Patterns and Correlates of Sedentary Behaviour Accumulation and Physical Activity in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Few studies have used 24-hour accelerometery to characterise posture and movement patterns in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to quantify sedentary behaviour (SB), patterns of SB accumulation and physical activity (PA) in people with COPD, and to examine physiological and functional capacity correlates of total SB and patterns of SB accumulation. SB and PA were assessed continuously over seven days using thigh-worn accelerometery in people with COPD. Participants were regarded as “sedentary” if combined sitting/reclining time accounted for ≥70% of waking wear time. Differences in patterns of SB accumulation and PA were compared between “sedentary” and “non-sedentary” participants. Physiological and functional capacity correlates of SB were explored using univariate analysis. Sixty-nine people with COPD (mean (SD) age 74 (9) years, FEV1 55% (19) predicted) had sufficient wear data for analysis. Mean sedentary time was 643 (105) minutes/day (71% (11) of waking wear time), of which 374 (142) minutes/day were accumulated in prolonged bouts of ≥30?min. “Sedentary” participants had a more unfavourable pattern of SB accumulation and spent less time in PA of any intensity. Sedentary time, expressed as a proportion of waking wear time, was inversely correlated with light (r?=??0.97, p?<?.01) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (r?=??0.55, p?<?.01) and exercise capacity (r?=??0.33, p?<?.01), but not with age, body mass index or lung function. People with COPD had high total SB and accumulated the majority of SB in prolonged bouts. High total SB was correlated with low physical activity and exercise tolerance.     

稳定期COPD患者深吸气量与运动耐力的关系

目的 探讨深吸气量(IC)及相关肺功能指标与稳定期中重度COPD患者运动耐力的相关性。方法 对62例处于稳定期的中重度COPD患者进行常规肺功能检测及斜坡式功率递增症状限制性心肺运动试验,测定相关肺通气功能参数、气体交换参数。结果 COPD患者的IC%pred与运动耐力[峰值摄氧量占预计值的百分比(peak O₂%pred)]有显著的相关性(r＝0.74,P<0.001),IC%pred对peakO₂%pred有显著预测意义。结论 IC%pred对稳定期COPD患者运动耐力的预测较其他肺功能指标更有优势。     

性别差异对中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐力的影响

目的 比较中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者运动耐力的性别差异.方法 本研究对151例中、重度COPD患者的肺功能(PFT)和功率递增心肺运动试验(CPET)结果进行了分析.将患者分为Ⅱ级COPD组和Ⅲ级COPD组.并选择43例年龄、性别、身高、体质量相匹配的正常人作为对照组.本研究测定第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、峰值运动功率(Peak Load)、峰值摄氧量(Peak (V)O2)、峰值心率(Peak HR)、峰值氧脉搏(Peak(V)O2/HR)、最大分钟通气量(M(V)E)、气促指数(M(V)E/MVV)等指标.本研究分别在不同COPD分级和性别之间分析比较了上述指标的差异.结果 Ⅱ级COPD组和Ⅲ级COPD组的女性患者的Peak (V)O2实/预％和Peak (V)O2/HR实/预％较同组男性更高(P值均＜0.05).Ⅲ级COPD男性患者的运动耐力较Ⅱ级有明显降低(P＜0.0001),然而,Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级COPD女性患者之间运动耐力差异无统计学意义(P=0.246).结论 在中、重度COPD患者中,男性运动耐力下降较女性更为严重,吸烟可能是造成这一差异的重要因素.     

How many steps are enough to avoid severe physical inactivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

While prognostically valuable, physical activity monitoring is not routinely performed for patients with COPD. We aimed to determine the number of daily steps associated with severe physical inactivity (physical activity level <1.40) in this population. We found that a daily step value <4580 is associated with severe physical inactivity. Our results are of significant value for clinicians counselling patients with COPD to help avoid the morbidity of severe physical inactivity.     

