表面表位包埋法制备肿瘤表面抗原P185^nue／c—erbB—2单 …

目的：细胞表面表位包埋法（ＳＥＭ）是一种选择细胞表面特定的表达分子制备单克隆抗体的新途径。由于Ｐ１８５＾ｎｕｅ／ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２是乳腺癌及其他肿瘤的一个重要表面标志，这个研究旨在应用ＳＥＭ法制备特异性好，灵敏度高的Ｐ１８５单克隆抗体并分析其特性以便于临床。方法：采用细胞表面表位包埋法免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，常规杂交瘤技术进行细胞融合，ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定，有限稀释法克隆化。结果：筛选得到３株能稳定分泌抗     

人TEM7膜外段单克隆抗体的制备及其在不同来源肿瘤组织中的定位研究

目的　利用制备的抗人肿瘤血管内皮标志物 7(TEM7)单克隆抗体通过免疫组织化学的方法 ,检测TEM7蛋白在不同来源的肿瘤组织中的定位 ,为以TEM7为靶标的肿瘤血管导向治疗提供必要的理论基础。方法　利用PCR的方法 ,将TEM7膜外段重组到原核表达载体pET 32b中 ,在大肠杆菌中表达 ,蛋白经离子吸附层析纯化后免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠 ,传统的杂交瘤融合技术制备鼠抗人TEM7膜外段单克隆抗体。以酶联免疫吸附实验 (ELISA)、Westernblot筛选及鉴定分泌特异性抗人TEM7膜外段单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。最后采用免疫组织化学ABC的方法 ,分别对不同来源的70例肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织进行了TEM7蛋白定位的研究。结果　制备了抗人TEM7单克隆抗体 ,经过Westernblot鉴定具有高度的特异性。对肿瘤及癌旁正常组织免疫组织化学ABC染色的结果可见TEM7蛋白定位于 :大肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、肝细胞癌、肾细胞癌和前列腺癌的血管内皮细胞 ;大肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肺癌和肝细胞癌的肿瘤细胞 ;大肠癌、胃癌和乳腺癌的血管平滑肌细胞 ;胃癌的胃壁平滑肌细胞 ;肝细胞癌的胆管上皮细胞。结论　成功制备了特异性抗人TEM7膜外段的单克隆抗体 ;TEM7在肿瘤组织中并非特异性地表达于肿瘤血管内皮细胞 ,还可见于肿瘤组织的癌细胞、血管平滑     

人胱抑素C单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及初步应用

目的:制备人胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys C)的单克隆抗体(McAb),并建立检测人血清Cys C的颗粒增强透射免疫浊度分析法(PETLA).方法:构建人Cys C的原核表达载体pET32a( )/Cys C,纯化Cys C重组蛋白并免疫BALB/c小鼠,杂交瘤技术制备Cys C的McAb;以自制的McAb包被乳胶颗粒,建立PETIA法测定血清Cys C,并对其分析性能进行初步方法学评价.结果:建立分泌抗Cys C单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株3株,其分泌的McAb为IgG1,Western blot检测证实该抗体能与目的蛋白发生特异性结合;将杂交瘤细胞注射于小鼠腹腔,腹水中Cys C McAb效价为1∶4×106;用自制的McAb建立定量测定Cys C的PETIA,方法学评价试验结果证实我们建立的PETIA法,与进口试剂有很好的可比性,具有较满意的方法学性能.结论:成功制备了抗Cys C单克隆抗体,该抗体可用于建立定量检测Cys C的PETIA法.     

诱导细胞凋亡的抗hDR5单抗的研究

目的 研制能诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的抗人DR5单克隆抗体（McAb）。方法 以可溶性人死亡受体（death receptor，DR）5胞外段免疫小鼠，采用杂交瘤技术制备抗人DR5的McAb；MTT方法筛选分泌有细胞毒活性McAb的杂交瘤细胞；亲和层析方法纯化McAb；夹心ELISA法测定McAb亚型；Western blot和斑点ELISA法检测McAb的抗原表位类型；间接ELISA法检测McAb的特异性；流式细胞仪检测FITC-annexinⅤ／PI双色标记的Jurkat细胞的凋亡率；DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定凋亡细胞的DNA片段化。结果 获得1株杂交瘤细胞，其分泌的McAb命名为mDRA-6，为IgG1；其抗原表位类型为构象表位；其特异性识别hDR5，与hFas、hDR4等无交叉反应。mDRA-6对Jurkat细胞具有细胞毒作用；经McAb mDRA-6处理后，Jurkat细胞膜表面高表达丝氨酸磷脂，并导致Jurkat细胞中的DNA片段化。结论 mDRA-6是一个具有诱导细胞凋亡活性的新的抗人DR5功能性抗体，在以TRAIL／DR5系统进行肿瘤治疗和探讨DR5的功能结构域研究方面具有广泛应用前景。     

