镁合金电阻点焊接头中的缺陷

研究了新型轻质镁合金在电阻点焊中的主要缺陷,分析了焊接缺陷的形貌特点、形成原因和危害,为提高镁合金点焊接头质量提供了依据.结果表明,在镁合金电阻点焊接头中的裂纹为结晶裂纹,与电流特性、结晶时的应力状态和成分偏析有关;缩松和缩孔的产生主要与焊接过程中金属热膨胀及焊接后期锻压力大小有关;电极粘附和焊接喷溅是镁合金点焊中最常见的缺陷,产生的主要原因是电极与工件以及工件与工件界面处局部过热造成的.     

纯钛/镁合金异种材料电阻点焊接头组织和性能分析

采用电阻点焊技术焊接TA2纯钛板和AZ31B镁合金板。研究了不同焊接参数（点焊电流、点焊时间和电极压力）对焊点拉剪强度的影响,分析Ti/Mg焊点界面区域微观组织构成及显微硬度分布。分析结果表明,Ti/Mg焊点拉剪强度随点焊电流、焊接时间和电极压力的增大呈现先增加后降低的趋势。当采用点焊电流10 kA,焊接时间8周波,电极压力4 kN等参数时,Ti/Mg焊点拉剪力达到最大值3.7 kN。能谱分析表明,Mg/Ti界面反应层由Mg 17 Al 12 ,α-Mg和TiAl 3 等相组成,其具有最大显微硬度146 HV。     

镁合金电阻点焊接头的拉剪断裂

采用体视显微镜、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等设备研究了镁合金电阻点焊接头的断裂模式和断口形貌。结果表明,在拉剪试验中,接头断裂模式主要有两种,即结合面断裂和纽扣断裂。熔核内的结晶裂纹对结合面断裂接头性能影响较大,而对纽扣断裂接头性能影响不大。对于纽扣断裂,裂纹在熔核的胞状树枝晶区萌生,而后沿着熔核周围的胞状树枝晶区迅速扩展,并沿板厚方向依次通过热影响区和母材。结合面断裂断口表面具有金属光泽,且较为平整。而纽扣断裂断口形貌在不同位置上具有不同的特点,这些特点与不同位置所受的应力状态有关。     

镁合金电阻点焊凝固裂纹机理

为了获得高性能的镁合金电阻点焊接头,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪研究了点焊接头裂纹的形成机理.结果表明,结晶裂纹的形成,主要与Al和Mn元素偏析造成的晶间低熔点液态薄膜,以及冷却过程中产生的拉伸应力有关.点焊参数(热输入)对熔核结晶裂纹敏感性有很大的影响.热输入增加将增大由熔核收缩引起的拉伸应力,增加原子偏析浓度进而降低液态薄膜熔点,以致于延长拉伸应力的作用时间.因此,应该选择相对低的热输入来降低点焊接头的凝固裂纹敏感性.     

镁合金交流和直流点焊接头组织分析

采用交流和直流两种方法对AZ31B镁合金进行了电阻点焊，分析了接头的组织形态。结果显示，焊点熔核中心为细小的等轴晶，结晶后的组织为非平衡凝固产生的远离平衡态的组织，在先共晶α-Mg相上析出β-Mg17Al12离异共晶体；直流点焊中加大电极压力使得焊点热影响区组织形态由等轴晶转换为树枝晶；交流点焊规范的改变不引起焊点组织形态的变化，只是影响析出相的数量。     

镁合金电阻点焊液化裂纹机理研究

为了获得高性能的镁合金电阻点焊接头,利用体视显微镜、扫面电镜等设备研究了点焊接头热影响区裂纹的形貌,并研究了裂纹的形成机理及控制方法.结果表明,热影响区裂纹属于液化裂纹,其出现在紧靠点焊熔核的热影响区,并且能够扩展到点焊接头的表面,它可能是由结晶裂纹在熔核边缘产生的应力集中引起的.液化裂纹的形成主要与低熔点液化膜(由低固溶度的原子扩散到熔化的晶界而形成)和冷却过程中产生的拉伸应力有关.应该选择相对低的热输入(即相对小的焊接电流、短的焊接时间或者高的电极压力)来降低热影响区液化裂纹敏感性.     

