电离辐射对小鼠小肠嗜银细胞的影响

本实验以相对半定量的全小肠嗜银染色计数嗜银细胞的方法对⁶⁰Coγ线不同剂量及不同时间全身一次性照射后小鼠全小肠嗜银细胞的变化进行了观察,发现1～7Gy照射后72小时,嗜银细胞数量随着照射剂量的增加逐渐增多,7Gy达峰值,8 Gy后则随剂量的增加呈指数减少,至160Gy仅为对照的11%.变化最显著的区域在10～30Gy.照射后不同时间的变化结果表明,8.10Gy照后1天嗜银细胞减少60%,2天开始回升,4～7天出现超常,2周时恢复正常.15、20Gy照后1天减少显著,2天略见回升,8～5天又复减少.30Gy照后嗜银细胞呈进行性减少直至动物死亡.这一实验结果提示小肠嗜银细胞与电离辐射的量效关系有独特的规律性变化.     

空气中天然放射性气溶胶的测量及其所致呼吸器官受照剂量的估算

本实验以相对半定量的全小肠嗜银染色计数嗜银细胞的方法对⁶⁰Coγ线不同剂量及不同时间全身一次性照射后小鼠全小肠嗜银细胞的变化进行了观察,发现1～7Gy照射后72小时,嗜银细胞数量随着照射剂量的增加逐渐增多,7Gy达峰值,8 Gy后则随剂量的增加呈指数减少,至160Gy仅为对照的11%.变化最显著的区域在10～30Gy.照射后不同时间的变化结果表明,8.10Gy照后1天嗜银细胞减少60%,2天开始回升,4～7天出现超常,2周时恢复正常.15、20Gy照后1夭减少显著,2天略见回升,8～5天又复减少.30Gy照后嗜银细胞呈进行性减少直至动物死亡.这一实验结果提示小肠嗜银细胞与电离辐射的量效关系有独特的规律性变化.     

低强度He-Ne激光照射对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞、胸腺细胞和骨髓细胞的影响

目的观察不同照射条件的低强度He-Ne激光照射对离体培养的小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞、骨髓细胞和胸腺细胞增殖的影响。方法采用MTT法检测不同照射强度和照射时间的低强度He-Ne激光对不同细胞增殖的影响。结果结果表明在(1·108~4·433)mW/cm2功率密度下照射2~5min能促进皮肤成纤维细胞增殖,照射时间>5min各功率密度的He-Ne激光均抑制其增殖;在此功率密度范围内照射2~20min均促进骨髓细胞和胸腺细胞增殖;照射时间>60min,骨髓细胞和胸腺细胞的生长明显受抑。结论相同照射条件下低强度He-Ne激光促骨髓细胞和胸腺细胞增殖的程度较皮肤成纤维细胞高,而且皮肤成纤维细胞较另两种细胞更易于被抑制增殖。     

电离辐射调控脂质体介导的p16基因在HeLa细胞中的表达

目的探讨不同剂量γ射线照射后诱导脂质体介导的p16基因在HeLa细胞中的表达及抗癌作用。方法用脂质体Lipofectamin介导重组质粒Egr-p16转染人HeLa细胞，采用RT-PCR的方法检测了。Coγ射线照射转染后的人HeLa细胞剂量效应和时程变化，用细胞计数检测细胞增殖的变化，用流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化。结果研究证实0．5～8Gv照射后p16的转录水平高于对照，在2～4Gy照射后达到峰值，2Gy照射后2—24h高于对照组，在照射后4h达到峰值，然后逐渐下降。细胞生长曲线显示体外稳定转染联合。Coγ射线照射对HeLa细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用。细胞周期变化显示转染后的HeLa细胞经过照射后G0／G1期比例呈现剂量依赖性的下降，而S期则出现剂量依赖性的增加，出现明显的S期阻滞，G2／M期在2Gy出现明显的阻滞，在5和10Gy时逐渐下降，但是仍然高于对照组。结论^60Coγ射线可诱导转染的HeLa细胞p16转录水平的增强，同时在细胞增殖上出现明显的变化。     

