吸入二手烟的危害知晓率高于吸烟者,有戒烟想法的人主动吸烟及吸入二手烟的危害知晓率高于吸烟者。结论应积极开展控烟工作,有针对性地对男性、女性吸烟者开展控烟干预工作,加大戒烟门诊、戒烟热线的宣传,提高医务人员的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧,广泛宣传主动吸烟与被动吸烟的危害,同时政府部门加强控烟法律执行力度,保证人民群众不受二手烟的危害。     

青岛市农村吸烟与被动吸烟状况调查分析

目的了解青岛市农村居民吸烟与被动吸烟状况,分析影响因素,为决策部门制定干预策略提供依据。方法在青岛市5个县市的村庄中随机抽取5个村庄的13岁以上的常住村民共1 837人进行问卷调查。结果村民的总吸烟率为26.8%,现在吸烟率为23.2%,重度吸烟率为10.4%,40~49岁年龄组为吸烟最严重的人群;人群被动吸烟率为41.6%,家庭是被动吸烟危害的主要场所,占29.1%。结论青岛市农村吸烟与被动吸烟状况不容乐观,应当结合农村地区的实际情况,加强政策引导,针对不同人群开展控烟健康教育与健康促进,降低吸烟率和减少被动吸烟危害。     

Smoking Cessation and Quality of Life: The Effect of Amount of Smoking and Time Since Quitting

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the impact of smoking cessation on health-related quality of life may be important in encouraging smokers to quit. We determined whether the difference in quality of life between ex- and current smokers is influenced by amount of smoking or time since quitting. METHODS: Data were collected within a cross-sectional study among a random sample of the general population in The Netherlands. Health-related quality of life was measured with the RAND-36 questionnaire (adapted from SF-36). Smoking behavior was assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. Adjusted differences in quality of life scores between ex- and current smokers were tested with multivariate analysis of variance, among 9,660 men and women aged 20-59 years, without history of tobacco-related chronic diseases. RESULTS: Ex-smokers reported significantly higher quality of life scores than current smokers. This was more pronounced for mental health, especially for role functioning limitations due to emotional problems (difference 6.5 points; P < 0.0001), than for physical health dimensions. Differences were generally larger between ex- and current heavy smokers than between ex- and current light or moderate smokers (P trend <0.05 when ex-smokers had quit <5 or > or =10 years ago). No significant trend was observed with time since quitting. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, the higher the amount of smoking, the higher were quality of life differences between ex- and current smokers.     

Adolescents'' Reasons for Smoking

Part of the Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project, this study provides information on reasons reported by adolescents for their smoking behavior. A total of 1,615 10th grade students in 20 rural and suburban school districts in Washington state were asked why they currently smoke and why they first smoked. For beginning smoking, curiosity, social norms, and social pressure were the most frequently given reasons for smoking. For current smoking, pleasure and addiction were mentioned most often. A number of gender differences occurred with 10th grade students beginning and current smoking. More females than males reported social norms and social pressure as reasons for beginning to smoke, whereas for currently smoking, pleasure was given as a reason more frequently by females than males. When developing interventions, smoking prevention programs need to consider students' current and past smoking behavior, and the reasons they give for smoking.     

Factors Associated With Quitting Smoking During Pregnancy Among Women Veterans

IntroductionLittle is known about the rates of smoking among pregnant veterans. Our objective was to examine rates of smoking during pregnancy and factors associated with quitting smoking during pregnancy.MethodsWe used data from a cohort study of pregnant veterans from 15 Veterans Health Administration facilities nationwide. Veterans who reported smoking during pregnancy were included in this analysis. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of quitting smoking during pregnancy.ResultsOverall, 133 veterans reported smoking during pregnancy. Among this group of women who smoked, the average age was 31.6 years, 20% were Black, and 14% were Hispanic/Latino. More than one-half of women (65%) who reported smoking at the start of pregnancy quit smoking during pregnancy. Multivariable models, adjusted for history of deployment and age, indicated that prenatal care initiation at 12 or fewer weeks compared with more than 13 weeks (relative risk [RR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–3.58), living without household smokers compared with any household smokers (RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14–2.17), and first pregnancy (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17–1.95) were significant predictors of quitting versus persistent smoking during pregnancy.ConclusionsWomen veterans who quit smoking may be different than those who continue to smoke during pregnancy. Establishing prenatal care early in pregnancy, which likely includes counseling about smoking cessation, seems to be an important factor in quitting. Those for whom it is not a first pregnancy and who live with other smokers may especially benefit from such counseling.     