抗人p185单克隆抗体的体外直接抗癌效应

目的:对使用“表面表位包埋法”构建成功的抗人肿瘤抗原p185的单克隆抗体(mAb)的抑癌活性进行研究。方法:采用免疫荧光染色法、MTT法、软琼脂培养法及细胞长期增殖法等,测定3株mAb的对高表达p185的乳腺癌细胞及转染p185基因的成纤维细胞的抑制活性,以及mAb对提高癌细胞的化疗药物敏感性的效应。结果:这3株mAb均可特异性地明显抑制癌变细胞的生长,并不同程度上提高癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。结论:这几株mAb具有治疗p185高表达肿瘤的应用前景。     

SARS冠状病毒N蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的 制备SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)N蛋白特异性单克隆抗体(McAb)，为SARS的快速诊断及致病机制的研究提供实验材料。方法 用纯化的重组SARS-CoVN蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠，经细胞融合和亚克隆后获得分泌针对N蛋白的杂交瘤细胞株，用Western blot和间接免疫荧光法检测这些细胞株分泌的单克隆抗体特异性，并将N蛋白分3段表达初步定位单克隆抗体识别表位所在区域。结果 通过细胞融合和3轮克隆化，筛选出分泌抗N蛋白的6个杂交瘤细胞株。Western blot及免疫荧光显示，获得的McAb可与SARS-CoVN蛋白及SARS-CoV发生特异性反应，有4个细胞株分泌的抗体的识别位点位于N蛋白N端，2个位于C端。结论 获得了SARS-CoV特异性单克隆抗体并进行了初步定位，可用于SARS的早期诊断及致病机制研究。     

基因免疫制备抗人BLyS单克隆抗体及单抗特性分析

目的:基因免疫制备抗人BLyS单克隆抗体并分析其免疫学特性。方法:将人BLyS 基因克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3,构建重组质粒pcDNA3/hBLyS,用其免疫BALB/c鼠,取鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合,用ELISA法筛选阳性克隆,用免疫印迹和流式细胞技术进一步鉴定抗体的特异性,用双向免疫扩散鉴定单克隆抗体的类别。结果:重组质粒双酶切结果和DNA序列测定结果表明,pcDNA3/hBLyS 重组质粒含有目的基因;ELISA、免疫印迹、流式细胞仪和双向免疫扩散等实验结果表明,9c10杂交瘤细胞株产生的单克隆抗体可以特异性结合IFN-γ激活的人T淋巴细胞膜表面BLyS蛋白的膜外区,属于IgG1亚类。结论:获得了能够特异性结合人T淋巴细胞上BLyS蛋白膜外区的单克隆抗体,为进一步研究人BLyS与自身免疫性疾病的关系提供了条件。     

抗人甲胎蛋白单克隆抗体的研制及其应用

本文报告将自制的人甲胎蛋白(AFP)抗原免疫小鼠,采用常规杂交瘤技木融合小鼠的脾细胞和SP2/0细胞。经有限稀释法克隆出九株分泌抗人AFP单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株。分别用血凝抑制试验、琼脂双扩散、ELISA和放射免疫分析等方法鉴定了McAb对抗原的表位特异性、亲和力及其稳定性和小鼠Ig亚类属性。实验结果表明几种McAb分别作用于AFP抗原上相同或不同的抗原表位。其中大多数McAb具有较高的亲和力。抗原表位特异性不同的McAb在免疫沉淀反应中有协同作用。本文报告的AFP McAb双位点夹心ELISA,对一些临床标本的检测结果与AFP放射免疫试剂盒的结果有着良好的相关性。     

抗人c-erbB2单克隆抗体的制备及其特异性鉴定

目的:制备小鼠抗人c-erbB2mAb,并进行特异性鉴定。方法:应用计算机软件分析人源c-erbB2抗原表位,人工合成羧基端含优势表位的13肽,与钥孔戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联后,免疫BALB/c小鼠。取免疫小鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞常规融合,依次经HAT选择培养、间接ELISA法、克隆化和免疫组化染色法筛选出稳定分泌抗天然人源c-erbB2mAb的杂交瘤细胞株。用交叉反应试验和阻断试验检测mAb的特异性。结果:获得1株可稳定分泌抗天然人源c-erbB2抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。该mAb与已知的c erbB2抗原阳性的乳腺癌标本起反应;与其他不表达c-erbB2分子的细胞不起反应。用合成的13肽阻断后,失去与c-erbB2抗原的反应性。结论:用合成的13肽作为免疫原成功地制备出1株抗c-erbB2的mAb。     

妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A单克隆抗体的制备和初步鉴定

目的制备娠相关血浆蛋白-A（PAPP-A）单克隆抗体（McAb）。方法利用PAPP-A抗原免疫Balb／c小鼠，应用杂交瘤技术将免疫小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞（SP2／0）融合，间接ELISA方法对细胞培养上清检测、筛选，建立分泌PAPP—A单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，扩人培养后，Balb／c小鼠腹腔注射杂交瘤细胞株，产生腹水后，对腹水进行收集、纯化、签定．结果筛选出稳定分泌PAPP—AMcAb的杂交瘤细胞株，Western—blot分析证实McAb与PAPP—A有较高的特异性及敏感性。结论本实验成功制备了抗PAPP—A特异性的McAb，可用于PAPP—A免疫检测方法的建立。     

抗人P185~(erbB_2)单克隆抗体的制备及特性分析

目的制备可特异识别 P185 erb B2 胞外区的单抗 ,选出亲和力较高并具有抑瘤作用的克隆。方法以高表达 erb B2 的人乳腺癌细胞系 SKBR3免疫 BABL / c小鼠 ,用纯化的重组 DNA表达的 P185胞外区蛋白作为抗原 ,以间接 EL ISA方法筛选阳性克隆。结果获得 10株稳定分泌抗 P185胞外区单抗的杂交瘤细胞株。 4株为 Ig G1、1株为 Ig G3、5株为 Ig M,分别可识别 P185胞外区 3个不同表位 ,且只与天然形式的 P185胞外区特异结合。其中 4株 Ig G1类抗体可明显抑制 SKBR3及 SKOV3细胞增殖。免疫组化实验可使 SKBR3及 SKOV3细胞膜特异性染色 ,且可检出乳腺癌、卵巢癌等石蜡切片标本中 erb B2 高表达的阳性细胞。结论所获单抗可特异识别 P185胞外区抗原 ,具有肿瘤诊断、判断预后及人源化改造后用于治疗的应用潜力。     

HER2/neu抗体对SKBR3乳腺癌细胞株酪氨酸磷酸化及细胞增殖的影响

目的研究抗ＨＥＲ２／ｎｅｕ胞外区的特异性抗体对ＳＫＢＲ３乳腺癌细胞株酪氨酸磷酸化及细胞增殖的影响。方法Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法及抗体介导的特异性细胞增殖试验；筛选乳腺癌病人抗ＨＥＲ２／ｎｅｕ抗体阳性血清ＩｇＧ的ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。结果试验发现单抗ｃ－ｎｅｕ－５对ＳＫＢＲ３细胞ｐ１８５酪氨酸磷酸化有明显促进作用，但对细胞增殖的影响不明显；而单抗ｃ－ｎｅｕ－２对ＳＫＢＲ３细胞ｐ１８５酪氨酸磷酸化及细胞增殖均有明显作用。在此基础上，收集乳腺癌病人血清１４份，分离纯化其血清ＩｇＧ，并经ＥＬＩＳＡ方法筛选出５份乳腺癌病人抗ＨＥＲ２／ｎｅｕ抗体阳性血清ＩｇＧ。细胞增殖试验发现该５份标本中有３份对ＳＫＢＲ３细胞增殖有明显抑制作用。选其中１份抑制增殖的阳性血清ＩｇＧ进一步研究其对ＳＫＢＲ３细胞ｐ１８５酪氨酸磷酸化的影响，结果发现该病人血清ＩｇＧ对细胞酪氨酸磷酸化也有抑制作用。结论抗ＨＥＲ２／ｎｅｕ的特异性抗体可能通过抑制细胞的信号传递系统而抑制肿瘤生长。     

