惠州地区肾活检患者的流行病学分析

目的了解惠州地区肾活检病例流行病学情况,提高本地区慢性肾脏病诊治水平。方法回顾性分析了惠州地区肾活检病例的病理类型构成情况,分析病理类型与性别、年龄的关系。结果肾活检病例共309例,原发性肾小球疾病（PGN）250例（80．9％）,继发性肾小球疾病（SGN）58例（18．8％）,肾小管间质疾病1例（0．3％）。PGN中前3位病理类型是IgA肾病（IgAN）、微小病变、膜性肾病（MN）,SGN中前3位病理类型是狼疮性肾炎、乙肝病毒相关性肾炎、过敏性紫癜性肾炎和糖尿病肾病。MN占PGN的比例（20．0％）明显高于国内文献报告,与国内文献比较其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PGN以男性多见,SGN以女性多见,PGN和SGN的高发人群均为青年人。结论惠州地区PGN以IgAN最常见。MN占PGN比例明显高于国内文献报告,这是本地区肾活检病例最突出流行病学特点。     

185例肾穿刺活检病例的病理与临床资料分析

目的：了解总结我院肾脏病的临床特点与病理分型。方法：对我院近4年185例行肾穿刺活检患者的临床特点和病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果：肾小球疾病（GN）182例,占98.4%;其中原发性肾小球疾病（PGN）133例占71.9%,继发性肾小球疾病（SGN）49例占26.5%;肾小管间质病变3例占1.6%。PGN中IgA肾病（IgAN）及系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）所占比例较高,分别为30.3%、14.6%。SGN中狼疮性肾炎（LN）、乙肝病毒相关性肾炎及过敏性紫癜性肾炎所占比例较高,分别为11.4%、4.3%、4.9%。结论：GN是我院肾活检病例中最常见原因,原发多于继发。PGN中IgAN最常见,其次为MsPGN;SGN中,LN是首要原因。肾活检对肾脏病的诊断、治疗及判断预后有重要意义。     

黑龙江省545例肾活检病理资料及临床特点分析

目的探讨肾脏病患者的病理类型与临床表现之间的关系。方法选择545例肾活检病理资料,统计病因、病理类型、性别、年龄的分布特点,统计临床表现与病理类型的对应关系。结果病因中原发性肾小球疾病（PGD）最多见,继发性肾小球肾炎（SGN）最多见为狼疮性肾炎（LN）;最常见的临床表现是无症状性血尿和/或蛋白尿（AUA）,病理表现为轻微肾小球病变和IgA肾病。结论PGD是肾脏病最常见病因,临床多表现为AUA,病理多表现为轻微肾小球病变和IgA肾病,LN为SGN的最常见原因,女性多见。     

1 773例肾活检临床病理分析

目的：了解重庆地区肾活检患者临床与病理类型特点并分析其相互关系。方法：收集2008年1月至2016年12月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院年龄≥14岁的肾活检患者的临床和病理资料,依据性别、年龄和临床表现分组,对其病理类型进行比较和分析。结果：1 773例肾活检患者纳入分析,男女比例1∶1.13,平均年龄（43.24±13.78）岁。①原发性肾小球疾病（primary glomerulonephritis,PGN）1 380例（77.8%）,继发性肾小球疾病（secondary glomerulonephritis,SGN）368例（20.8%）,肾小管间质疾病（tubulo-interstitial nephropathy,TIN）24例（1.3%）,遗传性肾病（hereditary glomeruler diseases,HGD）1例（0.1%）。青年组、中年组和老年组都以PGN多见,但PGN和SGN在３个年龄组中的构成比差异无统计学意义（P=0.069）。②PGN病理类型以IgA肾病（IgA nephropathy, IgAN; 567例, 41.1%）、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, MsPGN;311例, 22.5%）、膜性肾病（membranous nephropathy,MN;202例,14.6%）为主;SGN病理类型以狼疮性肾炎（1upus nephritis,LN;134例, 36.4%）、紫癜性肾炎（Henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis,HSPN;74例,20.1%）、乙肝病毒相关性肾炎（HBV-associated glomeru－lonephritis,HBV-GN;68例,18.5%）为主;PGN各病理类型在3个年龄组中的构成比差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）,其中IgAN是青年组、中年组最常见的病理类型,老年组则以MN最常见。③PGN的临床表现以肾病综合征（557例,40.3%）和慢性肾小球肾炎（471例,34.2%）为主;肾病综合征最常见的病理类型是MN,慢性肾小球肾炎则以IgAN最常见。④SGN各病理类型的男女性别构成比差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）,具体表现在LN以女性多见,HSPN、HBV-GN、糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy,DN）以男性多见。⑤LN和HSPN病理分级分别以Ⅳ型（68例,50.7%）和ⅢB型（41例,55.4%）最常见;HBV-GN最常见的病理类型是MsPGN （24例,35.3%）。结论：肾脏疾病病理类型与性别、年龄、临床表现之间有一定联系,但并未构成规律的对应关系,故对于肾脏疾病患者,不单限于临床诊断,亦应行肾活检明确病理类型和病理分级以指导治疗、改善预后。     

大连地区1042例肾活检病例的临床病理分析

[目的]了解大连地区肾脏疾病的病理类型及其流行病学特点.[方法]对1999年3月～2009年12月大连地区1042例肾脏病患者的肾穿刺活检组织标本进行病理切片,分别进行不同染色,行光镜及免疫荧光病理观察.[结果]活检病例男女比例为1∶1.15,其中原发性肾小球肾炎(PGN)占80.6％,继发性肾小球肾炎(SGN)占17...     