吸烟经济对师范大学学生戒烟意图的影响分析

目的了解师范大学学生吸烟经济状况及戒烟意图,探求吸烟经济对戒烟意愿的影响,为开展有针对性的控烟措施和健康教育提供依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,利用自行设计的问卷对西华师范大学的891名大学生进行调查。结果该校大学生吸烟率36.0%,吸烟率男生大于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=172.05,P0.01);希望戒烟率为78.2%,男生希望戒烟率为80.0%,女生希望戒烟率为65.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.20,P0.05)。戒烟意图的影响因素为性别、第一次接触并开始吸烟的原因、烟龄、家庭经济状况、每月烟资花费、烟资占生活费的比例,戒烟的障碍和对烟价提升的敏感幅度等,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大学生吸烟率较高,控制大学生吸烟任务艰巨,但大学生希望戒烟率较高;影响戒烟意愿的主要是吸烟经济因素,对有戒烟意愿者应为重点干预人群。     

The Impact of Quitting Smoking on Weight Among Women Prisoners Participating in a Smoking Cessation Intervention

Objectives. We examined the impact of smoking cessation on weight change in a population of women prisoners.Methods. Women prisoners (n = 360) enrolled in a smoking cessation intervention; 250 received a 10-week group intervention plus transdermal nicotine replacement.Results. Women who quit smoking had significant weight gain at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, with a net difference of 10 pounds between smokers and abstainers at 6 months. By the 12-month follow-up, weight gain decreased among abstainers.Conclusions. We are the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate weight gain associated with smoking cessation among women prisoners. Smoking cessation interventions that address postcessation weight gain as a preventative measure may be beneficial in improving health and reducing the high prevalence of smoking in prisoner populations.Smoking and obesity are the 2 major causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States.^1,2 Although smoking is the leading preventable cause of death, resulting in approximately 440 000 deaths each year,³ obesity is a growing epidemic and is the second leading cause of preventable death, resulting in more than 300 000 deaths annually.^4,5 Whereas smoking rates have declined from their peak in the 1960s, obesity rates have been steadily climbing each year, and obesity is expected to soon eclipse smoking as the most preventable cause of mortality in the United States.¹The relationship between smoking and weight is complex, and the mechanisms by which smoking influences weight are not fully understood. Smoking affects weight by increasing metabolic rate and decreasing caloric absorption, which is thought to help suppress appetite.⁶ Sympathoadrenal activation by nicotine is thought to be primarily responsible for the metabolic effect of smoking.⁷ Smoking is also associated with increased energy expenditure.⁸ Smoking a single cigarette also decreases caloric consumption by 3% within 20 minutes.⁹Compared with light smokers and nonsmokers, heavy smokers tend to have greater body weight, which likely reflects a clustering of risk behaviors (i.e., little physical activity and poor diet) and increased insulin resistance and accumulation of abdominal fat.^6,10,11 Overall, smokers tend to be less physically active than nonsmokers, which may confound explanations of weight differences between smokers and nonsmokers.¹²Most studies on weight and smoking have reported postcessation weight gain. Smoking cessation has been associated with approximately 10 pounds of weight gain after 1 year of abstinence,¹³ suggesting that health benefits from smoking cessation may be mitigated to some degree by increased health risks associated with weight gain.¹⁴ To prevent or reduce weight gain, those administering cessation programs are recommended to integrate follow-up support for weight control, provide regular body weight measurement, provide recommendations for dietary change, and encourage increased physical activity.¹⁴ Despite concerns about weight, few studies have systematically investigated weight gain following smoking cessation, particularly with underserved populations such as prisoners.Correctional populations especially are vulnerable to the negative health consequences of smoking. Smoking rates are 3 to 4 times higher among correctional populations than among the general population, and smoking is normative within the correctional environment.^15–17 Smoking prevalence is 70% to 80% among male and female prisoners,^15–20 while almost half (46%) of adolescents in juvenile justice are daily smokers.²¹ This compared to about 21% of adults in the general population who are current smokers.²² However, in the research literature, the emphasis on smoking prevalence, prevention, cessation, and policies is much greater among other populations than it is among criminal justice populations—despite the human, health, and economic costs that occur in prison and in the community.^20,23In addition to the larger prevalence of smoking in prisons, there is less access to interventions for smoking cessation in correctional facilities. Lack of resources amplifies the negative health risks associated with smoking, such as heart, circulatory, and respiratory problems. Over the past 2 decades, correctional facilities in the United States have implemented tobacco-control policies ranging from restrictions on indoor smoking to complete tobacco bans.²⁴ Tobacco restrictions and bans have not succeeded in suppressing smoking, and reduced access to programs and materials that might increase long-term smoking cessation have paralleled them.^16,17,24,25We recently conducted a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation with women prisoners and found 7-day point prevalence cessation rates comparable to those seen in community smoking cessation interventions.¹⁵ The intervention combined nicotine replacement with a 10-week group therapy intervention.²⁶ The community-tested intervention was modified for the prison environment and included a discussion of weight gain and weekly monitoring of weight during the intervention and follow-up assessments.¹⁵ Point prevalence quit rates for intervention participants were 18% at end of treatment, 17% at 3-month follow-up, 14% at 6-month follow-up, and 12% at 12-month follow-up, compared with less than 1% at these same time points for control participants.¹⁵ We examined differences in weight change over time for (1) women in the intervention condition compared with women in the control condition and (2) women in the intervention condition who quit smoking compared with those who continued to smoke. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to conduct such a trial among women prisoners.