High Power Factor Light-emitting Diode Driver on Digital Signal Processor Without Electrolytic Capacitor for High-power Lighting

Abstract—Electrolytic capacitor is a key factor that limits the life-time of the driver in a high-power light-emitting diode (LED) lighting. This article presents a high-power LED lighting driver on a digital signal processor without an electrolytic capacitor. The driver is composed of three stage circuits. The first stage is the boost power factor correction converter to achieve a high power factor. As it does not use an electrolytic capacitor, the output voltage ripple is larger, which directly affects the overall performance of the LED driver. Consequently, it must be optimized through the second and third stages. The second stage is the two-output LLC (Double inductance and capacitance) resonant converter, which is driven by a digital signal processor. This stage provides galvanic isolation and reduces voltage. The third stage is the two-input buck converter based on digital signal processor control that reduces the low-frequency ripple generated from the first two stages. Moreover, the regulation of each LED string current is achieved at this stage. The simulation and experimental results show that this LED lighting driver can achieve a high power factor and good constant current characteristics.     

一种减少输出纹波的单级反激LED驱动电路

鉴于成本低、效率高等优势,AC-DC单级LED驱动电路可使用单级电路实现输入功率因数校正和输出DC-DC恒流控制,但通常存在较大的输出2倍工频纹波的问题,而电流纹波是影响LED光学特性和寿命的重要指标。首先,提出了一种基于辅助绕组的单级反激LED驱动电路;然后,采用电流纹波抑制策略分析了所提电路的工作原理和实现低输出电流纹波的条件;最后,通过仿真和实验验证了理论分析的正确性和有效性。实验结果表明,所提的LED单级驱动电路能够在不影响输入特性的基础上有效地降低了输出电流纹波。     

A universal‐input high‐power‐factor power supply without electrolytic capacitor for multiple lighting LED lamps

The AC–DC power supply for LED lighting application requires a long lifetime while maintaining high‐efficiency, high power factor and low cost. However, a typical design uses electrolytic capacitor as storage capacitor, which is not only bulky but also with short life span, thus hampering performance improvement of the entire LED lighting system. In this article, a SEPIC‐derived power factor correction topology is proposed as the first stage for driving multiple lighting LED lamps. Along with a relatively large voltage ripple allowable in a two‐stage design, the proposal of LED lamp driver is able to eliminate the electrolytic capacitor while maintaining high power factor and high efficiency. To further increase the efficiency of LED driver, we introduced and used the twin‐bus buck converter as the second‐stage current regulator with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) dimming function. The basic operating principle and the deign consideration are discussed in detail. A 50‐W prototype has been built and tested to verify the proposal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种具有功率耦合电路的无电解电容LED驱动电源

为解决LED驱动电源寿命短的问题,提出一种PFC+Buck/Boost的无电解电容LED驱动电源方案。PFC采用常用的Boost型电路结构,控制方法采用简单的CRM控制方式,Buck-Boost双向变换器与LED负载并联,替代电解电容器实现电源交流输入侧和直流输出侧的瞬时功率不平衡的功率耦合功能。设计了PFC的CRM控制策略和双向变换器的固定占空比控制策略,建立了Saber仿真实验模型。仿真研究结果表明,该电路的功率因数达到0.9以上,输出电流和输出电压具有很好的稳定性。     

Output current ripple reduction of LED driver using ceramic‐capacitor‐input circuit and buck‐boost converter

This article proposes an LED driver that consists of a ceramic‐capacitor‐input rectifier and a buck‐boost converter. The LED driver has an advantage of long life because it does not contain any electrolytic capacitors. However, the issue with electrolytic capacitor‐less LED driver is that the ripple of the smoothed voltage becomes large due to insufficient capacitance of the smoothing capacitor. The proposed method, which uses the discontinuous current mode of a buck‐boost converter, reduces the output current ripple under such conditions. Experimental results using a 5.7 W LED driver prototype demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the output current ripple and that the percent flicker becomes 4.4%, which is smaller than the recommended upper limit of 8%.     

Current‐fed isolated PFC pre‐regulator for multiple LED lamps with extended lifetime

To emit high‐quality LED light, one or a bin of LED lamp(s) is normally driven by a PWM‐controlled constant current source to minimize device variation and achieve accurate brightness control. Powered from offline AC mains, the front‐end power converters should provide a relatively low DC voltage bus for the inputs of post‐end LED current regulators. To match the long lifetime of LEDs, the whole LED driver (ballast) should work as durably as the LEDs. However, the lifetime of the driver is usually limited by the high‐voltage electrolytic charge storage capacitors used in conventional PFC pre‐regulators. In this paper, our previously proposed resonant current‐fed isolated PFC pre‐regulator is extended to operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). It allows the use of the low‐voltage storage capacitors on the transformer secondary, and therefore extends the overall lifetime of the LED lighting system. A detailed procedure for finding the expected lifetime of the low‐voltage electrolytic capacitor is given. As before, the high‐voltage stress on the main switches, which is typical in current‐fed isolated converters, is reduced substantially by taking advantage of the transformer leakage inductance necessary for resonance. Additionally, high efficiency is ensured by the use of dual non‐cascading structures. Steady‐state state‐space averaging analysis is performed for designing the converter in DCM operation. A prototype converter is built to verify performance of the proposed PFC LED pre‐regulator. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无电解电容的改进型SEPIC LED照明驱动