β射线内照射抑制血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞增殖的研究

目的 探讨β射线对血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的细胞效应。方法 培养人脐静脉内皮细胞和牛主动脉平滑肌细胞,接受0、1.25、2.5、5.0、10、20、40 Gy β射线后,以四唑盐(MTT)比色实验评价剂量-效应关系,用划痕实验研究β射线对两种细胞增殖的影响。血管内皮细胞经0、2.5、5.0、10、20 Gy照射后,进行透射电镜超微结构观察和使用流式细胞仪进行DNA倍体及凋亡率分析。结果 血管内皮细胞在照射后2、24 h,在1.25～40 Gy其增殖呈剂量依赖性抑制;在照射后48、72 h,其剂量依赖性抑制在10 Gy时处于平台期。血管平滑肌细胞在照射后2、24和48 h,其增殖抑制在10Gy时处于平台期;在照射后72h,其增殖抑制在5 Gy时处于平台期。在照射后72 h,吸收剂量为5 Gy时,血管平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞的抑制率分别为27.9％和19.0％(P=0.016);吸收剂量为10 Gy时,血管平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞的抑制率分别为33.7％和20.9％(P=0.002)。划痕实验示吸收剂量为5Gy时血管内皮细胞几乎完全充填裂隙,而平滑肌细胞较少充填裂隙;10 Gy照射后,内皮细胞充填裂隙数量减少,而平滑肌细胞几乎未充填裂隙。透射电镜未发现典型的凋亡征象,流式细胞仪检查各实验组和对照组的凋亡率均<4.4％。DNA倍体分析发现对照组G_2/M期细胞数百分比为13.09％,各照射组依次为16.     

辐射诱导小鼠外周血网织红细胞微核与骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的剂量-效应关系

目的 观察X射线照射后小鼠外周血网织红细胞微核(MN-RET)和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核(MN-PCE)的变化,为探索快速、高通量的辐射生物剂量计奠定基础.方法 54只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为3组,每组18只,分别施予X射线全身照射,吸收剂量分别为0、0.5、1、2、4和5 Gy.在照射后24、48和72 h,分别采用流式细胞术(FCM)和人工镜检的方法,观察外周血MN-RET和骨髓MN-PCE的变化.结果 在0.5～5.0 Gy范围内,3个时间点外周血MN-RET和骨髓MN-PCE均随剂量的增加而升高,剂量-效应曲线可拟合成直线回归方程(t=10.26～25.77,P<0.05);外周血MN-RET和骨髓MN-PCE之间明显相关(r=0.986-0.996,P<0.05).结论 FCM检测MN-RET有望成为快速、高通量的辐射生物剂量计或辅助诊断方法.     

对~(60)Coγ线照射后小鼠大肠某些参数的定量观察

本实验测定了不同剂量~(60)Co γ线照射后小鼠大肠长度、粘膜表面积及隐窝数的改变,得出了剂量-效应曲线。1～100Gy照射后4天,以上参数曲线下降的最低点分别约为对照值的70％,61％和51％。部分剂量组还计数了照射后1～4天隐窝数的改变,观察到在肠型放射病剂量范围内,自第三天开始,隐窝数随着时间的推移而持续下降,且下降幅度随着照射剂量的增加而加大。文中对大肠长度与粘膜面积在照射后减少的发生机理及其和隐窝数减少之间的可能关系进行了讨论。     

