二氧化硅负载高氯酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

以二氧化硅负载高氯酸(HClO4/SiO2)为催化剂,异戊醇和乙酸通过酯化反应合成了乙酸异戊酯。考察了醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对产品收率的影响。实验表明,较佳反应条件为:当异戊醇的用量为0.1mol,乙酸的用量为0.14mol,即n(异戊醇)∶n(乙酸)=1∶1.4,催化剂用量1.0g,反应温度80℃,反应时间2.5h时,乙酸异戊酯的收率可达85.6%以上。HClO4/SiO2是一种热稳定性好、简单易制、可循环使用的非均相催化剂。     

新型固体超强酸催化合成羟基乙酸正丁酯

以羟基乙酸和正丁醇为原料,用新型固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2/La3+为催化剂,合成羟基乙酸正丁酯。其工艺简单,产物转化率高。最佳工艺条件为:n(羟基乙酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶3.5,回流反应4h,催化剂用量为醇酸总质量的2.35%,收率83.2%。     

硅胶固载氧化镓非均相催化合成乙酸丁酯

在氧化镓固载量为20%,500℃焙烧2 h的条件下制备了硅胶固载氧化物型非均相酯化催化剂Ga2O3/S iO2,用于催化合成乙酸丁酯,考察了催化剂用量、n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)、环己烷用量、反应时间、带水剂用量和催化剂重复使用性等因素对酯化率的影响。结果表明,该催化剂催化合成乙酸丁酯的适宜反应条件为:乙酸0.2 mol,n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=1.8,催化剂1.25 g,回流反应1 h,酯化率达99.62%。     

相转移催化合成乙酸苄酯的研究

以无水乙酸钠和苄基氯为原料,用相转移催化法(PTC)合成了乙酸苄酯。考察了聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和苄基三乙基溴化铵(TEBA)催化剂对酯化反应的影响,结果表明,以TEBA为催化剂,操作简单、反应快、产率高;研究了原料比、TEBA用量以及反应时间等因素对乙酸苄酯合成的影响,得出了适宜的合成条件：无水乙酸钠和苄基氯的摩尔比1：1．2,TEBA用量为2g,反应时间2h,反应温度为110～120℃。在此条件下,合成的产品的产率为84．67%,气相色谱分析其含量为93．86%,红外光谱表明产品的结构与乙酸苄酯相符。     

应用4-DMAP催化合成乙酸薄荷酯的新方法

使用 4 -二甲基氨基吡啶 ( 4 -Dimethylaminopyridine ,4 -DMAP)催化剂合成乙酸薄荷酯 ,工艺简单 ,反应收率达 95 %以上 ,适于工业化生产。用该催化剂合成乙酸薄荷酯的方法尚未见有文献报道     

六水合三氯化铝催化合成乙酸环己酯

以乙酸和环己醇为原料,六水合三氯化铝为催化剂催化合成了乙酸环己酯。在优化反应条件下,酯收率达78.8%。优化反应条件如下:n(乙酸)=200 mmol,n(乙酸)∶n(环己醇)=1.0∶1.5,催化剂用量为1.5 g,带水剂环己烷用量为10 mL,反应温度为106~124℃。实验结果表明催化剂催化性能高,反应条件温和,方法简单,收率优良。     

铁钾盐加合物催化合成乙酸丙酯

以铁钾盐加合物为催化剂,合成了乙酸丙酯。考察了铁钾盐加合物的催化活性,研究了酸醇量比,反应时间,催化剂用量等对酯化率的影响。结果表明,铁钾盐加合物是合成乙酸丙酯的理想催化剂,其较优反应条件为:以0.1 mol乙酸为基准,n(乙酸)∶n(丙醇)=1∶1.3,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2%(乙酸与丙醇总质量的质量分数),10 mL环己烷带水剂,回流反应3h,乙酸的酯化率可达98.88%。     

SO2-4/Sb2O3/SiO2复合固体超强酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

以乙酸和异戊醇为原料,固体超强酸SO2-4/Sb2O3/SiO2作催化剂,催化合成乙酸异戊酯.考察了醇酸比、催化剂用量、反应温度与反应时间对酯化反应的影响.结果表明,乙酸异戊酯的最佳合成条件为:n(异戊醇) ∶n(乙酸)=1.4 ∶1,催化剂用量为1.2 g,反应时间4 h,反应温度108～112 ℃,在此条件下酯化率可达95.7%.并用IR手段对产品进行了确证.     

SO_4~(2-)/Sb_2O_3/SiO_2复合固体超强酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

以乙酸和异戊醇为原料,固体超强酸SO24-/Sb2O3/SiO2作催化剂,催化合成乙酸异戊酯。考察了醇酸比、催化剂用量、反应温度与反应时间对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,乙酸异戊酯的最佳合成条件为:n(异戊醇)∶n(乙酸)=1.4∶1,催化剂用量为1.2 g,反应时间4 h,反应温度108~112℃,在此条件下酯化率可达95.7%。并用IR手段对产品进行了确证。     

低温共熔溶剂[ChCl][CrCl_3·6H_2O]_2室温催化酯化反应

以氯化胆碱(ChCl)与金属氯化物合成的一系列低温共熔溶剂(DES)为催化剂,以正丁醇和乙酸的酯化反应为模板反应,通过气相色谱研究了其催化产率。经过条件优化,低温共熔溶剂[ChCl][CrCl_3·6H_2O]_2催化乙酸和丁醇反应的产率可达到93%。对酯化体系进行简单处理,回收的低温共熔溶剂(DES)仍有较高的催化活性,可重复利用。与传统的无机酸催化剂相比,DES催化酯化反应具有以下优点:催化活性高,能够高效高选择性的合成有机酯;DES的合成简单,成本低廉;酯化反应可以在室温下进行;DES可以重复使用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.