不同形貌ZnO悬浮液中H_2O_2的定量检测

H2O2被认为是ZnO产生抗菌性能的主要原因。利用专一化学反应,结合分光光度分析,定量检测了四针状氧化锌晶须、纳米氧化锌和普通工业级氧化锌悬浮液中过氧化氢的产生量,并讨论了形貌和光照条件对ZnO悬浮液中过氧化氢产量的影响。结果表明,上述3种ZnO悬浮液在模拟日光、紫外光及无光条件下都可以产生过氧化氢,四针状氧化锌晶须产生的过氧化氢量最多,其次是纳米氧化锌,最后是普通氧化锌;分析认为,形貌对过氧化氢产量的影响程度超过粒径和比表面积。     

金属锌高温氧化制备四针状氧化锌晶须

通过研究金属锌高温氧化产物的形貌特征,进一步了解四针状氧化锌晶须的形成机理。以金属锌锭为原料,浇铸成重10~50g的小锌块,装入氧化铝坩埚中,在马弗炉内从室温加热至1000~1250℃,将金属锌蒸发氧化,获得氧化锌产物。实验分析了金属锌块用量、保温温度对氧化锌形貌的影响。X-射线衍射测定显示,产物为六方纤锌矿结构的氧化锌。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)比较分析了不同实验条件下产物的形貌,当保温温度1200℃,金属锌用量分别为20g、30g时,产物为较均匀的四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)。分析结果表明,T-ZnOw的生长由晶核的形成和针状体晶须的长大两个阶段组成,调控锌蒸气的产生和氧化过程,可获得形貌为T-ZnOw的氧化锌产物。     

形貌和光照条件对ZnO抗菌性能的影响

检测了四针状氧化锌晶须、纳米氧化锌和普通工业级氧化锌的抗菌性能,比较了形貌和光照条件对ZnO抗菌性能的影响,并研究了ZnO对不同菌种的抗菌性能差异.结果表明,Zno形貌对其抗菌性能有较大影响,有光条件下ZnO抗菌性能大于无光条件下,3种ZnO对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能均比对金黄色葡萄球菌好.     

T-ZnO_w制备过程中工艺参数的影响

采用常压下直接热蒸发锌粉的方法制备了四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)。研究了升温速率及保温温度对晶须产量、结构及形态的影响。利用SEM及XRD对产物进行了表征。实验结果表明前期升温速率为3℃/min时,所制备T-ZnOw形貌最为规整,且产率高达95%。随着前期升温速率的提高,产物是不均匀的四针状氧化锌晶须,晶须尺寸增加。随着保温温度的增加,晶须细化,但晶须结构的完整性及产量都有所下降。     

磁性改性四针状氧化锌晶须的制备及其表征

本文通过原位合成方法制备了磁性改性四针状氧化锌晶须(M-ZnOw),并通过焙烧处理对M-ZnOw的成分进行了调整.在此基础上,对M-ZnOw的微观形貌、成分、磁学性能进行了表征,结果表明M-ZnOw保持了四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)的四针状结构,且在晶须表面均匀生长有磁性纳米颗粒,M-ZnOw可在室温下表现出超顺磁性、铁磁性等磁学性能.对M-ZnOw原位合成工艺的进一步研究结果表明,PEG在ZnO和磁性纳米颗粒间起到了桥联作用.     

四脚状氧化锌晶须的微波电磁性能

以锌粉为原料,采用碳还原剂控制法制备了四脚状氧化锌晶须。用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射分析方法对产物进行了表征。实验结果表明,该晶须为纯氧化锌,属于六方晶系纤锌矿结构;整个氧化锌晶须基本为四脚状晶须结构。通过热力学分析及试验表明,在1220~1350 K的温度时,可以得到完整的四脚状氧化锌晶体。用波导法对所得晶须进行了磁导率和介电常数的测量。微波电磁性能试验表明,四脚状氧化锌晶须是一种介电损耗材料,具有一定的微波吸收性能。     

常压水热法制备纳米多界面结构氧化锌及其电磁波损耗特性

采用常压水热法制备了具有系列多界面结构的氧化锌,并对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌和电磁波损耗特性做了研究。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了不同反应条件对氧化锌纳米结构形貌的影响,发现改变锌盐种类和氢氧化钠浓度能够得到不同形貌的氧化锌纳米多界面结构;动力学研究结果表明,不同锌盐制备氧化锌的成核速率几乎相等,晶体生长阶段的速率却存在明显的差异,由此提出基于极性晶面阴离子吸附的纳米氧化锌低维结构生长机理。电磁波损耗特性的初步研究结果表明,纳米界面结构的形貌对其电磁波损耗性能有显著影响。     

氧化锌低维结构材料场发射性能研究进展

ZnO具有负的电子亲和势、丰富的结构和形貌可设计性以及良好的机械和化学稳定性等优点,是一种最有前途的阴极电子发射材料.结合作者实验室的工作,综述了近年来迅速发展的ZnO低维结构的场发射特性以及制备方法、形貌结构、排列及密度、表面吸附、掺杂和热处理等因素对其场发射性能的影响,介绍了四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)作为场发射阴极材料的优势.     