江苏部分地区805例肾活检临床病理资料分析

目的:了解江苏部分地区近年来肾活检资料的流行病学特点及病理类型与临床表现之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析2003年10月至2008年9月东南大学附属中大医院肾内科来自江苏省中北部地区肾活检的临床病理资料805例,观察患者年龄、性别、病理类型,并探讨临床特征与病理类型的联系。结果:本组患者行肾活检时的平均年龄为[(36.12±14.08)(9～76)]岁,15～44岁青壮年占70.56%;男407例,女398例,男女比为1.02∶1。805例肾活检资料中肾小球肾炎(GN)占98.39%(792/805),小管间质性疾病(TID)占1.61%(13/805)。在GN中,原发性肾小球肾炎(PGN)最多,占82.32%(652/792),其余依次为继发性肾小球肾炎(SGN)(15.91%,126/792)及遗传性肾炎(HERN)(1.77%,14/792)。PGN中,IgA肾病(IgAN)所占比例最高,为43.25%(282/652),局灶节段性肾小球硬化症(FSGS)占7.98%(52/652)。SGN中狼疮性肾炎(LN)居首位,占34.92%(44/126)。Alport综合征在HERN中最为常见,占所有肾活检病例的...     

肾穿刺活检病例的临床、病理分型及与中医证候相关性分析

【目的】分析比较肾活检患者的临床分型、病理分型及与中医证候的相关性。【方法】对649例肾穿刺活检患者的临床分型、病理分型、中医证候资料进行回顾性分析。【结果】病因以肾小球疾病(GN)为主,共634例(占97.69%)。肾小球疾病中,以原发性肾小球疾病(PGN)为主(475例,占74.92%),其次为继发性肾小球疾病(SGN)(23.03%)、遗传性肾小球疾病(0.47%)和未排除继发因素者(1.58%)。PGN中病理类型以IgA肾病(IgAN)176例(37.1%)、轻微/微小病变(MCD)119例(25.1%)、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(MsPGN)60例(12.6%)、膜性肾病(MN)54例(11.4%)、局灶性/节段性肾小球肾炎(FSGN)47例(9.9%)为多见。SGN中病理类型以狼疮性肾炎(LN)91例(62.3%)、乙肝病毒相关性肾炎24例(16.4%)、紫癜性肾炎20例(13.7%)为多见。PGN和SGN中医证候均以本虚标实为主。【结论】GN是本院肾脏疾病常见原因,其中原发多于继发。PGN中以IgA肾病最常见,其次为MCD与MsPGN;SGN中LN是首要原因。PGN和SGN的中医证候均以本虚标实为主。     

243例肾穿刺活检病例的临床、病理分型及与中医证候相关性分析

目的 了解我院肾脏疾病患者的临床分型、病理分型及与中医证候的相关性.方法 对243例住院行肾穿刺活检患者的临床分型、病理分型、中医证候资料进行回顾性分析.结果 肾小球疾病(GN)241例,占99.2%;其中原发性肾小球疾病(PGN)176例占73.0%,继发性肾小球疾病(SGN)65例占27.0%.PGN中肾小球微小病变(MCD)、IgA肾病(IgAN)及系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(MsPGN)所占比例较高,分别为30.1%、22.1%、18.8%.SGN中狼疮性肾炎(LN)及乙肝病毒相关性肾炎分别占81.5%、10.8%.PGN中以本虚标实证为主,占83.5%;SGN中也以本虚标实证多见,占96.9%.结论 GN是我院肾活检病例中最常见原因,原发多于继发.PGN中MCD最常见,其次为IgAN与MsPGN;SGN中,LN是首要原因.PGN及SGN均以本虚标实证为多见.     

肾活检362例临床病理分析

目的了解肾脏疾病的病理类型及其特点。方法回顾性分析该院2005年8月～2007年5月共362例因肾脏疾病行肾活检的病历资料，分析其病理类型及其与临床表现的关系。结果362例患者中，原发性肾小球疾病占79．01％，继发性肾小球疾病占15．47％，遗传性肾小球疾病占1．1％，小管间质性疾病占4．42％。原发性肾小球疾病以IgA肾病（IgAN）最多，占30．97％，其次分别为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）占14．36％，微小病变（MCD）占13．81％，膜性肾病（MN）占11．87％。继发性肾脏病中以狼疮性肾炎（LN）多见，占5．8％，其次是乙型肝炎相关性肾炎占3．6％，过敏性紫癜肾炎占3．3％。临床表现肾炎综合征占43．09％，肾病综合征占53、61％，急性肾衰竭占3．3％。结论原发性肾小球疾病是最常见的肾小球疾病，以IgAN为主。继发性肾小球疾病中以LN多见，女性多发，其他继发性肾小球疾病逐渐增多。肾活检非常有必要。     

昆明地区157例肾脏疾病患者的病理与临床表现

目的 探讨昆明地区肾活检患者的病理类型与临床表现的相互关系.方法 回顾分析2008年1月～2010年1月间因肾脏疾病住院行肾活检的患者的临床病理特点.结果 157例肾脏疾病中,原发性肾小球疾病有133例(84.7%)、小管间质疾病4例(2.5%)、继发性肾脏病20例(12.7%),原发性肾小球疾病中系膜增生性肾炎占41.4%,IgA肾病占18%;继发性肾小球肾炎中狼疮性肾炎占5.1%;小管间质疾病中慢性间质性肾炎占75%.本组患者最常见的临床表现为蛋白尿血尿,各种病理类型与临床表现间有联系.结论 本组资料显示原发性肾小球疾病仍为我国最常见的肾脏疾病,其中以系膜增生性肾炎和IgA肾病最常见;小管间质疾病发病率有增高趋势,继发性肾脏病以狼疮性肾炎最常见,其它特殊肾脏病(如薄基膜肾病)逐年检出增加.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.