辐射对Jurkat细胞P21蛋白及ICR小鼠胸腺细胞p21基因表达的影响

目的 探讨电离辐射对Jurkat细胞P21蛋白和ICR小鼠胸腺细胞p21基因表达的影响.方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM),检测0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0及6.0 Gy X射线照射后Jurkat细胞中P21蛋白表达的变化.采用实时定量PCR技术,分别检测0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0及6.0 Gy X射线照射后4和24 hd'鼠胸腺及脾细胞中p21基因表达的变化.结果 不同剂量X射线照射后12和24 h,Jurkat细胞中P21蛋白表达在0.5～4.0 Gy范围内均随剂量的增大而升高(t=-24.23～-3.96,P<0.05),6 Gy时均出现表达下降(t=-11.19、-14.50,P<0.05);与假照射组相比,在0～6.0 Gy照射后4和24 h,小鼠胸腺及脾细胞中p21基因的相对表达量均随剂量增大逐渐增加(t=-29.96～8.80,P<0.05);并于6.0 Gy时达最高(t=-11.84～-3.42,P<0.05),仅胸腺细胞1 Gy照射后4 h除外(t=-3.42,P>0.05).结论 x射线能诱导P21蛋白及基因表达增加,并在一定剂量范围内存在良好的剂量-效应关系.     

γ线照射对大鼠胃酸分泌及胃泌素释放的影响

本实验观察了大鼠全身照射不同剂量(4～25Gy)及全腹部照射(10Gy)后胃酸分泌的变化并用RIA方法测定照射后胃窦及血清中胃泌素水平.结果表明,全身8～25Gy照射后第3天,腹部10Gy照射后1～6周,胃酸分泌明显抑制.主现表现为胃液中[H~+]分泌的抑制,致使照射后胃液酸度降低.10Gy以上剂量照射使胃泌素释放增加,表现为血清胃泌素明显升高,胃窦胃泌素明显减少,导致照射引起的"低胃酸、高胃泌素血症".这种表现与人的某些萎缩性胃炎或恶性贫血的状况相似.     

大剂量全身照射比格狗生物效应观察

目的 :为极重度骨髓型急性放射病实验治疗提供依据 ,观察了不同剂量照射比格狗的生物效应。方法 :60 Coγ辐射源分别照射 6 .5 ,5 .5 ,5 .0 ,4.5 ,3.5 ,2 .5Gy ,照射剂量率为 7.2 2 4× 10 _2 C/(kg·min)。观察照射动物的一般临床表现、外周血细胞计数、骨髓细胞培养。结果 :所有比格狗于照射后 0 .5～ 2h均有呕吐。 6 .5Gy照射组动物于照射后第 2天出现腹泻 ,并伴有白色黏液 ,其中 3只动物出现血水样便或咖啡样便。 5 .5Gy组有个别动物出现水样便 ,而 4.5Gy以下剂量照射组动物出现一般稀便。比格狗除 2 .5Gy组有一只动物活存外 ,其余均死亡 ,各组死亡动物平均活存时间依剂量的大小分别为 5 .0 ,8.0 ,9.3,9.5 ,10 .5和 14.1d。照射后 1d骨髓造血祖细胞集落数随照射剂量的增加而明显减少。照射后外周血白细胞和血小板数最低值出现时间随照射剂量的增大而提前 ,且剂量效应关系显著。结论 :对临床症状、外周血白细胞及活存时间的分析结果表明 ,比格狗的极重度骨髓型急性放射病 (偏轻 )模型的全身照射剂量为 4.5～ 5 .0Gy。     

γ射线对培养的兔血管平滑肌细胞的抑制作用

目的 观察体外培养的兔动脉平滑肌细胞(SMCs）对7射线照射的剂量效应关系，探讨电离辐射抑制SMCs增殖的细胞生物学机理。方法 静止期SMCs分别给予γ射线2．5，5，10，20及30Gy一次性照射后继续培养4，24或72h。以^3H—TdR掺入法、流式细胞术分析、微核实验和电镜观察γ射线对SMCs的DNA合成、增殖周期和损伤的影响。结果 在2．5Gy以上剂量γ射线一次性照射时，SMCs增殖明显抑制，细胞G0／G1期阻滞，均呈剂量依赖性。2．5Gy以下剂量γ射线照射后24h左右可见细胞凋亡增加，2．5Gy以上剂量7射线照射可使SMCs发生坏死。结论 电离辐射能抑制SMCs增殖，使细胞产生G0／G1期阻滞，并呈剂量依赖关系。SMCs死亡方式与受照射剂量有关。     

