烷基化法改善焦化柴油的安定性

以三氯化铝乙醚络合物为催化剂,用烷基化法改善中国石油抚顺石化公司石油一厂焦化柴油的色度和氧化安定性。考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间以及苯烯比对焦化柴油安定性指标一色度的影响。实验结果表明,利用烷基化法可有效降低焦化柴油的色度和氧化安定性。     

焦化柴油不安定因素考察

对焦化柴油的不安定因素进行了研究.通过研究发现,焦化柴油中的酸性物质、碱性物质、微量金属及可见光均是影响焦化柴油安定性的因素,空气对焦化柴油的安定性影响较小.     

糠醛抽出相精制焦化柴油调合的研究

糠醛抽出相精制后的焦化柴油，色度得到了很大的改善，储存6个月后色度小于1．5，总不溶物也大幅度降低，但分布不均匀。本文从所用原料、核醛含量、助剂等几方面对此原因进行了分析探讨，认为助剂是导致不溶物分布不均匀的主要因素，通过水洗方式可消除，同时精制油与常二线油进行了调合，混合均匀的精制油与常二线以70：30的比例调合后，完全满足轻柴油一级品的要求。     

糠醛加助剂精制焦化柴油

以抚顺石油二厂焦化柴油为原料,采用纯糠醛加助剂的方法进行焦化柴油精制小试试验.试验考察了助剂加入量、精制温度、精制时间、剂油比、静置时间与精制深度的关系,确定出了适宜的操作条件.     

吸附-氧化法处理焦化废水的研究

以活性炭作为吸附剂处理焦化废水中的难降解有机物，COD去除率只有70％左右，与催化氧化法联合后，去除率大幅度提高。正交实验结果表明，H2O2-Fe^2 (Fenton试剂）的催化氧化效果比H202—Cu^2 好，最佳处理条件为：H201．5g／L，Fe^2 0．4g／L，反应温度80℃。经活性炭吸附-Fenton试剂催化氧化处理后，焦化废水的COD从1173mg／L降至43．2mg／L，去除率达96．3％。同时，H202作氧化剂对活性炭进行再生，再生率达到96％以上。     

氧化—萃取法精制催化裂化柴油

催化裂化柴油由于含有烯烃，氮化物，硫化物等不安定组分，使柴油的储存安定性变差，本氧化－萃取精制法采用环氧琥珀酸作氧化剂，以及二甲亚砜碱液进行两步法精制，对难以处理的辽河原油催化裂化柴油取得了较好的精制效果。     

焦化柴油非加氢精制--精制焦化柴油中糠醛的分离

采用切割闪蒸的方法可降低精制焦化柴油中糠醛的含量。以142℃（残压10mmHg）为切割点,将焦化柴油切割成轻、重两组分,用糠醛加助剂精制重组分,然后利用减压闪蒸的方法分离出精制重组分中的糠醛,适宜的蒸馏终馏点为104℃（残压10mmHg）,经减压闪蒸处理后,精制油中糠醛的含量约为0．1％（wt）,可以满足生产要求。且将该精制油与对应的轻组分混合,可以得到色度、氧化沉渣均达到要求的合格焦化柴油。该方法可大大减少糠醛用量及精制油的蒸馏处理量,节约能耗和试剂,且比较简单,容易实现工业化。     

糠醛萃取提高焦化柴油的颜色和安定性

以添加了能与焦化柴油中不安定组分反应的化学剂－糠醛为反应萃取溶剂，研究用复合溶剂反应萃取的方法提高焦化柴油的颜色和安全性，试验表明：精制油的色度，氧化安定性沉渣，实际胶质均可达到国标轻柴油的质量要求，焦化柴油中的氮化物，酸性化合物等不安定组分得到有效脱除，氧化安定性大大提高，柴油收率在80％以上，溶剂可循环使用。     

