管道振动对涡街流量计测量影响的试验研究

为研究管道振动对涡街流量计测量的影响,以国内普遍使用的应力式涡街流量计为研究对象,在气体流量管道振动试验装置上,流量范围35m3/h～145 m3/h内,分别在不同管道振动加速度（0.05g、0.1g、0.2g、0.5g、1g）、频率（40Hz、100 Hz、200 Hz）、垂直和水平方向上进行了一系列管道振动试验。通过对不同管道振动情况下的涡街流量计仪表系数误差分析发现,涡街仪表系数误差随管道振动加速度的增加而变大,抗振性能较差;相同振动加速度下,仪表系数误差随流量增大有减小趋势,小流量下对管道振动尤为敏感;同一振动加速度下,仪表系数误差随管道振动频率增大而减小;水平方向管道振动较之垂直方向仪表系数误差更小,抗振性能更好。     

箱形正交异性矩形板结构的自由振动分析

箱形正交异性矩形板结构为由四块板组成的结构。可以用一般解析解来求解这种结构的自由振动问题。这种解能用于求解板具有任意边界。对于每块板,其上边和下边具有边界条件,而在相连的两块板边则具有连续性条件。由四块板的全部条件方程式即可求解自然频率及其振型。为求解所有频率,可利用变形的对称和反对称条件,以矩形的和正方形的板结构为例进行了计算和分析。     

化工管路系统的耦合振动主动控制研究

采用特征线法获得阀门启闭动作产生的水击耦合响应瞬态规律,对化工管路系统进行了主动控制研究;通过非线性优化得到阀的优化启闭规律,为了能在工程上实现,对优化启闭规律采用自适应神经模糊推理方法处理,压力幅值与最优规律的最大差值为8kPa;利用阀的ANFIS启闭规律,测试管路末端的压力下降了13.04%之多,验证了阀的启闭动作的优化能有效地降低了压力峰值,对于水击振动的主动控制有效性。     

交通环境振动测试中的本底振动分析

Environment effects due to traffic transmit is paid more and more attention nowadays. In suit experiment is one primary approach to this problem, but because of mass background vibration, the testing data can not represent the vibration characteristic of source and promulgation. In order to obtain ideal data, two methods to remove background vibration were presented in this paper, one was Fourier Amplitude Revised Method, the other was Acceleration Vibration Level Revised Method, the two methods were tested in measured data, the result showed that the two methods were effective. Basic principles to banish background vibration were discussed in the end.     

基于微分求积法的轴向运动板横向振动分析

研究受面内载荷轴向运动薄板横向振动的运动微分方程,采用微分求积法计算四边简支轴向运动薄板的固有频率和临界速度。分析轴向运动速度、板材料刚度及长宽比对板横向振动固有频率及临界速度的影响。结果发现,随着轴向速度增大,各阶固有频率减小;随着刚度的增大,各阶固有频率增大;当长宽比较小时,轴向运动板可以用梁模型分析。     

雷暴冲击风模拟及其荷载的风洞试验研究

摘 要：本文为了研究在突变气流作用下结构的空气动力特性,介绍了利用主动控制风洞模拟突变气流的试验研究。首先通过该风洞模拟出了雷暴冲击风阵风剖面;然后,采用“阶跃流法” 模拟了风速突变的时程;最后将高层结构模型置于该突变气流中,观测在特殊气流中结构表面风压以及结构空气动力学参数的变化特征。试验结果表明,利用主动控制风洞模拟出的雷暴冲击风阵风剖面同理论的相似性达到90%以上,突变气流会使高层结构整体产生较大的非定常升力,并且在结构表面产生较大的非定常风压。     

四轮激励含相位差的汽车高维非线性超混沌动力学特性研究

分析了四轮激励具有时间延迟的汽车14维非自治动力学系统,在前后轮激励相位差作为分岔参数的前提下对其进行了全局分岔特性分析,频谱分析,通过poincare映射得到其超混沌吸引子;具体计算了特定参数条件下高维自治系统的各维李亚谱诺夫指数及特定区间的李亚谱诺夫指数谱,通过对李亚谱诺夫指数的定量研究确定非线性系统的超混沌特性;数值研究表明：在分岔参数的特定区间系统存在混沌、超混沌运动;同时分岔图也具体指明了非线性系统的失稳区间;分析结果对不同路面汽车的动力学设计及其混沌动力学控制具有一定的理论指导意义。     