高 LET 和低 LET 辐射体外诱发细胞恶性转化的比较

目的本研究采用体外细胞转化系统，比较观察了高ＬＥＴ（２３８Ｐｕα粒子，５．２５ＭｅＶ）和低ＬＥＴ（Ｘ射线，１８０ｋＶ）辐射体外诱发成年大鼠肺成纤维细胞系（ＷＡＬ－Ｆ１）恶性转化的特点。方法①应用体外细胞转化模型；②观察指标包括转化细胞形态学和生物学特性的改变；③转化细胞在体内的致瘤作用等。结果α粒子和Ｘ射线诱发同一细胞系转化的形态学与生物学特性基本相似，但在生物学效应上二者存在以下的差异：①细胞存活曲线模型，α粒子为单击单靶模型，Ｄ０值为０．１７２Ｇｙ；Ｘ射线为单击多靶模型，Ｄ０值为１．６６Ｇｙ；②对细胞增殖能力、染色体畸变及集落形成率的影响，产生相近的生物效应所需的剂量，α粒子比Ｘ射线约低１０倍；③以在动物体内致瘤性为终点，引发肿瘤的剂量，α粒子对Ｘ射线的ＲＢＥ值为６（３．０／０．５）。结论实验表明，高ＬＥＴ对体外细胞亦具有较高的致瘤效应。     

γ射线诱发人外周血淋巴细胞T细胞受体基因突变剂量-效应和时间-效应关系

目的 初步建立T细胞受体(TCR)突变频率的剂量-效应和时间-效应模型,为探讨TCR作为估算辐射生物剂量计提供依据.方法 将10名健康成年人的外周血淋巴细胞分成两组.第1组4人(男性)的外周血淋巴细胞分别给予0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0和5.0 Gv γ射线照射,用于拟合剂量-效应曲线,第2组6人(男女各半)的外周血淋巴细胞给予2 Gy γ射线照射,用于拟合时间-效应曲线.用流式细胞仪进行计数检测,计算TCR基因突变频率.结果 γ射线照射诱发TCR MF的辐射剂量-效应曲线,拟合最佳的模型为二次方程模型:TCR MF=92.14+22·61D2(R2adj=0.65);γ射线照射诱发TCR MF的辐射时间-效应曲线,拟合最佳的模型为二次多项式方程模型:TCR MF=3.74+743.66T+308.64T2(R2adj=0.79).结论 0～5 Gy范围内TCR基因突变频率与辐射剂量存在剂量-效应关系.照后4 d内TCR基因突变频率随时间的延长而继续增加,存在时间-效应关系.

Abstract：

Objective To study the dose-effect relationship and time-effect relationship of T cell receptor (TCR) gene mutation induced by γ-rays in lymphocytes of human peripheral blood.Methods Samples of peripheral blood were collected from 10 healthy adults and lymphocytes were separated.Four samples from males used to fit time-effect curve were exposed to γ-rays at the doses of 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0,and 5.0 Gy,respectively,and 6 samples from 3 males and 3 females used to fit dose-effect curves were exposed to γ-rays of the dose of 2 Gy.Flow cytometry was used to detect the mutation frequency of TCR gene (TCR MF).Radiation dose-effect curves and time-effect curves were fitted and optimal mathematical models were selected respectively.Results The optimal mathematical model for radiation dose-effect was quadratic equation model:TCR MF = 92.14 + 22.61D2 (R2adj = 0.65).The optimal mathematical model for radiation time-effect was quadratic polynomial equation model:TCR MF = 3.74 + 743.66T + 308.64T2 (R2adj = 0.79).Conclusions TCR MF is increased as the γ-rayirradiation dose increases within the range of 0-5 Gy,and TCR MF is increased with the lapse of time within the range of 4 days after γ-ray radiation.     