平衡气量法制备四针状氧化锌晶须生长动力学研究

以金属锌为主要原料,用平衡气量控制法制备了具有四针状结构的氧化锌晶须,并对晶须生长过程进行了研究,发现通过控制反应原料锌的氧化速度可以分别控制晶须核心体部分和针状体部分的生长速度.提出了将锌的氧化反应、晶核形成过程、晶体生长过程等复杂反应简化为简单一级反应加以控制,通过控制反应区氧气量来控制整个反应速度和晶须结构,测定出四针状氧化锌晶须核心体生成和针状体生长两个阶段的速度常数分别为0.30 min-1和1.08 min-1,计算出ZnO晶须核心部分和针状体部分的重量比约为1:20.     

纳米T-ZnOW的制备及其生长机理研究

以锌粒为原料，分子筛为催化剂，利用真空控氧高温气相氧化法，制备了纳米四针状氧化锌晶须（T—ZnOw）。利用XRD和SEM、TEM对产物进行物相分析和形貌观察。结果表明：产物为纯六方晶系纤锌矿结构氧化锌；体系压力和反应温度是影响晶须形貌的两个重要因素。当温度恒定为1038℃，而压力低于11083Pa时，均可获得根部直径为20—80nm、针长500nm-2μm、形貌规整的纳米T—ZnOw。TEM研究表明，纳米T—ZnOw的针部为单晶，而核心为多重孪晶结构，其生长遵循气固生长机理。     

Microwave absorption behaviors of tetra-needle-like ZnO whiskers

A novel type of microwave absorption coating was prepared using tetra-needle-like zinc oxide whiskers as the main functional agent. The results of the experiments show that the composite coatings containing ZnO whisker appear to have good efficiency of microwave absorption, and the effect is influenced by the aspect ratio (length to diameter, L/D), the content of the T-ZnO whiskers and the resistivity of the whiskers. Microwave-heat transformation of this kind of whisker and its composite was investigated, and the results indicated that the apparent density affected the efficiency of the heat generating. The suitable value of the apparent density is 0.16–0.18 g/cm³. The mechanism of microwave absorption and microwave-heat transformation was explained by the semiconductive networks formed by the tetra-needle shape, diffuse reflections results from quasi-antenna, multipoles due to charge concentration and the multi-interfaces in the composites.     

Prospects of microwave processing: An overview

Microwave processing has been emerging as an innovative sintering method for many traditional ceramics, advanced ceramics, specialty ceramics and ceramic composites as well as polymer and polymer composites. Development of functionally gradient materials: joining; melting; fibre drawing; reaction synthesis of ceramics; synthesis of ceramic powder, phosphor materials, whiskers, microtubes and nanotubes; sintering of zinc oxide varistors; glazing of coating surface and coating development have been performed using microwave heating. In addition, microwave energy is being explored for the sintering of metal powders also. Ceramic and metal nanopowders have been sintered in microwave. Furthermore, initiatives have been taken to process the amorphous materials (e.g. glass) by microwave heating. Besides this, attempt has been made to study the heating behaviour of materials in the electric and magnetic fields at microwave frequencies. The research is now focused on the use of microwave processing for industrial applications.     

Prospects of microwave processing: An overview

Microwave processing has been emerging as an innovative sintering method for many traditional ceramics, advanced ceramics, specialty ceramics and ceramic composites as well as polymer and polymer composites. Development of functionally gradient materials, joining, melting, fibre drawing, reaction synthesis of ceramics, synthesis of ceramic powder, phosphor materials, whiskers, microtubes and nanotubes, sintering of zinc oxide varistors, glazing of coating surface and coating development have been performed using microwave heating. In addition, microwave energy is being explored for the sintering of metal powders also. Ceramic and metal nanopowders have been sintered in microwave. Furthermore, initiatives have been taken to process the amorphous materials (e.g. glass) by microwave heating. Besides this, an attempt has been made to study the heating behaviour of materials in the electric and magnetic fields at microwave frequencies. The research is now focused on the use of microwave processing for industrial applications.     

Enhancement of the electromagnetic wave absorption via the bamboo-like SiC whiskers with high-density stacking faults

It is a focus of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials to control the microscopic appearance and structure design of materials to achieve good absorbing performance. Herein, we synthesized the bamboo-like β-SiC whiskers with numerous stacking faults using bamboo pulp paper. The results show that the bamboo-like β-SiC whiskers stacking faults are mostly concentrated at the bamboo nodes of the whiskers which had a significant impact on conductive and polarization losses. The composite with β-SiC whiskers/paraffin mass ratio of 0.5 shows good EM wave absorption capacity with a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of ? 46.62 dB at 2.35 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.4 GHz (8.3–11.7 GHz) at 2.50 mm. The conductance loss, dipole polarization, polarization relaxation loss, and interfacial polarization induced by the bamboo-like structure are the major factors to improve its microwave absorption performance. This work provides a new idea for designing biomass-derived materials for excellent microwave absorbers.

