小鼠子宫巨噬细胞的分离纯化与鉴定

目的 建立一套简便易行、高效可靠的小鼠子宫巨噬细胞的分离纯化及鉴定方法. 方法 5只雌鼠处死并获取子宫,利用酶消化法和机械法相结合制备小鼠子宫组织单细胞悬液,密度梯度离心法收集子宫巨噬细胞,贴壁培养获得纯化的巨噬细胞.采用锥虫蓝拒染法鉴定巨噬细胞活率,利用鸡红细胞吞噬试验检测巨噬细胞吞噬活性,并通过酸性磷酸酶染色、非特异性酯酶染色和CD14免疫细胞化学染色鉴定巨噬细胞纯度. 结果 采用该法每只小鼠可获得子宫巨噬细胞3×105～5×105个,且活率达到(85.35±0.43)%,酶化学和免疫细胞化学鉴定阳性率分别达到了(86.12±1.19)%、(85.83±0.57)%和(84.02±1.64)%. 结论 成功建立了小鼠子宫巨噬细胞的分离纯化方法,并能获得较高的细胞存活率和纯度.     

人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞原代培养:差异贴壁法与消化排除法联合应用的可行性

背景:国内外有关人绒毛膜滋养层细胞的体外培养方法,大多步骤繁琐,细胞纯度低而且成本很高,不适于普通实验室推广应用。目的:拟求建立一种人妊娠5～10周绒毛滋养层细胞简便有效的分离培养及鉴定方法。方法:采用改进的胰酶消化法分离培养妊娠5～10周人绒毛滋养层细胞,加0.0625%胰酶,37℃消化25～40min;以差速贴壁法和消化排除法纯化细胞,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,细胞免疫化学方法鉴定细胞来源和纯度。结果与结论:倒置显微镜下原代培养滋养层细胞接种后见大量圆形细胞悬浮存在,1h后可见部分细胞贴壁,24h后70%～80%细胞贴壁,五六天细胞数量明显增多,细胞呈三角形、多边形平铺片状生长,核大卵圆形居中,部分细胞连接成片,部分细胞呈长梭形。七八天长满瓶壁的80%～90%可传代。9～10d铺满培养瓶底部。细胞碎屑不贴壁。传代接种后1.5h贴壁,迅速增长,三四天爬满瓶底,各代细胞形态基本一致。可见细胞为上皮样细胞形态,呈片状铺展生长。细胞角蛋白染色阳性,波形蛋白染色阴性细胞达70%～80%。采用低浓度胰酶进行长时间消化分离培养人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞,利用差异贴壁法和消化排除法以及反复换液法进行纯化,可简单、快捷地获得较高纯度的人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞。     

构建糖氧剥夺模型大鼠少突胶质细胞体外培养与分离纯化

目的:对原有少突胶质细胞祖细胞培养与分离纯化方法进行改进,以简单、高效获得少突胶质细胞并建立少突胶质细胞糖氧剥夺(oxygen glucose deprivation,OGD)模型。方法:取SD乳鼠脑皮质,采用两种不同的细胞增殖法和两种不同的分离纯化法分四组培养,分别为细胞因子增殖联合摇床震荡分离纯化法组,B104CM增殖联合摇床震荡分离纯化法组,细胞因子增殖联合EDTA消化机械吹打分离纯化法组,B104CM增殖联合EDTA消化机械吹打分离纯化法组。倒置显微镜下观察神经细胞形态学变化并进行细胞计数。A2B5和髓鞘碱性蛋白鉴定少突胶质细胞并分析其纯度。纯化后的少突胶质细胞祖细胞分化培养3 d后分四组培养,正常组正常培养,低氧组分三组,换无糖DMEM培养基,OGD 1、2、3 h。然后采用MTT比色法检测细胞活力;流式细胞术分析细胞的凋亡率。结果:(1)B104CM增殖联合EDTA消化机械吹打分离纯化法较其他3种培养方法收获的少突胶质细胞祖细胞数量多(P0.05)。(2)A2B5和MBP特异性标记,细胞纯度可达到95%。(3)MTT结果显示:OGD 1 h少突胶质细胞的细胞活力即降低(P0.05),随着缺氧时间延长细胞活力呈降低的趋势更加明显(P0.05)。(4)流式细胞测细胞凋亡的结果显示:OGD 1 h、2 h、3 h,细胞的凋亡率分别为14.43%±0.20%,21.99%±0.42%和44.71%±0.20%,均高于正常对照组(6.86%±0.05%,P0.05)。结论:(1)B104CM增殖联合EDTA消化机械吹打分离纯化培养法与其他三种方法比较实验操作简单,收获的少突胶质细胞祖细胞数量最多,可用于少突胶质细胞的培养。(2)OGD可致少突胶质细胞损伤,且与OGD持续时间密切相关,实验成功的建立OGD损伤模型。     