天葡圣航片对小鼠辐射损伤的保护作用

目的 观察天葡圣航片对小鼠γ射线辐射损伤的保护作用. 方法 将200只雌性昆明种小鼠随机分为Ⅰ(外周血白细胞计数)、Ⅱ(骨髓有核细胞计数)、Ⅲ(小鼠骨髓细胞微核检测),Ⅳ(血中超氧化物歧化酶活性测定)、Ⅴ(血清溶血素测定)5大组(每组n=40),每大组又随机分为低、中、高剂量药物组和辐射对照组(每小组n=10).低、中、高剂量按0.12 g/kg、0.24 g/kg、0.72 g/kg灌胃给药,1次/d,连续21 d;辐射对照组给等量蒸馏水.各组根据不同指标选择不同的照射剂量,各实验项目剂量组与相应的对照组均以同一剂量γ射线全身照射1次,照射后继续灌胃给药至实验结束.分别对每大组中各药物剂量组间进行相应检测指标的比较. 结果 以3 Gy剂量照射实验后第3天,中、高剂量药物组及第14天中剂量药物组的外周血白细胞计数明显高于辐射对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05);照射后第3天,中、高剂量药物组的骨髓有核细胞数明显高于辐射对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),高剂量药物组的骨髓细胞微核率明显低于辐射对照组(χ~2=6.301,P<0.05);以6 Gy剂量照射后第7天,高剂量组的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性明显高于辐射对照组(P<0.05),以上差异有统计学意义.以2 Gy剂量照射后第14天,各剂量药物组的血清溶血素水平与辐射对照组比较差异无统计学意义. 结论 天葡圣航片对小鼠γ射线辐射损伤具有明显的保护作用.     

Effekte von Fraktionierung und Dosisleistung bei der PDR-Brachytherapie von B14-Zellen

Purpose

Present radiobiological studies for different cell lines in vitro demonstrate the equivalence and efficacy of continuous low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) and pulsed dose rate brachytherapy (PDR-BT) when using small and frequent dose pulses. The aim of this study was to examine monolayer fibroblast cultures in vitro to examine the biological effects of different pulse doses and dose rates under clinically conditiones.

Material and Methods

B14 cells, Hy B14 FAF 28, peritoneal fibroblasts, were cultured in multi-well plates and exposed to a PDR radiation source at a distance of 9 mm. The following PDR-schemes were compared: dose per pulse: 1 Gy, 2.5 Gy and 5 Gy to a total dose of 5 Gy/5 h (overall time). 10 Gy/10 h, 20 Gy/20 h and 30 Gy/30 h. The pulse duration for the examination of dose rate effects was 20 min, 30 min or 52 min corresponding to a pulse dose rate of 300 cGy/h, 200 cGy/h or 115 cGy/h. Treatment endpoints were cell survival measured by dye exclusion test and clonogenic cell survival.

Results

Cell survival decreased for pulse doses of 5 Gy compared to 2.5 Gy or 1 Gy per pulse (mean dose rate 200 to 300 cGy/h). No differences were observed with dose rates during irradiation of 300 cGy/h, 200 cGy/h or 115 cGy/h (20 Gy/l Gy).

Conclusion

Radiobiological effects of PDR-BT are dependent on the dose per pulse, with differences in biological effects only with a dose per pulse of more than 2.5 Gy, considering the described in-vitro conditiones. More examinations with a more pronounced difference in dose rate will be continued for evaluation of dose rate effects.     

Increased radiation tolerance of mouse tongue epithelium after local conditioning.