高功率白光LED因其高光效、长寿命、环保及小体积等优点,已经引起学术界和工业界的广泛关注,有望成为第四代照明光源。通常LED照明的供电电源除了要求高效率、高功率因数、低成本外,还必须具有高功率密度。然而作为储能的电解电容不但体积较大,而且寿命短,不但影响了电源功率密度的提高而且降低了LED驱动的使用寿命。因此本文在研究分析了现有LED照明驱动的基础上,提出了一种改进型SEPIC变换器,并以此为基础,提出了一种新的LED照明驱动。该LED照明驱动以Twin-Bus Buck变换器作为LED电流调节器,改进型SEPIC PFC作为预处理级。该驱动在满足输入功率因数不低于0.96时,消除了电解电容。一台50W的SEPIC PFC的实验样机的测试结果表明了设计的合理性和可行性。     

单级PFC滤波电容器电容量与输出电压纹波关系

单级功率因数校正是带有功率因数校正的AC/DC变换器中的最简单的一种.在半个工频周期中,文中详尽的分析了单级功率因数校正电路的输出电压的纹波成分与输出电流与输出滤波电容器电容量电容关系;得出了单级功率因数校正需要和大的输出滤波电容器的电容量才能满足常规开关电源对纹波电压的要求的结论,这使得单级功率因数校正的应用受到极大...     

A single‐stage integrated bridgeless AC/DC converter for electrolytic capacitor‐less LED lighting applications

In this paper, a single‐stage integrated bridgeless AC/DC converter is proposed. As compared to its counterpart that is composed of totem‐pole boost power factor correction (PFC) cascade fly‐back DC/DC converter, the studied circuit has less components number while overcoming the limits of the totem‐pole type. Thus, it is suitable to the low‐power LED lighting applications. Furthermore, when both PFC inductors L_b and magmatic inductance L_m of the transformer TR1 operate at discontinuous current mode, the bus voltage v_CB can be used to decouple the ac input and constant dc output power. Thus, the approach of increasing bus voltage ripple is employed to eliminate electrolytic capacitors and obtain long operation lifetime. Additionally, it is able to be compatible with our studied twin‐bus configuration for increasing the overall efficiency. A 50‐W hardware prototype has been designed, fabricated, and tested in the laboratory to verify the proposed converter validity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种单级无电解电容LED驱动电路

基于Flyback的单级LED驱动电路的隔离变压器漏电感严重影响了驱动电路的工作效率,同时由于电解电容的存在,缩短了LED驱动电路的寿命。研究了一种带漏电感能量回馈通路的Buck-Boost+Flyback单级PFC驱动电路,利用一个二极管作为变压器漏电感能量回馈通路,消除开关管上的电压尖峰。建立了一定输出功率条件下中间级电容两端上限电压与电容值之间的函数关系,根据关系曲线选取合理的瓷片电容取代电解电容。研制一台输入130~260 V,输出为33 V/150 mA的实验样机验证了理论的正确性。     

储能电感对二次型Boost PFC变换器的性能影响

相比于断续导电模式(DCM)Boost功率因数校正(PFC)变换器,输入电感L1和储能电感L_2均工作于DCM的二次型Boost PFC变换器的输出电压纹波明显减小,但其功率因数(PF)较低。首先分析了电感L1工作于DCM的二次型Boost PFC变换器PF值表达式,指出可通过适当增大变换器中间电容电压VC1以提高PF值。其次,研究了电感L_2取值对中间电容电压及其电压纹波的影响。研究结果表明,当L_2工作于DCM时,可以通过设置较大的电感L_2/L1比值,以实现变换器更高的功率因数和更低的输出电压纹波。仿真与实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

准单级功率变换的高效单相三端口功率因数校正变换器

由于Boost型功率因数校正(PFC)变换器输出电压必须高于交流电压峰值,因此当负载电压较低时,其需要级联直流/直流(DC/DC)变换器,不利于系统效率提高。以优化PFC变换器随电网电压变化的瞬时效率、进而提升整体效率为目标,研究了一种单相三端口PFC变换器。通过将传统三电平Boost变换器的低压侧分压电容直接用作负载输出端口,并构造出一个高压端口,可以实现交流输入侧和直流负载侧之间的准单级功率变换,有效减小了系统中功率变换的级数,从而实现PFC变换器整体效率的提升。此外,准单级功率变换的特性还有利于减小后级DC/DC变换器的电压电流应力和功率损耗,进一步提高交流/直流(AC/DC)变换器的整体效率。文中详细分析了三端口PFC变换器的工作原理和控制策略,建立了损耗分析模型并进行了仿真验证。最后,利用2kW实验样机验证了所研究变换器在改善系统效率方面的有效性。     

