斜裂纹对电机轴刚度弱化的影响分析

运用断裂力学理论,推导了任意倾角下沿主坐标轴方向的轴向力、弯扭等6个载荷共同作用的斜裂纹轴刚度计算公式,研究了在全开的静态下,斜裂纹深度比、轴细长比和裂纹倾角等参数对轴刚度的影响。计算结果:斜裂纹的刚度随裂纹倾角的增加而减小;而斜裂纹的刚度随细长比的增加而减小;当裂纹深度较小时,刚度变化缓慢;但当裂纹深度大于轴半径一半时,裂纹轴全部载荷作用的影响都要考虑,同时要计算裂纹轴的部分耦合刚度,所产生的耦合振动会影响转子的动力学性能。     

含横向裂纹的Jeffcott转子刚度分析

根据断裂力学理论和转子动力学理论,考虑沿3个坐标轴方向6个载荷的作用,推导出了含裂纹的转轴刚度。裂纹的开闭状态由裂纹面的应力决定。通过数值仿真计算发现:刚度在3个坐标轴方向上随着裂纹深度的变化幅度有很大差异,轴向刚度变化以及小裂纹情况下垂直于裂纹方向的刚度变化可以不考虑;随着细长比的增大,裂纹轴的刚度减小。     

含裂纹变位齿轮的动刚度分析

针对变位齿轮,啮合刚度是影响齿轮传动系统的主要因素之一。建立变位齿轮的有限元模型,并对虚拟样机进行有限元分析,裂纹对啮合刚度影响,最终造成传动性能的下降。结果表明;裂纹对齿根圆位置啮合刚度影响要大于分度圆位置;在单裂纹中,不同深度的齿根裂纹,裂纹深度越大,对啮合刚度影响也就越大;说明裂纹深度对啮合刚度影响起决定性作用,而整体啮合刚度,多裂纹比单裂纹的影响要大。     

开裂纹转子运动稳定性和振动稳态响应分析

对开裂纹转子的运动稳定性和振动稳态响应与裂纹深度、位置及轴的细长比之间的关系进行分析。研究结果表明,裂纹转子不稳定转速区随裂纹的扩展而扩大,在阻尼增大时,不稳定转速区缩小,甚至消失;受重力影响,在次临界转速附近的振动行为包含丰富的与裂纹相关的信息。     

具有横向裂纹转轴耦合刚度的数值模拟和实验研究

采用有限元和实验分析研究轴向、剪切、弯曲及扭转载荷耦合作用下,含裂纹转轴刚度随各种影响因素的变化规律.采用Dimarogonas法推导6×6维裂纹转轴有限元刚度矩阵.确定网格划分方案,同时考虑d/l、a/R以及加载点与裂纹的位置关系.模拟计算结果表明,随着裂纹深度的增大,ξ向无量纲刚度的变化最快;裂纹深度在3 mm～4 mm时,ξ向、η向的弯曲无量纲刚度差有峰值.随着裂纹细长比的增大,弯曲和轴向的耦合刚度降低.随着裂纹深度比增大,弯曲和轴向的耦合刚度增大.结果与实验结果比较表明,文中方法是正确有效的,且接近实验结果.     

风电行星斜齿轮齿根裂纹对其时变啮合刚度的影响

以风电增速斜齿轮行星轮系为研究对象,运用非线性动力学理论和数值分析法计算齿根裂纹故障时斜齿轮副的时变啮合刚度。建立不同程度的齿根裂纹并分析其对斜齿轮时变啮合刚度的影响。经研究斜齿轮齿根裂纹分为贯穿性与非贯穿型,贯穿型裂纹在深度方向上用抛物线形式进行啮合,贯穿整个齿宽;非贯穿型裂纹在深度和齿宽方向上分别用抛物线拟合。共建立二十种不同形状的斜齿轮齿根裂纹。用刚度劣化率定量分析不同程度齿根裂纹对斜齿轮副啮合刚度的影响。分析表明：无裂纹斜齿轮副啮合时,时变啮合刚度是高低循环变化的,在高低变化之间刚度是线性递变。贯穿型裂纹比非贯穿型裂纹啮合刚度劣化更明显,单齿啮合时刚度劣化更为明显。裂纹在深度方向与宽度方向上延长相同百分比时,宽度方向上刚度劣化更明显。     