The effect of local stimulation on mitotic activity and radiation tolerance was studied in mouse tongue mucosa. Silver nitrate solution (0.5-20%) was used for local conditioning. The most effective protocol comprised three daily treatments (days 0-2), yielding a delayed increase in 24 h mitotic counts by about 30% on days 5-7. The stimulating effect was independent of silver nitrate concentration. Sham treatment with saline or anaesthesia alone clearly depressed mitotic activity on days 2-4 without any subsequent overshoot. Radiation treatment was initiated on day 5 after three daily treatments with 3% silver nitrate solution. A top-up technique was employed, consisting of fractionated irradiation (300 kV X-rays) of the whole snout, followed by graded local test doses (25 kV X-rays) to induce denudation in a confined area of the inferior tongue surface. Silver nitrate conditioning did not alter the radiosensitivity of the epithelium to single local doses, but shortened the latency to denudation from 11 to 8 days. In contrast, a clear increase in tolerance to fractionated irradiation, delivering 5 x 2.5, 5 x 3.5, 5 x 4.5 Gy or 3 x 5.2 Gy in 7 days, was observed, equivalent to about four, two, one and two extra dose fractions. This approach may be a suitable way to increase radiation tolerance of oral mucosa in clinical radiotherapy.     

The sensitivity of the in vitro cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay in lymphocytes for different and combined radiation qualities

Purpose

The dose-response relationship and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the induction of micronuclei in lymphocytes was analyzed after irradiation in vitro with a 6-MeV neutron beam that was followed by 240-kV X-rays. The dose range of the combined exposure comprised 1 to 3 Gy. For reference, the dose-effect relationships found after X-ray (0.5 to 5 Gy)-and neutron (0.5 to 4 Gy) exposure applied separately are presented. The possibility of an interaction between the 2 radiation qualities is investigated by the method of isobole calculation termed “envelope of additivity”.

Methods

Micronuclei were analyzed in PHA-stimulated, cytokinesis-blocked human lymphocytes.

Results

The dose-response relationships for the micronucleus frequencies induced by the neutron irradiation, as well as by the mixed exposure, were linear. A saturation effect was indicated after neutron doses higher than 3 Gy. After low LET exposure the dose-response curves were describable by a linear-quadratic model. For neutron-induced micronucleus frequencies, RBE-values of 2 to 3 and for the combined exposure RBE values of 1.5 to 2 were calculated for a range of effect of 0.5 to 1.5 micronuclei/binucleated lymphocyte. No indication was found for an interaction between the damage induced by X-rays and that produced by neutrons under our experimental conditions.

Conclusions

These studies demonstrate a clear dependence of micronucleus induction on radiation quality and empha-size the usefulness of the micronucleus assay in biological dosimetry, also in cases in which high LET radiation or a mixed beam is involved as the radiation source.     

Low-Dose X-Irradiation of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low-dose radiotherapy is widely accepted as a very effective treatment option for inflammatory symptoms associated with painful degenerative joint disorders. Radiation doses and fractionation schedules in practical use are empirical and mainly based on clinical observations. Experimental data are rare. The efficacy of low-dose X-irradiation on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats using different fractionation schemes was investigated in vivo, in order to explore whether there is a dose and fractionation dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adjuvant arthritis in female Lewis rats (n = 128) was induced by intradermal injection of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis on day 0. Both arthritic hind paws were sham-irradiated (group 1: days 10-14; group 2: days 15-19; group 3: days 22-26) or X-irradiated with either 5 x 1.0 Gy (group 4: days 10-14; group 6: days 15-19; group 8: days 22-26; group 10: days 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18) or 5 x 0.5 Gy (group 5: days 10-14; group 7: days 15-19; group 9: days 22-26; group 11: days 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18; group 12: days 10-14 and 22-26). The clinical parameters arthritis score (AS), hind paw volume (HPV), and body weight were determined. RESULTS: A significant decrease of the clinical arthritis parameters was observed following 5 x 0.5 Gy or 5 x 1.0 Gy during the acute maximum of the inflammatory response (days 15-19). The most pronounced treatment effect was reached after two daily fractionated series of 5 x 0.5 Gy with an early treatment onset (days 10-14) and repetition in interval (days 22-26). After the application of 5 x 1.0 Gy on days 10-14 or in a protracted scheme (days 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18), only a nonsignificant positive trend could be detected. Daily fractionated X-irradiation in the chronic phase of adjuvant arthritis (days 22-26) did not show any positive clinical effect. CONCLUSION: Low-dose radiotherapy is able to prevent a full-blown arthritic reaction if given during the florid phase of adjuvant arthritis. Two series of 5 x 0.5 Gy with an early treatment onset (days 10-14) and repetition in interval (days 22-26) were the most effective treatment schedule in this experimental study.     