异种铝合金电阻点焊接头的组织及性能

采用电阻点焊工艺对厚度为2 mm的5182铝合金和5754铝合金进行搭接焊,并使用金相显微镜观察其显微组织特点,使用拉伸试验机和维氏显微硬度仪测试焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,焊接接头由3个典型区域组成：母材区、热影响区和熔核区;熔核区主要由边缘柱状晶和中心等轴晶组成,中心等轴晶区体积约占整个熔核区的90%。5182铝合金侧的热影响区出现较多大颗粒析出物,并出现液化裂纹,5754铝合金侧的热影响区无明显的析出物与液化裂纹产生。焊接接头的断裂形式为纽扣型断裂,均为 5754铝合金侧的熔核被剥离。熔核中柱状晶区硬度高于等轴晶区,位于两种铝合金侧的热影响区硬度均高于其对应的母材硬度。     

热补偿电阻点焊镁合金接头的性能

采用热补偿电阻点焊方法进行焊接镁合金板试验,并分析了焊接电流、焊接时间及电极压力等焊接参数对生成熔核的尺度与接头抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明,采用热补偿电阻点焊方法焊接镁合金,能在较低的焊接电流条件下获得具有较大熔核及较高抗剪强度的点焊接头。因而,采用热补偿电阻点焊方法焊接镁合金是有效的。     

AZ91D镁合金电阻点焊显微组织及裂纹分析

对1.5mm厚的AZ91D镁合金板进行交流电阻点焊,采用无水乙醇、肥皂水、水对AZ91D镁合金进行抛光,研究了其点焊接头的显微组织及显微硬度分布。结果表明,采用无水乙醇抛光时,镁合金显微组织清晰度最好,肥皂水抛光时次之,水抛光时则较前两者模糊;点焊接头由熔核区、热影响区及母材区组成;由熔核中心、热影响区至两侧母材,显微硬度先降低后又升高,以熔核中心为对称轴,两侧显微硬度近似对称分布;在熔核内发现结晶裂纹。     

镁合金电阻点焊技术现状及发展趋势

镁合金具有良好的性能,因此得到了广泛的应用,特别是在汽车制造业具有广阔的应用前景。随着镁合金在汽车制造业中应用的越来越多,镁合金的电阻点焊工艺也越来越受到重视。本文综述了国内外镁合金电阻点焊的研究现状,分析了在研究中还存在的问题,以及镁合金电阻点焊的发展趋势。     

Optimization design of resistance spot welding parameters of magnesium alloy

By means of the quadratic regression combination design process, the regression equations of nugget diameter and tensile shear load of spot welded joint were established. Effects of welding parameters on the nugget diameter and the tensile shear load were investigated. The results show that effect of welding current on nugget diameter is the most evident. And higher welding current will result in bigger nugget diameter. Besides, interaction effect of electrode force and welding current on tensile shear load is the most evident compared with others. The optimum welding parameters corresponding to the maximum of tensile shear load have been obtained by programming using Matlab software, which is 4, 7 kN electrode force, 28 kA welding current and 4 cycle welding time. Under the condition of the optimum welding parameters, the joint having no visible defects can be obtained, nugget diameter and tensile shear load being 6. 8 mm and 3 256 N, respectively.     

镁合金电阻点焊内部喷溅产生的原因分析

在电阻点焊过程中喷溅的产生直接降低焊接接头的强度,因此是最不希望出现的焊接缺陷.文中引入基于显微接触理论的接触电阻模型,通过轴对称有限元模型分析了镁合金电阻点焊过程中的温度场分布及塑性变形过程,以揭示内部喷溅产生的原因.结果表明,由于AZ31镁合金高热导率、低熔点、低比热容和大的线膨胀系数,焊接中需要采用大电流短时间的强参数焊接,所以相对于铝合金和钢铁来说,喷溅在镁合金焊接中更容易发生.内部喷溅产生的原因主要与金属熔化导致熔核内部压强增大相关,增加的压力致使周围的塑性环产生缺口,保护液态金属冲破周围固态金属的束缚,形成喷溅.     

