耐高温丙烯酸酯压敏胶的研制

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯(2-EHA)为软单体、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为硬单体、环氧树脂(EP)为改性单体、丙烯酰胺(AM)为内交联剂、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂以及乙酸乙酯/乙醇为混合溶剂,采用溶液聚合法制备出一种耐高温溶剂型丙烯酸酯PSA(压敏胶)。研究了单体、引发剂和交联剂等对PSA性能的影响。结果表明:当w(2-EHA)=20%、w(MMA)=13%、w(BPO)=0.5%和w(AM)=0.6%时,PSA的综合性能相对最好;当w(EP)=5%时,PSA的耐高温性能显著提高。     

中空聚合物乳液的制备及其性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯腈(AN)和苯乙烯(St)为共聚单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和非离子型乳化剂(OP-10)为阴/非离子型复合乳化剂,采用种子乳液聚合法和碱溶胀后处理法制备了P(MMA/AA/BA)为核、P(St/AA/AN)为壳的纸张施胶用中空聚合物乳液。研究结果表明:当w(引发剂)=0.80%、m(SDS)∶m(OP-10)=2∶1和w(乳化剂)=1.5%时,中空乳液的综合性能较好,其单体转化率较高、乳液黏度适中、粒径较小且分布较窄。     

反光膜用聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶的合成

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)为硬单体、丙烯酸异辛酯(EHA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为软单体、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)为交联单体、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,制备了反光膜用溶剂型聚丙烯酸酯PSA(压敏胶)。考察了各单体和引发剂含量对PSA性能的影响。结果表明:当w(VAc)=15%、m(EHA)∶m(BA)=3∶1、w(AA)=4%、w(HPA)=6%和w(BPO)=0.8%时,PSA的综合性能优异,并且完全满足反光膜的使用要求。     

Foam Separation of Mercury(II) and Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Systems

Abstract

Mercury(II) and cadmium(II) were separated from aqueous systems by a number of batch-type precipitate flotation and adsorbing colloid flotation techniques. HgS, CdS, and Cd(OH)₂ were removed by precipitate flotation; Fe(OH)₃, Al(OH)₃, FeS, and CuS were used as adsorbing colloids. Sodium lauryl sulfate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTA) were used as collectors. Dependence of separation efficiency on pH and ionic strength was investigated. Floc foam flotation of both metals with CuS and HTA was found to be quite effective, resulting in residual Hg(II) levels as low as 5 ppb and residual Cd(II) levels as low as 20 ppb. Floc foam flotation of Cd(II) with FeS and HTA yielded residual Cd(II) levels as low as 10 ppb.     

自交联型涂料印花黏合剂的制备与性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为硬单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为软单体、丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)为交联单体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP-40)为复合乳化剂,采用预乳化半连续乳液聚合法合成了自交联型丙烯酸酯涂料印花黏合剂。研究结果表明:当m(MMA)∶m(BA)=0.38∶1、w(NMA)=3%、w(AA)=2.5%～3.0%、w(复合乳化剂)=3.0%且m(SDS)∶m(NP-40)=1∶(1.5~2.0)、w(APS)=0.8%、75~80℃聚合3 h和85℃保温1 h时,相应乳液的综合性能相对最好。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对聚醋酸乙烯酯共聚乳液性能的影响

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为聚合单体、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为保护胶体、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂及羟丙基甲基纤维素(HMPC)为增稠剂等,制备出一种低黏度聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)乳液胶粘剂。考察了PVP用量对PVAc乳液胶粘剂的黏度、粘接性能、稳定性能及单体转化率等影响。结果表明:红外光谱(FT-IR)证实,PVP参与了VAc和BA的接枝共聚反应;适量的PVP可使乳液黏度明显降低;当w(PVP)=0.15%时,PVAc乳液胶粘剂的综合性能相对最好。     