两种方法培养人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞的比较***

背景：人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞体外培养是研究各种妊娠疾病的基础,如何获得纯度高、数量多的滋养层细胞以及如何简化实验步骤,仍是目前研究的热点。 目的：寻求一种培养高纯度人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞方法。 方法：取5~10周正常绒毛组织,胰酶消化和差速贴壁联合应用法与组织块培养法分别进行人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞原代培养,免疫组织化学观察细胞角蛋白7和波形蛋白的表达,进行滋养层细胞纯度的鉴定。 结果与结论：两种方法均能培养出人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞,呈三角形,多边形。抗-细胞角蛋白7阳性表达,抗-波形蛋白阴性表达。胰酶消化和差速贴壁联合应用法培养细胞纯度高于组织块培养法(P < 0.05)。提示胰酶消化和差速贴壁联合应用法是一种培养人早孕绒毛滋养层细胞较好的方法。      

氢化可的松联合rmIL-2、rmIL-15体外扩增小鼠NK细胞

目的建立氢化可的松联合rmIL-2、rmIL-15体外扩增小鼠NK细胞的方法 ,观察该培养方法对扩增后NK细胞的纯度、扩增效率及功能的影响。方法应用免疫磁珠分选法(MACS)分离得到高纯度的小鼠脾脏CD3-CD49b+NK细胞,依据添加刺激因子的不同将纯化后的NK细胞分成A组(rmIL-2)、B组(rmIL-2+rmIL-15)和C组(氢化可的松+rmIL-2+rmIL-15)进行体外培养,每3日添加新鲜培养基及细胞刺激因子。采用台盼蓝拒染法进行活细胞计数;流式细胞术检测CD3-CD49b+NK细胞纯度;CFSE稀释法检测NK细胞的增殖效率;MTT比色法检测NK细胞杀伤活性;流式细胞术检测NK细胞膜表面CD107a的表达。结果磁珠分选后NK细胞纯度由分选前的(8.59±1.41)%提高为分选后的(91.60±1.33)%。体外扩增培养15 d后A组扩增的NK细胞纯度降低[(75.02±3.48)%,P0.01],B组(85.87±4.79)%和C组(88.04±3.35)%与扩增前相比较无明显差异(P0.05)。扩增15 d后C组NK细胞扩增倍数为(45.06±1.64)倍,显著高于A组(5.28±0.34,P0.01)和B组(25.39±3.29,P0.05)。细胞增殖实验结果表明培养第7天和第14天各组NK细胞增殖指数(PI)分别为A组(2.26±0.81)和(3.27±1.21),B组(4.62±1.45)和(15.82±3.92),C组(6.91±1.34)和(23.66±5.42)。培养第7天和第14天NK细胞增殖指数C组B组A组(P0.05)。当效靶比为10∶1时,C组扩增后NK细胞肿瘤杀伤率为(81.27±2.32)%,显著高于A组[(37.20±7.32)%,P0.01]和B组[(69.51±6.32)%,P0.05]扩增后NK细胞。C组(49.32±4.36)%扩增后NK细胞CD107a表达水平显著高于A组[(9.37±1.82)%,P0.001]和B组[(28.46±4.21)%,P0.01)]NK细胞。结论氢化可的松联合rmIL-2+rmIL-15培养方案能够有效地体外扩增并活化小鼠NK细胞,为NK细胞的肿瘤过继免疫治疗应用于临床奠定了实验基础。     

合体滋养层细胞微粒制备方法的研究

目的研究合体滋养层细胞微粒(syncytiotrophoblast microparticles STBM)的体外制备方法,并检测其纯度。方法收集两只足月正常健康剖宫产孕妇胎盘,将胎盘组织用机械方法打碎,运用差速离心法体外制备STBM;以胎盘碱性磷酸酶(placental alkaline-phosphatase PALP)作为膜标志酶,采用酶联免疫分析法检测STBM制剂的PALP的含量,确定STBM制剂的纯度。结果正常健康剖宫产孕妇胎盘中PLAP含量为56μg/ml,由其制备而来的STBM中PALP含量为900μg/ml,STBM较相应的胎盘组织纯化了16.07倍。结论取材于足月正常健康剖宫产孕妇胎盘组织,运用机械打碎方法及差速离心法,可以制备出高纯度的STBM,该方法简便易行,可作为一种高效、经济的体外制备STBM的方法。     