基于欧拉梁单元模型的裂纹转子变刚度特性分析

裂纹转子旋转过程中,由于裂纹的非线性开/合行为导致转子刚度的变化,进而导致转子复杂的非线性振动。文章研究存在横向表面裂纹转子的纵-弯-扭耦合振动建模,并对裂纹引发的转子变刚度特性进行综合分析。转子建模采用欧拉梁单元模型,并考虑了轴向力、截面剪力、弯矩以及扭矩作用下转子运动的六个方向的自由度。裂纹单元的刚度矩阵采用柔度系数法导出,而柔度系数则由应变能理论求得。在此基础上,对一些影响裂纹转子刚度变化的主要因素如裂纹深度,梁单元长度等进行了数值分析。所得研究结果,有助于理解和揭示具有横向表面裂纹转子的非线性振动响应特性。     

裂纹转子的理论分析与实验研究

对横向裂纹转子系统建立力学模型，求得刚度矩阵，建立运动微分方程。通过运动仿真对裂纹转子基本故障特征进行了分析，得到不同裂纹深度、裂纹方向下转轴的运动特性。并通过实验，得到裂纹轴运动轴心轨迹、三维频谱，证明偏心质量、裂纹深度、方向这些因素对转子振动影响特性，其理论分析和实验结果可作裂纹故障的分析和识别依据。     

转子裂纹对叶尖间隙动态变化规律的影响

为指导叶尖间隙的动态测量和主动控制,建立了航空发动起涡轮转子缩减模型,在考虑转子部件所受热应力、离心力基础上,重点考虑了不同深度的裂纹发生在叶片和转子盘不同位置时对叶尖间隙的影响。结果表明:叶尖间隙变化范围随裂纹深度变大而变大;保持裂纹深度与叶片宽度比为0.5,分别取裂纹距离叶尖0.005,0.025和0.04m时,叶尖间隙变化范围较正常工况下最大偏移量分别为0.11,0.38和0.9mm;裂纹位于叶根时叶尖间隙的变化范围较均匀应力作用下叶尖间隙变化范围明显增大,且在发动机加、减速过程中的叶尖轨迹呈现明显不对称现象。     

裂纹转子的动平衡研究

转子上裂纹的出现使转子的刚度发生变化,给裂纹转子的动平衡带来新问题。本文通过数值仿真分析,对裂纹方位角对转子系统响应的影响进行了分析。分析结果表明,在不平衡的大小和位置不变的情况下,转子的同频响应随裂纹方位角的变化而变化,使得裂纹转子的平衡变得非常困难。     

Identification of dynamic stiffness of ball bearing joints using sensitivity analysis

Natural frequencies are used to identify the joint stiffness of a shaft-bearing system, where the shaft is assumed as a Rayleigh beam and the bearing as a linear spring. The eigenvalues for the case of uniform circular shaft are derived in a rigorous manner in terms of nondimensionalized parameters for the location of bearngs, bearing stiffness, and slenderness of the shaft. Then, sensitivities of the eigenvalues are calculated with respect to the stiffness ratio of shaft and bearing and the bearing location. Based upon these sensitivity charts, an iterative procedure is proposed to identify the bearing stiffness in an optimum sense. The step by step procedure is illustrated through a case study for a simple shaft-bearing system, where the stiffness of a set of ball bearings is successfully identified.     

Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Crack on a shaft is one of the common damages in a rotor system. In this paper, transverse vibrations are calculated to compare the influences of transverse crack and slant crack on the rotor system. Results show that the vibration amplitude of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft is larger than that with a transverse crack when the two types of crack have the same depth and the rotor system runs in the same condition. Stability and dynamic characteristics of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft under torsional excitation are analyzed by considering opening and closing of the crack. It is shown that the instability of the transverse vibration of the rotor system increases with increasing difference between the bending stiffness in two main directions, and the vibration is stable when the two bending stiffness are identical. The spectrum analysis of the steady-state response reveals that the gravity and the eccentricity produce different frequency components, and when the two bending stiffness are identical, the multiple frequency components of the torsional excitation disappear. Further investigation shows that the vibration amplitudes in combined frequencies increase rapidly in transversal, torsional, and axial vibration with increasing slant crack depth. The results are helpful for the understanding the dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on a shaft and can be used for the detection of the slant crack on a shaft.     

细长轴三刀车削受力分析

为解决细长轴加工过程中由于长径比大,刚性差,抗弯能力弱,受切削力、振动等因素影响易产生弯曲变形的问题,设计了平面圆度上相差120度三刀车削方案,从力学方面进行受力分析,建立了力学模型、有限元模型和最小拉力算法,用ANSYS软件进行仿真验证,将同等条件下普通车削和三刀车削时的扰度值进行比较,得出三刀车削方案下细长轴工件的弯曲变形量约为普通车削的五分之一.     

