超期可回收下腔静脉滤器的回收

目的探讨超期的可回收滤器是否仍可回收以及回收的技术要点和安全性。方法自2009年1月至2012年6月,共实施6例超期可回收下腔静脉滤器回收手术,其中Günther Tulip(CookMedical,Bloomington,IN)2例,OptEase(Cordis Corporation,Bridgewater,NJ)4例。Günther Tulip 2例分别植入了120 d和140 d,OptEase 4例平均植入时间为56 d。结果 2例Günther Tulip均顺利回收,患者术中无不适主诉,术后造影下腔静脉无充盈缺损、无对比剂外漏。4例OptEase中3例取出,1例放弃。结论超期的可回收下腔静脉滤器多数仍是可以被顺利回收的,回收的成功率与植入的时间和滤器的结构有关,细致小心的术中操作可避免严重并发症的发生。因此,对多数因各种原因错过了最佳回收时间的可回收下腔静脉滤器植入患者来说,回收手术仍是值得尝试的。     

Gunther Tulip下腔静脉滤器置入术的临床应用

目的:评价GuntherTulip下腔静脉滤器置入术对预防肺栓塞(PE)的效果及使用中的问题。方法:对16例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者实施经皮股静脉穿刺GuntherTulip下腔静脉滤器置入术,术后立即行下腔静脉(IVC)造影及术后1,3,6,12个月分别摄腹部平片或做滤器处彩超,观察滤器位置、形态及有无并发症。结果:16例均经股静脉成功置入滤器于肾静脉下方1·16±1·21cm的IVC内,3例滤器释放瞬间有一向前弹性冲力,但滤器前跳均<0·5cm。1例经左股静脉置入滤器倾斜度>15°,无扩展不良。复查时均未发现滤器移位及PE发生。结论:GuntherTulip下腔静脉滤器置入术对预防肺栓塞是一种操作简便、安全、有效的方法,其可取出体外的特点而具有广阔的应用前景。     

下肢深静脉血栓治疗中下腔静脉滤器的临床应用

目的探讨下腔静脉滤器(IVCF)在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中预防肺栓塞的安全性、有效性。方法31例确诊为下肢深静脉血栓的患者于其他治疗前置入IVCF,共置入滤器31支,其中Simmon Nitinol滤器(SNF)7支,Trap Ease滤器(TEF)18支,可回收式Opt Ease滤器(OEF)6支,滤器均放置于肾静脉开口之下的下腔静脉。滤器放置后对18例下肢深静脉血栓行抗凝溶栓治疗,13例行手术取栓。结果31例IVCF置入全部成功,其中,SNF滤器倾斜3例,倾斜角度均小于15°。术后随访1～38个月,无1例症状性肺栓塞发生,无其他相关并发症。下肢深静脉血栓经治疗后,症状及体征消失或缓解。结论下肢深静脉血栓治疗中,IVCF置入可有效预防肺栓塞的发生,但需精心选择手术适应证、手术指征和合适的滤器。     

下肢深静脉血栓治疗与腔静脉滤器的使用

目的 探讨下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗中的应用价值.方法 对46例急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者行腔静脉滤器植入术,并给予相应抗凝等综合治疗.观察滤器的位置、形态及有无并发症.结果 所有患者静脉滤器均成功植入,4例患者出现相关并发症.40例患者随访3～6个月,无滤器移位,血栓形成及致命性肺栓塞发生.结论 下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中能有效地预防肺动脉栓塞的出现,但需谨慎操作,严格掌握适应证,减少相应并发症的出现.     

下腔静脉滤器预防肺栓塞及其并发症

目的 探讨下腔静脉滤器置入术(IVCF)预防肺动脉栓塞(PE)的疗效、相关并发症及处理.方法70例下肢深静脉血栓患者,溶(取)栓术前均行下腔静脉滤器置入术:永久性Trap Ease滤器(TEF)20枚,永久性Vena Tech滤器(VTF)31枚,可回收性OptEase~(TM)滤器(OEF)13枚,临时性TempoⅡ滤器8枚;71枚位置在肾静脉开口下方,1枚位置在肾静脉开口上方.结果 术后随访8～72个月.70例中,无一例出现PE,6例出现相关的并发症.结论 下腔静脉滤器置入可以有效预防肺梗死,但应严格掌握适应证.     

下腔静脉滤器植入术预防肺动脉栓塞症的应用价值

目的探讨经皮穿刺下腔静脉滤器植入术(IVCF)预防肺动脉栓塞症的临床应用价值。方法自2004年9月—2007年1月对10例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者施行IVCF植入术。男6例,女4例,年龄45~79岁,患者经健侧股静脉径路植入IVCF全部成功,植入部位均为肾静脉开口水平以下,随访12~30个月。结果本组10例均成功植入,术后无局部血肿及血栓形成,均无肺栓塞发生,无一例滤器移位、腔静脉血栓阻塞和死亡。然而5例患者均残存不同程度的患侧肢体麻木、无力、肿胀等下肢静脉功能不全症状。1例术后1月停用华法林,自行中药治疗而再次股静脉栓塞,但未发生肺栓塞。结论IVCF植入术能有效预防肺动脉栓塞,并防止再发肺栓塞所致死亡,对深静脉血栓形成患者是一种安全、有效的防治措施。     

经肘下腔静脉滤器置入术六例

目的 探讨经肘下腔静脉滤器置入的方法及并发症的防治.方法 2004年10月至2006年5月我科收治的下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者中,有6例采取经肘静脉穿刺下腔静脉滤器置入.6例均经右肘正中静脉或贵要静脉穿刺,将SNF(Simon nitinol filter,Bard)沿90 cm长鞘置人下腔静脉.结果 6例手术均1次成功,用时平均25 rain.除1例肘部穿刺点有轻度红肿外,其余均愈合良好,无出血或血肿,无静脉炎.滤器位置准确,无偏斜.患者均无肺栓塞发生.结论 经肘下腔静脉滤器置人术穿刺容易,创伤小,术后患者无需卧床制动,有利丁DVT的治疗.同时,对于经股静脉穿刺有禁忌的DVT患者,经肘下腔静脉滤器置入更不失为较好的替换选择.     