采用吸附法对焦化纯苯进行脱硫精制的研究

介绍了采用粒状活性炭脱除焦化纯苯中CS2的研究结果。通过静态吸附试验确定了不同温度下的平衡吸附量;通过动态吸附试验考察了进料流速及活性炭床层高度等因素对吸附效率的影响。结果表明,低温对吸附有利,进料流速越小、床层越高,穿透时间越长以及在吸附前对活性炭进行N2吹扫活化,可明显提高吸附效果。采用活性炭吸附法可使焦化纯苯CS2含量降至3×10-6以下,可达到石油苯CS2的质量要求。     

催化裂化柴油溶剂萃取精制工艺的工业应用

简述了催化裂化柴油溶剂萃取精制工艺中原油田石化总厂的工业应用，结果表明，经过溶剂萃取精制后柴油的色度，氧化生等质量指标均可满足柴油新标准。     

Y/composite titania-silica (CTS) supported catalyst for hydrotreating coker gas oil

Y/composite titania-silica (CTS) support was prepared by the in situ growth of CTS on HY zeolite. The effects of HY zeolite pretreatment and Y/CTS modification with P and F for adjusting the acidity of the support were studied. The results showed that the structure of Y/CTS was in the form of CTS as shell and HY zeolite particles as core. The content of HY zeolite affected the acidity, acidity distribution and pore structure of Y/CTS. The density of strong acid sites on the HY zeolite surface could be partly reduced by dealumination with citric acid. This reduced the CTS coverage on the outer surface of the HY zeolite, leading to the increased acidity of Y/CTS. The acidity distribution of the support could also be adjusted by P and F modification. Hydrotreating catalysts were prepared with Y/CTS as support. The catalysts were tested using the hydrotreating reaction of a coker gas oil (CGO). The experimental results showed that the catalyst hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) performance could be remarkably improved by adjusting the acidity of the catalyst support via HY zeolite pretreatment and P and F modification. The catalysts with proper Brönsted (B) acidity and Lewis (L) acidity behaved well in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and HDN performances.     

催化裂化吸附转化加工焦化蜡油工艺

分析了焦化蜡油（CGO）与直馏蜡油（VGO）的性质,焦化蜡油与直馏蜡油性质相差较大,主要表现在焦化蜡油残炭、碱氮化合物、胶质、沥青质及金属含量较直馏蜡油高,催化裂化（FCC）直接掺炼焦化蜡油,会造成转化率降低,产物分布恶化,运转周期缩短。通过常规催化裂化加工焦化蜡油工艺与FCC通过吸附转化工艺加工焦化蜡油比较,得出催化裂化吸附转化加工焦化蜡油工艺可以明显改善产物分布,提高转化率,降低碱氮化合物对催化剂的毒害作用,提高装置的整体经济效益。     

辽河焦化蜡油脱芳烃实验研究

以辽河石化焦化蜡油(CGO)为研究对象,采用糠醛将其中的芳香组分和碱性氮化物选择性地脱除,并确定最适的反应条件为温度50℃、剂油体积比1.5.在此条件下,抽余油收率为67.55％,碱性氮含量为712.72 mg/kg,饱和分由61.00％提高到77.83％,芳香分由34.94％降至18.76％.碱性氮和四组分数据表明抽出油性质优于直馏蜡油,完全可以作为催化裂化的原料,而抽出油则可作为原料生产高附加值的化工产品.     

Separation and characterization of foulant material in coker gas oils from Athabasca bitumen

Gas oil streams from the upgrading of oilsands bitumen contain toluene insoluble, gummy, solid foulants that cause process problems by plugging hydrotreater feed filters and catalyst beds. From a process optimization standpoint, it is of considerable interest to determine the exact origin and nature of this material in order to design remedial measures. We selected coker heavy gas oil (KHGO) from bitumen upgrading as the primary test material for this work but also include samples from other parts of the process.Typically, solids content of gas oils are determined by a filtration method. For the KHGO sample used here, this approach yielded a value of 45 ppm. We also compared solids content using ultra- and low-speed centrifugation techniques. With toluene as the diluent, both of these centrifugation methods gave virtually the same toluene insolubles (TI) value, i.e. 24 and 23 ppm, respectively. For paraffinic diluents the measured TI contents ranged from about 50 to 200 ppm. Our results demonstrate that KHGO may contain significant amounts of TI not measured by conventional filtration.Characterization of gas oil TI from different sampling points in the bitumen upgrading circuit showed that it is a nitrogen and oxygen rich organic material, associated with minor amounts of inorganic elements representative of ash-forming iron minerals and alumino-silicate clay. The most likely source for this intractable toluene insoluble fraction appears to be a low molecular weight pyrrollic species present in heavy gas oil. Such compounds are easily oxidized to produce insoluble polymers that can interact with inorganic minerals and metals, producing gummy material capable of blinding filters.     