两株鼠抗人GL50单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性的初步研究

目的　研制鼠抗人GL5 0分子单克隆抗体并对其生物学特性进行初步研究。方法　以天然高表达人GL5 0分子的Daudi细胞为免疫原 ,人GL5 0 L92 9转基因细胞为目的单克隆抗体(McAb)的筛选细胞 ,采用B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术 ,获得分泌特异性鼠抗人GL5 0分子McAb的杂交瘤细胞株 ;免疫荧光标记和流式细胞术分析McAb识别GL5 0的表达 ;Westernblot检测抗体对特异性细胞膜蛋白的识别 ;台盼蓝 (Trypanblue)染色细胞计数法和MTT法检测McAb对Daudi细胞体外生长的抑制作用 ;3 H TdR法检测抗体对GL5 0 L转基因细胞介导的活化T细胞体外增殖的效应。结果　成功制备 2株分泌特异性抗人GL5 0抗体的杂交瘤细胞株 12B11和 11C4 ;两者皆为IgG2a亚型 ;腹水效价皆在 1∶10 0 0以上 ;12B11、11C4特异性地识别GL5 0分子。 11C4McAb可以明显抑制Daudi细胞在体外的生长 ,并可抑制GL5 0 L转基因细胞介导的活化T淋巴细胞的体外增殖效应。结论　成功获得了 2株特异性鼠抗人GL5 0抗体 ,其中 11C4McAb具有诱导表达GL5 0分子的B淋巴瘤细胞Daudi的体外生长抑制作用 ;在T淋巴细胞体外增殖反应中发挥了重要的调节作用。     

c-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu) immunohistochemistry in invasive breast cancer: is there concordance between standard sections and tissue microarrays?

AIMS: Immunohistochemical detection of the 185-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein product of the proto-oncogene c-erbB-2 (also known as HER-2/neu), located on chromosome 17q21, is a well established method of evaluation in invasive breast cancer. This investigation is currently performed on standard sections cut from the tumour containing paraffin block. It is uncertain if concordant results can be obtained on tissue microarray (TMA) sections, a high throughput technique that is particularly advantageous in research and validation protocols. Our aim in this study was to compare the results of c-erbB-2 immunoexpression in standard sections of invasive breast cancers with those of TMAs. METHODS: Standard sections and TMAs constructed from archival paraffin-embedded breast cancers of 184 patients who had surgery in Singapore General Hospital during the period 1998-2002 were subjected to immunohistochemistry using the commercial antibody (A0485, Dako). c-erbB-2 over-expression was evaluated according to cytoplasmic membrane staining intensity, which was defined as 2+ and 3+ staining. RESULTS: Over-expression of c-erbB-2 protein was found in 21.2% (39/184) and 18.6% (34/183) of cases on standard sections and TMAs, respectively. There was substantial agreement between these two types of sections (k = 0.724) when positive and negative staining was considered. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry on TMAs for c-erbB-2 expression in breast cancer is a reliable alternative to that performed on routine standard sections, as it is both cost effective and time efficient, especially in a research setting.     

抗c-erbB-2p185蛋白胞内区多肽单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及初步应用

目的 研制抗c-erbB-2胞内区多肽单克隆抗体,用于乳腺癌等c-erbB-2过量表达的诊断及指导治疗。方法 合成p185蛋白胞内区多肽作为抗原,免疫BALB／C小鼠建立了一组分泌抗该多肽的特异性高亲和力单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞系,并对该单抗的生化特性及其免疫学反应性进行了研究和测定,并与美国食品药品管理局（FDA）批准的抗c-erbB-2多克隆抗体进行了比较。结果 共获得3株稳定分泌抗p185胞内区单抗的杂交瘤细胞株。其中035－E61株单抗经过39例（T1－2N0M0）乳腺癌患者组织病理切片进行免疫组织化学染色,c-erbB2-2过量表达阳性率为26％,而乳腺纤维腺瘤组织切片没有非特异染色;流产正常胎儿器官组织切片除甲状腺、肾上腺和肾小管上皮表达外,其余均不表达。与FDA批准的DAKO公司多抗的阳性染色符合率为74％。结论 035－E61单抗可特异识别乳腺癌细胞内p185胞内区抗原。对判断乳腺癌预后及指导治疗可能具有应用价值。     

Study of neu-protein expression in mammary Paget's disease with and without underlying breast carcinoma and in extramammary Paget's disease.