Ionizing Radiation Induces HMGB1 Cytoplasmic Translocation and Extracellular Release

Objective A nucleosomal protein,HMGBI,can be secreted by activated immune cells or passively released by dying cells,thereby amplifying rigorous inflammatory responses.In this study we aimed to test the possibility that radiation similarly induces cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation and release.Methods Human skin fibroblast (GM0639) and bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells and rats were exposed to X-ray radiation,and HMGB1 translocation and release were then assessed by immunocytochemistry and immunoassay,respectively.Results At a wide dose range(4.0-12.0 Gy),X-ray radiation induced a dramatic cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation,and triggered a time-and dose-dependent HMGB1 release both in vitro and in vivo.The radiation-mediated HMGB1 release was also associated with noticeable chromosomal DNA damage and loss of cell viability.Conclusions Radiation induces HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation and extracellular release through active secretion and passive leakage processes.     

Murine haemopoietic stem cells with long-term engraftment and marrow repopulating ability are more resistant to gamma-radiation than are spleen colony forming cells.

The radiation sensitivity of various subsets in the haemopoietic stem cell hierarchy was defined using a limiting dilution type long-term bone marrow culture technique that was previously shown to allow quantification of cells with spleen colony-forming potential (day-12 CFU-S) and in vivo marrow repopulating ability (MRA). Primitive stem cells that generate new in vitro clonable colony-forming cells (CFU-C) in the irradiated marrow (MRA) and have long-term repopulation ability (LTRA) in vitro (cobblestone area forming cell, CAFC day-28) had D0 values of 1.25 and 1.38 Gy, respectively. A lower D0 was found for the less primitive CFU-S day-12, CAFC day-12 and cells with erythroid repopulating ability (0.91, 1.08 and 0.97 Gy, respectively). CFU-S day-7 were the most radiosensitive (D0 equalling 0.79 Gy), while CFU-C and CAFC day-5 were relatively resistant to irradiation (D0 1.33 and 1.77 Gy). Split-dose irradiation with a 6 h interval gave dose sparing for stem cells with MRA and even more with in vitro LTRA, less for CFU-S day-12 and CAFC day-10 and none for CFU-S day-7. The cell survival data of the specified stem cell populations were compared with the ability of a fixed number of B6-Gpi-1a donor bone marrow cells to provide for short- and long-term engraftment in single- and split-dose irradiated congenic B6-Gpi-1b mice. Serial blood glucose phosphate isomerase (Gpi) phenotyping showed less chimerism in the split as compared to the single radiation dose groups beyond 4 weeks after transplant. Radiation dose-response curves corresponding to stable chimerism at 12 weeks for single and fractionated doses revealed appreciable split-dose recovery (D2-D1) in the order of 2 Gy. This was comparable to D2-D1 estimates for MRA and late-developing CAFC (1.27 and 1.43 Gy, respectively), but differed from the poor dose recovery in cells corresponding to the committed CFU-S day-7/12 and CAFC day-10 population (0.14-0.33 Gy). These data are together consistent with differential radiosensitivity and repair in the haemopoietic stem cell hierarchy, and provide a cellular basis for explaining the dose-sparing effect of fractionated total-body irradiation conditioning on long-term host marrow repopulation.