一种减小储能电容容值的LED驱动器

高亮度发光二极管(简称LED)具有发光能效高、光学性能好、寿命长、环境友好等优点,是极具发展前景的新一代绿色照明光源。但是传统AC供电的LED驱动器中短寿命的电解电容,限制了LED照明光源的长时间使用。提出了一种有偏置的正弦波电流驱动LED,通过理论分析得到,在同样的中间母线电压脉动下,储能电容的容量能够减小到原来的55.8%,从而可以用薄膜电容取代电解电容。     

Boost型无频闪谐振降压式LED驱动电源分析与设计

传统的二次型Boost功率因数校正变换器只能实现升压输出,在一定程度上限制了其在LED驱动电源中的应用。本文基于二次型Boost变换器提出了一种Boost型无频闪谐振降压式LED驱动电源,并分析了其工作原理及特性。该LED驱动电源利用一个有源开关管将二次型Boost变换器与一个谐振网络进行整合。与传统的二次型Boost变换器相类似,该LED驱动电源可以实现高效率和高功率因数。此外,该LED驱动电源可实现低电流纹波和降压变换输出。最后,搭建了一台84W的实验样机,最高效率可达到92.88%,验证了理论分析的正确性及可行性。     

Dimmable MR16 LED drivers with low output ripple and wide duty ratio operating range

In this paper, a novel single‐switch DC–DC converter is proposed for dimmable MR16 light‐emitting diode (LED) drivers. The proposed driver can achieve very low output voltage ripple without using MHz switching frequency; therefore, small non‐electrolytic capacitors can be used to achieve longer lifetime and higher efficiency. Also, because of special merit of the proposed converter, it can be designed so that much wider duty ratio operating range can be achieved for LEDs. Hence, better digital dimming level resolution can be attained. Finally, a prototype driver for MR16 LED lamps is constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the converter. Experimental results show that a maximum efficiency of 92% can be achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型单级PFC变换器的研究

提出了一种新型单级功率因数校正变换器的电路拓扑,分析了其工作原理。通过一台输出容量为600W的实验装置,研究了该电路拓扑的输入、输出性能指标。实验结果表明,应用该电路拓扑的实验装置,其功率因数较高,输入电流的总谐波畸变较低,输出电压纹波小,而且整个装置的效率也比较高。     

一种无电解电容的单级复合LED驱动电路

近年来为了提高LED驱动电路转换效率和减小输出纹波,单级复合型电路得到深入研究与应用。针对辅助绕组支路上串联Buck电路的单级反激LED驱动电路,研究了一种输出电流谐波注入方案,以减小输出电容,使得输出电解为高频容所代。首先,介绍单级复合电路的工作原理,推导输出电压纹波与负载电流的关系,分析脉动电流的相位对电容电压纹波的影响,给出负载电流谐波注入方案的设计依据;其次,给出所述方案的实现方式与电路;最后,研制了一台150 W实验样机,验证方案的可行性与有效性。     

变占空比控制二次型Boost功率因数校正变换器

与传统电流断续模式(DCM)Boost功率因数校正(PFC)变换器相比,定占空比控制二次型DCM-DCM Boost PFC变换器的输出电压纹波明显减小,然而,其功率因数(PF)低于传统DCM Boost PFC变换器,并随输入电压的增大而下降。针对此问题,提出了变占空比控制二次型DCM-DCM Boost PFC变换器,研究了其PF和输出电压纹波的表达式,通过占空比的拟合,给出了相应的控制电路。在90~220V输入电压范围内,变占空比控制二次型DCM-DCM Boost PFC变换器的PF均接近于1,且具有较小的输入电感电流纹波和较低的输出电压纹波,实现了高功率因数与低输出电压纹波特性。实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

一种单级串联型N路输出电流独立控制LED驱动电源

在多彩LED环境照明、LED投影等应用场合,多路输出电流需要实现独立控制。针对此应用目标,提出一种单级串联型N路输出电流独立控制的LED驱动电源,单级结构保证自动实现功率因数校正功能,N-1个由开关管、二极管和输出滤波电容组成的有源输出单元AOU(active output unit)和1个仅由二极管和输出滤波电容组成的无源输出单元POU(passive output unit)串联构成串联型N路输出结构,通过对N路输出电流采样并进行闭环控制,保证各开关管工作占空比不同,即可实现N路输出电流独立控制。以3路输出为例,详细分析了驱动电源的工作原理及其闭环系统控制方法,并搭建了1台总输出功率为120 W的实验样机,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

大功率LED驱动电源对光效的影响研究

LED通常由直流电源驱动,但AC/DC直流输出电源设计复杂、成本较高,而低成本的单级AC/DC方案存在较大的输出低频纹波,影响LED发光效果。文中比较了两种典型的AC/DCLED恒流驱动电源,并分析了不同的低频电流纹波量对LED光效、LED瞬态光亮强度的影响。由比较发现,合理的设计纹波电流,可以减小它对光效的影响,降低驱动器的成本。通过实验得出纹波电流量的比例标准,为低成本的LED驱动器提供设计参考。