基于膨胀波新发射机理的身管振动响应分析

针对膨胀波新发射机理下发射身管在各种载荷作用下的身管振动响应进行研究分析。根据膨胀波新发射机理发射过程中身管的实际受载情况,联立内弹道方程组,建立了计及身管柔性效应的振动响应方程。采用Rayleigh-Ritz模态法对振动方程解耦离散,得到便于数值求解的二阶时变方程组。通过数值求解给出了膨胀波新发射机理发射过程中的振动响应规律及不同参数条件下内弹道性能与身管振动响应间的关系,为弹丸的射击精度优化及内弹道参量合理选取理论参考。     

柱形磁致伸缩换能器辐射板的强迫振动规律

以柱形磁致伸缩换能器为对象,建立了其辐射板在磁致伸缩棒通过弹簧作用下的运动模型,给出了求解方法和级数解并讨论了弹簧刚度对辐射板振幅的影响,对合理确定换能器辐射板结构、尺寸和弹簧刚度以及优化系统工作参数等具有指导意义。     

具任意脱层压电弹性层合梁的谐响应分析

基于Timoshenko梁理论,考虑剪切变形和力电耦合效应,对压电弹性层合脱层梁进行了分区处理,可方便地描述脱层长度和脱层位置,建立了弯曲波在梁中传播的基本方程式;通过长波情况下的电势分布简化,考虑无外加电压时,对该类悬臂梁进行了求解分析。给出了梁的频散关系,得到了各位移分量和电势的解析解,分析了脱层参数对位移和电势的影响规律。     

振动时效在铝合金厚板应力消减中的局限与应用

运用振动时效对材料应力消减的作用,结合铝合金厚板残余应力消减后的分布及效果,认为振动时效对厚板结构残余应力消减作用有限。而运用位错理论和最小能量法分析,发现振动时效对材料因内部微结构差异而形成应力集中区域的应力松弛释放有所贡献,在一定激振频率和时效时间条件下,完全可以造成材料局部的微屈服,减小了微结构间残余应力水平,从而对板内应力的均匀化过程起到一定效果。借助实验对厚板振动时效前后表面应力强度和板形尺寸稳定性对比发现,振动时效对稳定板形和消减大梯度表面残余应力具有显著作用。     

Effect of laser shock processing on the fatigue crack initiation and propagation of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy

The aim of this paper was to identify the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) on the fatigue crack initiation and propagation of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy. The laser shocked specimen in which residual compressive stress is mechanically produced into the surface showed a very high dislocation density within the grains. This was evident throughout the LSP region. The spacing among the fatigue striations in the LSP region was narrow, which indicated that LSP had an obvious inhibitory action to fatigue crack initiation and growth. In contrast, the region without LSP exhibited an extremely low dislocation density. And LSP improved 7050-T7451 alloy specimens’ fatigue intensity.     

深冷处理消除铝合金板材残余应力的建模与仿真

介绍了用(热)弹塑有限元技术对铝合金板材深冷处理过程进行建模与仿真的基本原理.基于实验研究探讨了深冷处理数值模拟所需的7075铝合金材料的物性参数.运用ABAQUS6.5有限元软件,对7075铝合金板材深冷处理过程瞬态温度场与应力场进行了数值模拟.数值模拟得到的残余应力值与已发表文献的实验结果比较一致.最后分析了不同厚度铝合金板材的深冷处理应力消除效果.     

Friction stir welding characteristics of different heat-treated-state 2219 aluminum alloy plates

Friction stir welding (FSW) of 2219-O and 2219-T6 aluminum alloys was performed to investigate the effects of the base material conditions on the FSW characteristics. The experimental results indicated that the base material condition has a significant effect on weld morphologies, weld defects, and mechanical properties of joints. In the 2219-O welds, no discernible interface exists between the stir zone (SZ) and the thermal-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and weld defects are liable to form in the lower part of the weld. In the 2219-T6 welds, there is visible interface between the SZ and the TMAZ, and a weld nugget with an “onion ring”-like morphology clearly exists. The defects are liable to form in the upper part of the weld. The strength efficiency of 2219-O joints is 100%, while that of 2219-T6 joints is only up to 82%. In addition, the two types of joints have different fracture location characteristics.     