室温自交联型水性纸/塑复膜胶的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和苯乙烯(St)为主要原料、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)为功能单体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、烯丙基聚乙氧基磺酸盐(SE-N10)为反应性阴/非离子乳化剂、乙酰乙酸基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(AAEM)和己二酰肼(ADH)为交联体系,采用种子乳液聚合法和半连续加料方式成功制备出一种室温自交联型水性纸/塑复膜胶。结果表明:当共聚物的玻璃化转变温度为-5℃、w(AA)=2.5%、w(APS)=0.4%、w(SE-N10)=1.0%和w(AAEM)=1.5%时,乳液聚合过程稳定,复膜胶的剥离强度(0.92 N/cm)和油墨转移率(95%)较高。     

Modern hybrid sorbents – New ways of heavy metal removal from waters

The possibility of hybrid ion exchanger (HIX) application in the simultaneous removal of heavy metal ions such as Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Zn(II) as well as Cd(II) and Pb(II) was presented. The ion exchanger in question combines the unique properties of hydrated metal oxides with the mechanical and thermal stability of synthetic ion exchangers. The kinetics of the sorption process of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Zn(II) as well as Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the presence of Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ as well as EDDS (ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid) was also analyzed. Additionally, the effect of initial concentration, phase contact time and pH was also studied. Taking into account the possibility of its application on a large scale, the parameters of the adsorption process were estimated based on the linear form of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.     

VAc/VoeVa/DAAM三元共聚乳液的制备与性能研究

以VAE[醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)-乙烯共聚物]为种子乳液、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为保护胶体、叔碳酸乙烯酯(VoeVa10)为VAc的共聚单体、OP-10为乳化剂、己二酰肼(ADH)/双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)为交联体系和叔丁基过氧化氢/甲醛次硫酸钠为氧化还原型引发剂,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了VAc/VoeVa10/DAAM共聚乳液;然后在反应后期加入后交联剂(ADH),得到改性聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)乳液。结果表明:当w(PVA1788+PVA1799)=3%、m(PVA1788)∶m(PVA1799)=1∶1、m(VoeVa10)∶m(VAc)=(10～15)∶100、w(氧化剂)=0.3%、w(VAE)=10%、w(OP-10)=2%、m(ADH)∶m(DAAM)=(0.5～1.5)∶1.0且w(DAAM)=2%时,相应乳液具有优异的耐水性和稳定性,并且其涂膜柔韧性和粘接性能俱佳。     

Bioenergetic Alterations of Metabolic Redox Coenzymes as NADH,FAD and FMN by Means of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Techniques

Metabolic FLIM (fluorescence lifetime imaging) is used to image bioenergetic status in cells and tissue. Whereas an attribution of the fluorescence lifetime of coenzymes as an indicator for cell metabolism is mainly accepted, it is debated whether this is valid for the redox state of cells. In this regard, an innovative algorithm using the lifetime characteristics of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to calculate the fluorescence lifetime induced redox ratio (FLIRR) has been reported so far. We extended the FLIRR approach and present new results, which includes FLIM data of the various enzymes, such as NAD(P)H, FAD, as well as flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Our algorithm uses a two-exponential fitting procedure for the NAD(P)H autofluorescence and a three-exponential fit of the flavin signal. By extending the FLIRR approach, we introduced FLIRR1 as protein-bound NAD(P)H related to protein-bound FAD, FLIRR2 as protein-bound NAD(P)H related to free (unbound) FAD and FLIRR3 as protein-bound NAD(P)H related to protein-bound FMN. We compared the significance of extended FLIRR to the metabolic index, defined as the ratio of protein-bound NAD(P)H to free NAD(P)H. The statistically significant difference for tumor and normal cells was found to be highest for FLIRR1.     