受弯梁中开裂纹的位置识别与分析

利用有限元计算判定受弯梁中开裂纹的位置 ,从中得出 :同正常梁相比 ,裂纹梁的固有频率与振型的变化不但与裂纹深度而且与裂纹位置有关 ,因而 ,通过裂纹梁低阶固有频率及振型的变化情况可以判定裂纹的位置。对于裂纹较浅的情况 ,直接利用振型与固有频率的变化很难判定裂纹的位置 ,必须借用一些特征参数来提高识别的敏感性 ,这样 ,裂纹梁中早期裂纹的识别也是可行的     

Closed-form solutions for crack detection problem of Timoshenko beams with various boundary conditions

An analytical approach for crack identification procedure in uniform beams with an open edge crack, based on bending vibration measurements, is developed in this research. The cracked beam is modeled as two segments connected by a rotational mass-less linear elastic spring with sectional flexibility, and each segment of the continuous beam is assumed to obey Timoshenko beam theory. The method is based on the assumption that the equivalent spring stiffness does not depend on the frequency of vibration, and may be obtained from fracture mechanics. Six various boundary conditions (i.e., simply supported, simple–clamped, clamped–clamped, simple–free shear, clamped–free shear, and cantilever beam) are considered in this research. Considering appropriate compatibility requirements at the cracked section and the corresponding boundary conditions, closed-form expressions for the characteristic equation of each of the six cracked beams are reached. The results provide simple expressions for the characteristic equations, which are functions of circular natural frequencies, crack location, and crack depth. Methods for solving forward solutions (i.e., determination of natural frequencies of beams knowing the crack parameters) are discussed and verified through a large number of finite-element analyses. By knowing the natural frequencies in bending vibrations, it is possible to study the inverse problem in which the crack location and the sectional flexibility may be determined using the characteristic equation. The crack depth is then computed using the relationship between the sectional flexibility and the crack depth. The proposed analytical method is also validated using numerical studies on cracked beam examples with different boundary conditions. There is quite encouraging agreement between the results of the present study and those numerically obtained by the finite-element method.     

裂纹转子的刚度模型

对于转子轴来说,裂纹的存在主要影响转轴的刚度,进一步影响转子的动力特性.对裂纹转子系统中现有的几种刚度模型进行简略的总结后,提出两种新的确定刚度的方法.新提出的两种方法与现有刚度模型的原理不同,确定的裂纹张开区域不同,从而得到的刚度也不相同.通过与试验曲线的比较发现,新提出的应力强度因子为零法能更好地反映裂纹转子的刚度变化.     

The dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on the shaft

For a Jeffcott rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft, the motion equations are established with four directions, i.e. two transversal directions, one torsional direction and one longitudinal direction. It can be seen from the deducing process of the stiffness with the strain energy release approach that there are coupling stiffnesses of bending–torsion, bending–tension and torsion–tension for the slant-cracked shaft and only bending–tension for the transverse-cracked one. The paper shows that besides the coupling stiffnesses, there is bending–torsion coupling caused by the eccentricity. All these couplings affect the responses of the slant-cracked shaft and the transverse-cracked one. Comparing responses of a cracked shaft with an open crack model and those with a breathing crack model finds that there are the same prominent characteristic frequencies for these two kinds of shafts, even though the cracked shaft with a breathing crack model behaves much more non-linear than that with an open crack model. Therefore, almost all studies in this paper adopt the open crack model since it needs taking much longer time to compute responses of a breathing cracked shaft than that of an open cracked shaft. Analyses of steady responses indicate that the combined frequencies of the rotating speed and the torsional excitation in the transversal response and the frequency of the torsional excitation in the longitudinal response can be used to detect the slant crack on the shaft of the rotor system.     

A study on the prevention of cracks on the trepan area of motor bearing

Trepan prevents the wear of the inside part of a bearing when the initial shaft rotates. It continuously contacts with the eccentric part of the shaft in rotation and is loaded repeatedly. Therefore, even if an early crack of a trepan part is small, the crack may progress by the repeated load. If the crack progresses, very small chips come out. This is put in the rotor and prevents the rotation of the compressor. There can be leaks in a microgroove and extreme wear can occur due to lack of oil on the surface contact part. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare and investigate the trepan strength and deflection characteristics between trepan locations and dimension changes using the finite element method and search a motor bearing for a model with bigger stiffness of a trepan part and the same deflection.