分离培养人外周血CD4+CD25-T细胞及其生物学特性研究

目的:分离培养人外周血CD4 CD25-T细胞,并鉴定其生物学特性。方法:设对照组(A组)、LPS组(B组)、LPS 抗TGF-β1mAb组(D),用Percoll不连续密度梯度离心与免疫磁珠法,分离培养健康人外周血CD4 CD25-T细胞。用光镜及电镜观察其形态特征,台盼蓝试验检测其活力,流式细胞术(FCM)鉴定其纯度。体外培养4h、3d及5d后,用FCM检测CD4 CD25 T细胞的阳性率,ELISA法检测培养上清中TGF-β1的浓度,RT-PCR法检测细胞中叉状头/翼状螺旋转录因子(FOXP3)mRNA的表达。结果:(1)光镜下观察分离的CD4 CD25-T细胞主要为小体积细胞,电镜下观察细胞核呈圆形,染色质致密。体外抗人CD3/CD28mAb刺激培养的CD4 CD25-T细胞体积逐渐增大,胞质较丰富,电镜下观察细胞核呈椭圆形或肾型,染色质较稀疏。(2)FCM检测CD4 CD25-T细胞纯度达91.5%～96%。台盼蓝试验检测分离前后活细胞数无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)FCM检测表明,B5d组为CD4 CD25 T细胞的阳性率为(55.99±1.42)%与A5d组相比较有统计学意义(P<0.01);D5d组CD4 CD25 T细胞的阳性率为(1.99±0.83)%与A5d组的阳性率(1.29±0.04)%相比较无统计学意义。(4)ELISA测定表明,培养液中TGF-β1的浓度,B3d组为(1.60±0.09)μg/L、B5d组为(1.83±0.14)μg/L,分别与A3d组为(0.35±0.04)μg/L、A5d组为(0.33±0.08)μg/L相比较,均有统计学意义(P<0.01);而D3d、D5d组与A3d、A5d组相比较均无统计学意义。(5)RT-PCR检测表明,FOXP3mRNA的表达:以β-actin的A值作为内参照,B3d组为(0.84±0.07)、B5d组为(1.85±0.24)分别与A3d组(0.05±0.02)、A5d组(0.04±0.02)相比较,均有统计学意义(P<0.01);而D组与A组的各个组间相比较均无统计学意义。(6)LPS诱导的人外周血中CD4 CD25-T细胞培养液上清中TGF-β1的水平与该细胞中FOXP3mRNA的表达呈显著的正相关(r=0.812,P<0.01)。结论:用Percoll不连续密度梯度离心与免疫磁珠法体外分离培养的人外周血CD4 CD25-T细胞的活力及纯度较理想;LPS诱导的CD4 CD25-T细胞中FOXP3mRNA的表达,可能与TGF-β1有关。     

新生大鼠嗅鞘细胞的改良培养方法研究

目的:探讨新生大鼠嗅鞘细胞的分离、培养和纯化方法。方法:取2 d内的新生大鼠嗅球组织,在解剖显微镜下分离取材,原代培养嗅鞘细胞,运用差速贴壁法和差速贴壁+阿糖胞苷+细胞生长刺激因子法两种方法进行纯化,在倒置显微镜下观察不同培养时间嗅鞘细胞的形态、数量和NGFRp75抗体免疫荧光结果,统计嗅鞘细胞的纯度。结果:嗅鞘细胞的纯度分别是差速贴壁组平均为60.41%±4.32%,差速贴壁+阿糖胞苷+细胞生长刺激因子法组平均为84.98%±4.03%。两组数据用t检验进行统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:取材于新生大鼠;显微镜下分离脑膜;差速贴壁+阿糖胞苷+细胞生长刺激因子法纯化,都是良好的嗅鞘细胞培养方法。     

经改良的取材和差速贴壁法培养纯化嗅黏膜嗅鞘细胞

目的:采用经改良的取材和差速贴壁法培养纯化嗅黏膜嗅鞘细胞(OECs),以探求更加简单、高效的嗅黏膜OECs取材和培养纯化方法.方法:成年雄性SD大鼠6只,采用经改良的方法剥取嗅黏膜,然后用改良差速贴壁法培养纯化嗅黏膜OECs.倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞生长情况以及形态并照相,培养7 d、14 d细胞行NGFRp75免疫细胞化学染色鉴定,并根据免疫细胞化学染色结果计算细胞纯度.结果:体外培养的嗅黏膜OECs形态主要有扁圆形或油煎蛋形、梭形或双极、多突起形.嗅黏膜OECs NGFRp75免疫细胞化学染色阳性.培养7 d嗅黏膜OECs纯度为90%,培养14 d嗅黏膜OECs纯度为85%.嗅黏膜OECs最长可以存活35 d.结论:经改良的取材和差速贴壁法培养纯化嗅黏膜OECs具有简单、高效的优点,培养的嗅黏膜OECs的纯度完全可以达到细胞移植的要求.     

成年大鼠嗅神经鞘细胞纯化培养的研究

嗅神经鞘细胞(olfactoryensheathingcells,OECs)是目前用于神经再生研究较为理想的移植细胞,为了建立一种可以有效获得高纯度、高均一性的OECs培养方法,本实验采用2. 5月的大鼠嗅球为实验材料进行OECs培养,同时结合OECs的生物学特点在培养8d后,通过用硝酸纤维素膜吸附p75抗体,再对培养的OECs进行免疫亲和吸附和对成纤维细胞进行补体杀伤来纯化OECs, 在纯化后分别对培养2、4、6、8d的OECs进行p75免疫组化染色和纯度鉴定。实验结果发现,本研究采用的OECs纯化培养方法所获得OECs纯度在4个不同培养时间点都达到98%以上,说明此方法是一种高效率的纯化培养OECs的方法。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.