丙烯酸酯改性磺酸型水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-80)、聚酯二元醇为主要原料,1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为小分子扩链剂,丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为封端剂,乙二胺基己磺酸钠(N60)为亲水扩链剂,成功制备了封端型水性聚氨酯乳液(WPU)。再以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)对上述乳液进行接枝共聚,成功制备出丙烯酸酯-水性聚氨酯复合乳液(WPUA)。通过红外(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)、耐水性和力学性能测试等分析手段研究了WPUA乳液及其涂膜的结构与性能。结果表明,WPUA乳液具有良好的室温贮存稳定性及成膜性能,与WPU乳液相比,WPUA乳液粒径有所增大,且粒子呈核壳结构。其胶膜的耐热性、耐水性和力学性能较WPU胶膜均有所提高。     

以邻菲咯啉为配体的铬系催化剂制备1,2-聚丁二烯

以邻菲咯啉(简称Phen)为配体、异辛酸铬(简称Cr)-三异丁基铝(简称Al)为催化剂、己烷为溶剂合成1,2-聚丁二烯,考察了Phen和Al用量以及聚合温度对1,2-聚丁二烯微观结构及其相对分子质量的影响.结果表明,低相对分子质量聚合物是Cr和Al作用的结果,高相时分子质量聚合物是Cr、Pllen和Al作用的结果;在Phen/Cr(摩尔比)为1.0、Al/Cr(摩尔比)为20、聚合温度为50℃的条件下,Cr-Phen-Al催化荆具有高活性,可得到1,2-结构摩尔分数约为50%、相对分子质量呈双峰分布、间同度为28%的聚丁二烯.     

A Selection of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Salts of 5,5′‐Bis(1‐hydroxytetrazole) in Pyrotechnic Compositions

The dilithium ( 1 ), disodium ( 2 ), dipotassium ( 3 ) and dicesium ( 4 ) salt as well as the calcium ( 5 ), strontium ( 6 ) and barium ( 7 ) salt of 5,5′‐bis(1‐hydroxytetrazole) were prepared and characterized including NMR‐, IR‐ and Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The crystal structures of 1 , 2 and 4 – 6 were additionally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The sensitivities of the salts towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined by means of BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung‐ und prüfung) methods. The potential use of 1 , 6 and 7 as coloring agents in pyrotechnical mixtures as well as the utilization of 3 and 4 as additives in near infrared (NIR) emitting pyrotechnical formulations was examined.     

丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液的合成与性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚四氢呋喃、二羟甲基丙酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯等为基本原料,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯为封端剂,三乙胺为中和剂,乙二胺为扩链剂,采用原位乳液共聚法合成了丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯乳液。用TEM和FT-IR分析了聚合物的结构,并对成膜物的力学性能、吸水率、耐候性等进行了测试。研究结果表明,经过50％丙烯酸酯改性后,成膜物的拉伸强度由11．5MPa提高到24．1MPa,吸水率由13．6％下降到7．2％。     

无溶剂法合成高固含量水性聚氨酯

以混合二异氰酸酯[六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)/异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)]和聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA-2000)为基本原料、二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)为亲水性单体[代替目前常用的二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)]、三乙胺(TEA)为中和剂和乙二胺(EDA)为扩链剂,反应过程中不添加有机溶剂和催化剂,采用先乳化后扩链的预聚体分散法制备了固含量为50%左右的水性聚氨酯(WPU)。采用单因素试验法优选出制备WPU乳液的较佳工艺条件。结果表明:当R=n(-NCO)∶n(-OH)=1.88∶1、w(DMBA)=4.1%和n(EDA)∶n(-NCO)=0.37∶1时,WPU胶膜的强度(拉伸强度为23 MPa)和韧性(断裂伸长率为740%)俱佳。     

Optimized preparation of thermal insulation hydrophobic SiO2 aerogel based on orthogonal design method

Journal of Porous Materials - Uses tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silicon source, ethanol (EtOH) as the solvent, water (H2O) as the reactant, and trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as the surface...     