可回收下腔静脉滤器预防肺栓塞实验研究

目的：评价新型可回收下腔静脉滤器(RNIVCF)的稳定性、血栓捕获能力、可回收性及安全性。方法：体外实验评定RNIVCF捕获直径2．5、3和4mm混合血栓的能力。实验犬12只，10只经股静脉注入直径2．5mm自体不透X线混合血栓，评价RNIVCF血栓捕获能力；2只在置入RNIVCF后第7天尝试取出。摄腹部及胸部平片验证滤过效果。结果：体外实验证实RNIVCF捕获了直径3和4mm混合血栓的100%，直径2．5mm混合血栓的95％～100％。成功地在12只犬下腔静脉(IVC)经皮置入13枚RNIVCF，其中1只犬为双IVC，置入2枚滤器。lO只犬体内的11枚RNIVCF成功地捕获了经股静脉注入的直径2．5mm的混合血栓，无一死亡。2枚滤器在置入后第7夫经皮回收没有困难。结论可回收滤器既可以长期留置，又可以临时置入，更为实用。优点：①可经皮经5F输送器置入及回收；②滤器无钩刺，对腔静脉壁无损伤；③置入后稳定；④捕获小血栓有效。     

下腔静脉可回收滤器置入预防肺栓塞

目的:评价可回收下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓患者中预防肺栓塞效果和安全性。方法:34例下肢深静脉血栓患者全部行下腔静脉滤器置入术,其中12例采用永久性Trap Ease Filter(TEF),16例采用可回收性OptEaseTMFilter(TEF),6例采用可回收性Gunther Tulip Filter(GTF)滤器,滤器均置于肾静脉水平以下的下腔静脉中。结果:34例滤器均经股静脉穿刺置入,16例可回收性OptEaseTMFilter中12例2周后经股静脉取出。6例可回收性Gunther Tulip Filter(GTF)滤器两周后经右颈内静脉取出。手术成功率100%。随访30例(随访时间:2~28个月),12例永久滤器病人中有1例出现倾斜,但角度小于15℃,1例下腔静脉血栓形成,术中术后未出现滤器移位,穿破管壁和肺栓塞。结论:可回收性下腔静脉滤器是预防肺栓塞安全、有效的方法之一,且并发症少。     

Translumbar high inferior vena cava access placement in patients with thrombosed inferior vena cava filters

Venous access is a dire necessity in some patients such as those with end-stage renal disease or short gut syndrome. The right internal jugular vein is the preferred entry site for tunneled central venous catheters. Alternatively, the left internal jugular is considered next, with the external jugular and subclavian veins being considered later. Catheter-related venous stenosis approaches 40% in certain sites, resulting in loss of access sites. As sites are lost, insertion of functional long-term central venous catheters becomes challenging. Translumbar inferior vena cava (IVC) access created in two patients with limited venous access sites who had thrombosed IVCs containing IVC filters is described. Because of the higher IVC punctures in these cases, procedural planning with cross-sectional imaging is crucial to avoid puncturing the right renal artery as it passes posterior to the IVC.     

Multisegmental anomaly of the inferior vena cava with thrombosis of the left inferior vena cava

We present a rare case of an extensive venous thrombosis associated with a multisegmental anomaly of the inferior vena cava (IVC), double IVCs, a hypoplastic right IVC, an aneurysm arising at the distal portion of the right IVC, and a severe stenosis between the prerenal and the hepatic segments of the IVC.     

The inferior vena cava: mass effects.

Gray scale ultrasound evaluation of the inferior vena cava is essential for adequate workup of abdominal tumors. Demonstration of perivascular nodal masses and/or invasion of the inferior vena cava is of prognostic significance and of value in planning the surgical approach. In addition, accurate delineation of the extent of such tumor invasion by ultrasonography may preclude additional study by more invasive diagnostic procedures, such as angiography. Results of ultrasonic examination of six patients are reported; all were shown to have significant mass effects on the inferior vena cava.     

The inferior vena cava clip. The percutaneous approach

Pulmonary embolism in high-risk patients may be minimized by surgical inferior vena cava (IVC) clipping or by the insertion of caval filters. A percutaneous clipping technique was developed that narrows the cava while allowing caval patency. The caval clip is inserted through a percutaneous translumbar approach under fluoroscopic control. Nine dogs underwent percutaneous translumbar caval clip placement without complications. Three of four dogs, followed-up for 5 to 19 weeks by angiography and caval pressure measurements, showed caval patency. This technique eliminates the risks of surgical IVC clip placement and risks from the insertion of intravascular foreign bodies such as filters.     

Agenesis of the inferior vena cava

A case of agenesia of 3 of the 4 segments the vena cava inferior is presented. The embryogenesis of the v. cava inferior is discussed in so far as is relevant for the malformation in this case. Exact diagnosis and classification can be made via intravenous and intraarterial DSA and computed tomography.