层削法在厚板内应力计算中的不确定度分析

基于实验误差和模型误差,分析厚板应力测试不确定度产生的根源,确定每一种误差源的计算准则,并对误差源提取相应的厚板实验数据,对其不确定度进行计算.在获得总的应力测试的合成标准不确定度,对测试方法的误差进行分析.计算结果表明:层削法应力测试计算不确定度小于7 MPa,具有较高的测试精度.在模型误差和实验误差的综合作用下,层削法计算模型可以保持较高的准确性.     

Constitutive modeling of deformation in high temperature of a forging 6005A aluminum alloy

The 6005A aluminum alloy is one of the most widely used alloys in aeronautic and railway industries, yet its plastic deformation behavior under hot compression is still not fully understood. Isothermal compression tests of 6005A aluminum alloy were performed using a Gleeble-1500 device, up to a 70% height reduction of the sample at strain rates ranging from 0.01 s⁻¹ to 10 s⁻¹, and deformation temperatures ranging from 573 K to 773 K. Several modeling approaches, including flow stress–strain curves, a constitutive Arrhenius-type equation model, and processing maps were used to characterize the deformation behavior of the isothermal compression of 6005A aluminum alloy in this study. The related material constants (i.e. A, β and α) as well as the activation energy Q for 623–773 K and 573–623 K temperature regimes were determined. Two sets of constitutive exponent-type equations for the 6005A aluminum alloy were proposed. Furthermore, a change in deformation mechanism occurred when changing the temperature range from 623–773 K to 573–623 K.     

7B04铝合金厚板生产过程优化的数值分析

为了优化7B04铝合金厚板生产过程,对7B04铝合金厚板生产过程中淬火、压光、拉伸过程应力场的变化和分布情况进行了数值分析.结果表明:压光过程可以降低淬火应力并使淬火应力分布均匀化,但这种作用被后续的拉伸过程大大减弱,并且压光过程导致板材两端产生较大的应力集中区域;拉伸是降低铝板材应力和使应力均匀分布的关键环节;当纵向塑性延伸率为2.5%时,拉伸效果最好.     

Effect of tool pin eccentricity on microstructure and mechanical properties in friction stir welded 7075 aluminum alloy thick plate

Four different tools with the pin eccentricity of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm were designed to friction stir weld 10 mm thick AA7075-O plate. The effect of pin eccentricity on microstructure, secondary phase particles transformation and mechanical properties of the joints was investigated. The results show that the nugget area (A_NZ) increases firstly and then decreases with increasing the pin eccentricity. When the pin with 0.2 mm eccentricity is applied, the A_NZ is the largest; meanwhile the grains size is the smallest which is about 3 μm and secondary phase particles are the most dispersive in nugget zone compared with other tools. While the grains are coarsened to 7–11 μm as the eccentricity is more than 0.4 mm, some coarse hardening particles get to cluster in the thermo-mechanically affected zone. The joints produced by the pin with 0.2 mm eccentricity perform the highest tensile strength and elongation, which is attributed to better interfaces, finer grains and more dispersive secondary phase particles.     

铝合金薄板的铣削动力响应特性仿真与实验研究

铣削加工时铣削力周期性变化,引起的工件动态应力和应变对残余应力及振动有重要影响,明确铣削过程中的动力响应规律可以有效调控残余应力的产生与再分布。以铝合金工件为例,基于ABAQUS仿真软件建立了三维动态铣削仿真模型,获得了不同铣削时刻工件应力场的分布规律,分析了铣削不同位置时工件的动力响应特性。通过铣削实验测量了工件的动态应变和铣削力,并分析了加载频率对动力响应的影响。结果表明:铣削加工边缘时更易出现应力波峰和应力集中现象;不同加载频率下应变的波动频率恒定为267 Hz,应变波动的最大范围为40με;工件的动力响应与铣削位置紧密相关。