焦化轻蜡油掺炼加氢柴油试验研究

通过实沸点蒸馏仪对加氢柴油进行精密分离,得到不同馏程温度段的窄馏分油,分析了不同窄馏分油的收率分布与烃类组成分布,分析结果表明：随着馏程温度升高,窄馏分油收率逐渐降低,加氢柴油中的链烷烃主要富集在馏程温度点高的窄馏分中,环烷烃与芳烃主要富集在馏程温度低的窄馏分中。焦化轻蜡油回炼加氢柴油窄馏分油后,加氢裂化产物65~175 ℃馏分收率增加,>175 ℃馏分收率均降低。由于窄馏分油中的烃类组成不同,所得加氢裂化产物性质有所差异。掺炼富含环烷烃与芳烃的窄馏分油所得65~175 ℃馏分芳潜值最高,掺炼链烷烃窄馏分油所得>175 ℃馏分的十六烷值指数最高。     

Structural changes in catalytic hydroprocessing of syncrude coker gas oil

A method of Structural Group Analysis (SGA) was used to characterize feed and liquid products from catalytic hydroprocessing using a commercial Ni-Mo catalyst. Comparison of the structural profiles revealed significant changes in the concentration of various structural groups. SGA is a promising tool for investigating chemical changes in complex reacting systems.     

混合废塑料与焦化蜡油共催化裂解制取燃料油

以混合废塑料和焦化蜡油为原料,共催化裂解制备燃料油,克服了废塑料裂解中塑料粘稠度大且传热效率低、裂解炉中温度极不均匀、反应时间长、气体和固体收率高、液体收率低和易结焦等难题。详细考察焦化蜡油与混合废塑料质量比和催化剂用量对产物组成的影响以及FCC催化剂的重复使用性能。结果表明,在焦化蜡油与混合废塑料质量比为2、FCC催化剂用量为混合废塑料质量的10%、终温460 ℃并保持4 h条件下,燃料油收率达到96.67%,气体收率和釜残率分别仅有0.27%和1.53%。焦化蜡油的添加使液相产物中重组分增多,轻组分减少。FCC催化剂的重复使用性能好,催化剂重复使用5次,液体收率大于85%。采用混合废塑料与焦化蜡油共催化裂解的工艺不仅为“白色污染”的处理开辟了一条新途径,而且扩大了焦化蜡油的应用范围。     

煤焦油洗油中提取联苯工艺的探讨

对煤焦油洗油进行精密精馏,获得富含联苯的馏分,作为分离精制联苯的原料。采用共沸精馏与混合溶剂析出相结合的方法,对馏分进行联苯的分离和精制。探讨了分离精制联苯的工艺,优化了工艺参数,提出了可行的工艺路线。研究结果表明,采用该工艺,可以从煤焦油洗油中得到纯度为97.5%的工业联苯。     

Identification of nitrogen bases in a coker gas oil and influence of catalytic hydrotreat ment on their composition

The investigation of nitrogen bases occurring in a coker gas oil before and after catalytic hydrotreatment has shown important differences in reactivity of azaarenes. Compounds with a low degree of aromaticity are relatively resistant compared with higher benzologues. Particularly stable are α-methylated azaarenes, which are also major nitrogen bases found in crude oils. Alkyl anilines, the last intermediates before denitrogenation, are the most abundant bases in hydrotreated samples.