AZ31镁合金/6061铝合金点焊接头的组织及力学性能

对AZ31镁合金与6061铝合金进行了电阻点焊,利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析（XRD）研究了点焊接头的组织及力学性能。结果表明：AZ31镁合金与6061铝合金异种金属点焊接头冶金结合良好,焊接界面清晰,无明显缝隙。熔合区组织由边缘柱状晶区和中心树枝晶组成,主要含有镁和铝两种元素,且镁元素含量远高于铝元素。接头镁侧断面由大量α-Mg和少量β-Mg17Al12组成,呈混合型断裂特征;铝侧断口由Mg、Al和β-Mg17Al12组成,呈解理断裂。随焊接电流增大,点焊接头最大剪切应力增加。     

Optimization of parameters and study of joint microstructure of resistance spot welding of magnesium alloy

Experimental investigations on the DC spot welding of Mg alloy AZ31B are presented. Experiments are carried out to study the influence of spot welding parameters （ electrode force, welding heat input and welding time） on the tensile shear load and the diameter of nugget, based on an orthogonal test and analysis method. The optimum parameters are as follows： electrode force is 2 000 N, welding heat input is 80% and welding time is 6 cycles. The microstrueture of spot weld is single fine equiaxed crystals in the nugget, of which the structure is β-Mg17Al12 precipitated on α-Mg boundaries induced by nonequilibrium freezing. And the surface condition of the workpiece has great influence on the joint quality.     

Investigation of failure mechanism and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded magnesium alloy joints

Resistance spot welded magnesium alloy joints can fail in two markedly different failure modes(interfacial failure and button pullout failure)under tensile shear loading conditions.For button pullout failure,the crack first propagates along cellular dendritic structure of the nugget circumference,and then passes through heat-affected zone(HAZ)and base metal in sequence.The tensile shear load has smaller values under the interracial failure occurring in a small weld nugget as compared to the button pullout failure appearing in a large weld nugget.The tensile shear load increases with the increasing nugget diameter for expulsion free joints.However,for joints which experienced expulsion,the tensile shear load decreases in spite of nugget diameter increasing.Under the equivalent nugget diameter(5.8 mm),the tensile shear load of joints with 9 × 10-4 g KBF4 addition was increased by around 20% as compared to that of joints without KBF4 addition.     

镁合金/镀锌钢板电阻点焊接头拉剪断裂分析

针对2.0 mm厚的AZ31B镁合金以及1.0 mm厚的SPHC镀锌钢板,采用kDWJ-17型三相次级整流电阻焊机进行焊接试验,通过对接头的金相观察、扫描电镜分析,结合原子结合能研究点焊接头拉剪断裂特征.结果表明,点焊接头断裂的形式呈现结合面断裂和纽扣断裂两种方式,纽扣断裂抗拉剪力学性能优于结合面断裂,纽扣断裂断口是以韧性断口为主,脆性断裂为辅的混合断口.熔核区以Fe-Al化合物为主时发生纽扣断裂,熔合线边缘晶粒尺寸粗大以及熔核区Fe-Al化合物结合能大,使其断裂位置在熔合线边缘.熔核区以Mg-Zn化合物为主时发生结合面断裂,其Mg-Zn化合物结合能偏小,容易被拉断.     

Effect of welding current on strength and microstructure in resistance spot welding of AZ31 Mg alloy

In this paper, resistance spot welding were performed on lmm-thickness magnesium AZ31B plates. The effect of welding current on the microstructure and tensile shear force was investigated. It was found that the welding current governed the nugget growth, and the nugget could not form if current levels were insufficient. The nugget revealed a homogeneous, equiaxed, fine-grained structure, which consisted of non-equilibrium microstructure of α-phase dendrites surrounded by eutectic mixtures of α and β（ Mg17All2 ） in the grain boundaries. With increasing welding current, the size of grains in nugget would be more smaller and uniform, and the width of plastic rings would be larger. Tensile shear tests showed that tensile shear force of the joints increased with increasing welding current when the welding current was smaller than 17 000 A. The maximum tensile shear force was up to 1980 N.