Study on Thermal Decomposition of Composite Propellants containing PCP polymer or PCP-HTPB copolymer as a binder

A modified manometric vacuum stability test (MVST) apparatus as well as a differential thermal analyzer (DTA) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to study thermal decomposition of a series of propellants. The solid propellants contained polycaprolactone (PCP) prepolymer or PCP-HTPB copolymer as binder, ammonium perchlorate (AP) and a nitramine (RDX or HMX) as oxidants, aluminum as fuel, and bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/formal (BDNPA/F) as plasticizer. The mixtures were cured with an isocyanate (Desmodur N-100). It is found from MVST examinations that propellants containing PCP polymer are more stable than ones containing PCP-HTPB copolymer. The PCP propellants were still stable after 40 hours heating at 135°C. The thermal decomposition reactions of prepared propellants during dynamic heating were indicated by two major stages of weight loss in the TGA traces.     

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Part 54: metal complexes of heterocyclic sulfonamides: a new class of antiglaucoma agents

Metal complexes of heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties were recently shown to be useful as intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering agents in experimental animals, and might be developed as a novel class of antiglaucoma drugs. Here we report the synthesis of a heterocyclic sulfonamide CA inhibitor and of the metal complexes containing main group metal ions, such as Be(II), Mg(II), Al(III), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) and the new sulfonamide as well as 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide as ligands. The new complexes were characterized by standard physico-chemical procedures, and assayed as inhibitors of three CA isozymes, CA I, II and IV. Some of them (but not the parent sulfonamides) strongly lowered IOP in rabbits when administered as a 2% solution into the eye.     

UV固化丙烯酸酯胶粘剂的合成及性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为共聚单体,并以二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)为交联剂、十二烷基硫醇(NDM)为链转移剂和乙酸乙酯为极性溶剂,采用核/壳溶液聚合法合成了侧链含C=C的丙烯酸酯预聚体;然后以此为基体树脂、丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOA)和三羟甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)为活性稀释剂、651为自由基光引发剂和碘鎓盐为阳离子光引发剂,制备了UV固化胶粘剂。研究结果表明:合成丙烯酸酯预聚体的最佳工艺条件是m(BA)∶m(MMA)∶m(GMA)∶m(TPGDA)∶m(HEA)=20∶60∶10∶4∶6、n(TPGDA)∶n(NDM)=2∶2、w(热引发剂)=3%和w(乙酸乙酯)≥70%(均相对于共聚单体总质量而言);自由基/阳离子混杂双重UV固化胶粘剂比单一自由基UV固化胶粘剂具有更大的附着力和耐酸碱性,此时前者的最佳配方中w(预聚体)=55%、w(651或碘鎓盐)=5%、w(IBOA)=15%、w(TMPTA)=12%和w(GMA)=8%(均相对于胶粘剂总物料质量而言)。     

常压下乙醇-水-醋酸钾系统汽液平衡数据的测定与关联

采用Ellis汽液两相双循环平衡蒸馏仪测定了常压下乙醇(1)-水(2)和乙醇(1)-水(2)-醋酸钾(3)物系的汽液平衡数据,结果表明：醋酸钾对乙醇(1)-水(2)系统具有盐析效应,乙醇对水的相对挥发度α₁₂上升。系统中10%(质量)的醋酸钾已经消除了乙醇-水间的共沸点,可作为加盐萃取精馏的分离剂。采用已授权的Aspen Plus软件自带的eNRTL、Wilson和UNIQUAC模型,以及eNRTL模型分别对乙醇(1)-水(2)、乙醇(1)-水(2)-10%(质量)醋酸钾(3)系统实验数据进行了关联,计算结果表明：乙醇(1)-水(2)系统中,平衡温度的平均绝对偏差（AAD）为0.72℃(eNRTL)、0.78℃(Wilson)和0.71℃(UNIQUAC),气相组成计算值的平均绝对偏差为0.0083(eNRTL)、0.0077(Wilson)和0.0101(UNIQUAC)。而在乙醇(1)-水(2)-10%(质量)醋酸钾(3)系统中平衡温度和气相组成平均绝对偏差分别为0.25℃和0.0168(eNRTL)。