Correlation between neu/c-erbB-2/Her-2 gene amplification and overexpression of the neu gene product has been reported in tumors of glandular origin, especially ductal breast carcinomas. Formalin-fixed and dewaxed sections from 23 cases of mammary (MPD) and 9 cases of extramammary (EPD) Paget's disease were immunohistochemically stained by means of the monoclonal antibody 3B5 directed against an intracellular domain of the neu gene protein. All MPDs exhibited a distinct membrane staining of tumor cells independent of the presence of ductal breast carcinomas found in 18 cases. All these breast carcinomas also were positive for neu staining. In contrast to MPD, all EPDs were negative. Normal epidermis was always negative. Northern blot analysis sustained the immunohistologic findings in that the presence of neu mRNA could be demonstrated in two of three cases with MPD. Negativity in one case was due to dilution effects by nontumor cells. Our results suggest that Paget cells of mammary and extramammary localization, although very similar phenotypically, derive from different genetic accidents. Furthermore neu positivity in all MPDs and all underlying ductal carcinomas suggests common genetic alterations for both tumors. However the finding of five neu protein-positive MPDs without associated ductal breast carcinomas may suggest a somewhat different transformation process.     

基因工程抗体联合紫杉醇对BT474细胞的促凋亡作用

目的:探讨抗p185c-erbB-2/neu基因工程抗体联合紫杉醇促进p185过表达的人乳腺癌细胞系BT474凋亡的效应及其机制。方法:采用MTS法检测基因工程抗体联合紫杉醇对BT474细胞增殖的抑制作用。用AnnexinV-FITC/PI法检测BT474细胞的凋亡率;以流式细胞术(FCM)分析DNA含量及细胞周期分布;用EMSA分析NF-κB的活化水平。结果:基因工程抗体联合紫杉醇对BT474细胞增殖的抑制作用具有协同效应,并可诱导细胞凋亡,将细胞阻滞在G1期;并可显著抑制BT474细胞中NF-κB的活化。结论:紫杉醇诱导乳腺癌细胞BT474凋亡的同时,可活化NF-κB。基因工程抗体联合紫杉醇是通过抑制NF-κB的活化而增强紫杉醇诱导癌细胞凋亡的作用。     

neu oncogene protein and epidermal growth factor receptor are independently expressed in benign and malignant breast tissues

The neu oncogene protein, p185, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were localized immunohistochemically in benign and malignant human breast tissues using monoclonal antibodies. Both benign and malignant epithelial cells were positive for these oncogene proteins in acetone-postfixed frozen sections. Stromal cells were negative for p185, but occasionally positive for EGFR. Myoepithelial cells were consistently positive for EGFR, and p185 was localized predominantly in duct-lining cells, where the basolateral plasma membrane was the normal expression site of both substances. Paraformaldehyde-prefixed frozen sections were less sensitive for antigen demonstration. Based on the intensity of immunoreactivity, 11 of 37 acetone-postfixed breast carcinomas (30%) were judged neu overexpressors, while none of 24 benign tissues overexpressed neu. Epidermal growth factor receptor was demonstrated in 18 of 36 acetone-postfixed cancer tissues (50%) and was overexpressed in three (8%). At the cellular level, heterogenous expression of p185 and EGFR was occasionally observed in both benign and malignant tissues, and a single case of cancer overexpressing both neu and EGFR showed reciprocal patterns of staining, indicating their independent expression. In some carcinomas, EGFR was localized only in stromal cells. Our findings confirmed mutually independent expression of the two closely related protooncogenes in benign and malignant breast tissues.     

Immunohistochemical evaluation of c-erbB-2 oncogene expression in ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast

Cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) of the breast were examined for expression of the protein product of the c-erbB-2 (neu, HER-2) oncogene using two different polyclonal antibodies via an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method on formalin- or Bouin'-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Fifty-five percent (18/33) of DCIS and 10% (2/21) of ADH were positive. Significant c-erbB-2 expression in DCIS was generally divided on histologic grounds: ten of ten comedocarcinomas showed strong membrane staining, while only one of 14 small cell DCIS cases (micropapillary or cribiform patterns) showed immunostaining (which was weak and basilar in this single case). DCIS cases of mixed histology were strongly positive in areas of comedocarcinoma. In two of three cases of associated Paget's disease strong membrane staining was seen. The two c-erbB-2-positive ADH cases showed weak basilar staining akin to the small cell DCIS cases. Five cases of lobular neoplasia (atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ) associated with DCIS or ADH were negative for c-erbB-2 expression. We conclude that comedocarcinoma in situ and Paget's disease frequently express the c-erbB-2 protein and are both histologically and biochemically distinct from ADH and small cell patterns of DCIS. We advocate precise subclassification of DCIS on histopathologic reports, particularly in view of reports that overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncogene in infiltrating breast carcinomas may be associated with a poor prognosis.