     

Hierarchical and Porous Structures of Carbon Nanotubes-Anchored MOF Derivatives Bridged by Carbon Nanocoils as Lightweight and Broadband Microwave Absorbers

High-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials have attracted more and more attention because they can effectively prevent microwave radiation and interference from electronic devices. Herein, a new type of MA composite is constructed by introducing carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-anchored metal–organic framework derivatives (MOFDs) into a conductive carbon nanocoil (CNC) network, denoted as CNC/CNT-MOFD. The CNC/MOFD shows a wide effective absorption band of 6.7 GHz under a filling ratio of only 9% in wax-matrix. This is attributed to the hierarchical and porous structures of MOFD bridged by the uniformly dispersed conductive CNC network and the cross-polarization induced by the 3D spiral CNCs. Besides, the as-grown 1D CNTs improve space utilization, porosity, and polarization loss of the composites, resulting in the increase of imaginary permittivity, which further realizes impedance matching and energy attenuation. The Ni nanoparticles in layers of MOFD and at the tips of CNTs generate magnetic loss, promoting the low-frequency absorption ability. Resultantly, RCS values of the optimized composite in all tested theta (θ) ranges are less than −25 dB m² at 9.5 GHz, effectively reducing the probability of the target detected by the radar.     

Oriented Polarization Tuning Broadband Absorption from Flexible Hierarchical ZnO Arrays Vertically Supported on Carbon Cloth

A novel strategy is used to design large‐scale polarized carbon‐based dielectric composites with sufficient interaction to electromagnetic waves. Highly uniform polar zinc oxide arrays are vertically grown on a flexible conductive carbon cloth substrate (CC@ZnO) via an in situ orientation growth process. Anion regulation is found to be a key factor to the morphology of hierarchical ZnO arrays including single‐rod, cluster and tetrapod‐shaped. As a typical dielectric loss hybrid composite, the electromagnetic parameters of the CC@ZnO system and charge density distribution in polarized ZnO rods confirm that the 3D intertwined carbon cloth is used as a conductive network to provide ballistic electron transportation. Moreover, the defect‐rich ZnO arrays are well in contact with the CC substrate, favoring interface polarization, multiscattering, as well as impedance matching. Surprisingly, the efficient absorption bandwidth of the CC@ZnO‐1 composite can reach 10.6 GHz, covering all X and Ku bands. The oriented ZnO possesses oxygen vacancies and exposure to a large amount of intrinsic polar surfaces, encouraging the polarization behavior under microwave frequency. Optimized CC@ZnO materials exhibit fast electron transportation, strong microwave energy dissipation, and superior wide absorption. The results suggest that the CC@ZnO composites have promising potential as flexible, tuning, and broadband microwave absorbers.     

燃烧法合成花状、四针状氧化锌及其气敏性能研究

研究了以锌粉为原料,活性炭为催化剂,高温气相氧化反应制备花状、四针状和无定形氧化锌的合成条件及形貌.X射线衍射结果表明该晶体属六方晶系纤锌矿结构.扫描电镜研究结果表明活性炭催化剂用量、反应温度对产物氧化锌晶须的形态影响很大,对所有样品的气敏元件在浓度范围为5×10(-6)～2×10(-4)的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和正丙醇气体...     

Vapor phase synthesis of ZnO structures

We observed zinc oxide structures formed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere as a result of oxidation of the surface of zinc droplets. The gas-phase oxidation leads to the formation of hollow ZnO whiskers on the metal surface, which grow due to the transport of zinc vapor through their channels. It was found that high partial pressures of zinc and atomic oxygen give rise to fractal structures, which appear in a cascade process involving the sequential formation of zinc oxide vapor, ZnO clusters, and cluster aggregates as a result of the cluster-cluster interaction. A deposit of ZnO synthesized on the cathode surface exhibits a columnar structure.     

Size-dependent electrical conductivity of indium zinc oxide deposited by RF magnetron sputtering

We investigated the size-dependent electrical conductivities of indium zinc oxide stripes with different widths from 50 nm to 4 microm and with the same thickness of 50 nm deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The size of the indium zinc oxide stripes was controlled by e-beam lithography. The distance of the two Ti/Au Ohmic electrodes along the indium zinc oxide stripes was kept constant at 25 microm. The electrical conductivity decreased as the size of the indium zinc oxide stripes decreased below a critical width (80 nm). The activation energy, derived from the electric conductivity versus temperature measurement, was dependent on the dimensions of indium zinc oxide stripes. These results can be understood as stemming from surface charge trapping from the absorption of oxygen and/or water vapor, which leads to an increase in the energy difference between the conduction energy band and the Fermi energy.