One-year Mortality in COPD After an Exacerbation: The Effect of Physical Activity Changes During the Event

Mortality is one of the most important outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Different predictors have been associated with mortality, including the patient's level of physical activity (PA). The objective of this work was to establish the relationship between changes in PA during a moderate-to-severe COPD exacerbation (eCOPD) and 1-year mortality after the index event. This was a prospective observational cohort study with recruitment of 2,484 patients with an eCOPD attending the emergency department (ED) of 16 participating hospitals. Variables recorded included clinical and sociodemographic data from medical records, dyspnea, health-related quality of life, and PA before the index eCOPD and 2 months after the hospital or ED discharge, as reported by the patient. In the multivariate analysis worsening changes in PA from baseline to 2 months after the ED index visit [odds ratio (ORs) from 2.78 to 6.31] was related to 1-year mortality, using the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (OR: 1.22), and previous use of long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy or non-invasive mechanical ventilation at home (OR: 1.68). The same variables were also predictive in the validation sample. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the derivation and validation sample were 0.79 and 0.78, respectively. In conclusion, PA is the strongest predictor of dying in the following year, i.e., those with worsened PA from baseline to 2 months after an eCOPD or with very low PA levels have a higher risk.     

心肺运动试验及其在慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊疗中的应用

心肺运动试验从整体上评估心肺功能.能发现静态肺功能不能发现的潜在的病理生理改变.心肺运动试验在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的早期诊断、运动受限评估、疾病严重程度及预后评估、干预方案制订及疗效评价等方面都具有其临床价值.     

深吸气量与稳定期慢性阻塞性肺病患者运动耐力的相关性研究

目的探讨深吸气量（IC）与稳定期慢性阻塞性肺病患者（COPD）运动耐力的相关性。方法对人选的30例稳定期COPD患者,每日吸入噻托溴胺粉雾剂18ug,连续观察12周。于第1、43、85天检查呼吸困难的评分,6分钟行走距离（6MWD）,一秒钟用力呼气量（FEV1）,用力肺活量（FVC）,深吸气量（IC）等指标,比较用药前后各变量变化的统计学意义及肺功能各变量与6MWD的相关性。结果用药后FEV1和FEV1／FVC均有所改善,其中FEV1的改善要好于FEV1／FVC改善,但与用药前比较,均无显著差异（P〉0．05）;用药后6周、12周IC较用药前比较有显著增加（t=4．596、5．405,P均〈0．01）,6MWD用药后6周、12周较用药前有显著提高（t=4．628、6．207,P均〈0．01）;用药后6周、12周呼吸困难评分的下降较用药前比较有显著差异（z=4．433、4．026,P均〈0．001）;回归分析显示IC的变化与6MWD的变化均有较好的相关性（r=0．900、0．873,P均〈0．01）。结论本研究的结果提示比较其他肺功能指标,伦的改变与呼吸困难和运动耐力的改变有更好地相关性,IC的测定有助于COPD患者治疗效果及生活质量的预测。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺康复相关进展与运动心肺功能的应用

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,特别是老年患者.运动耐力下降是其主要症状之一,不但严重影响了患者的生活质量,同时带来了沉重的社会家庭经济负担,随着人口老龄化的加深,这一问题愈显突出.很多国外研究已证明肺康复是改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐力的有效手段,且具有良好成本效益.同时越来越多的研究已将运动心肺功能作为其评估技术,并将其广泛运用到日常的诊疗活动中.目前国内对这方面的研究和应用还相对较少.本文将着重就肺康复及这一运动耐力评估方法作一综述.     

呼吸训练对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的影响

目的探讨呼吸功能锻炼对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）康复期患者肺功能、呼吸困难程度和生存质量的影响。方法采用自身前后对照的方法,72例COPD稳定期的患者进行缩唇呼吸、腹式呼吸、呼吸操等呼吸肌功能锻炼方法,锻炼6个月。测定患者肺功能、6 min行走距离（6MWT）、Borg评分和生存质量。结果呼吸肌锻炼后肺功能指标均有明显改善（P〈0.05）,6 min行走距离（6MWT）测定;改良的Borg评分表;生存质量与锻炼前比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论呼吸功能锻炼能改善肺功能、增加6min行走距离、减轻呼吸困难程度和提高生存质量。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者去脂体重与最高运动状态反应的相关性

目的 探讨去脂体重(FFM)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者最高运动状态反应的相关性.方法 26例正常对照组和62例稳定期COPD患者进行负荷连续递增的运动心肺功能试验.其中稳定期COPD患者按照第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)分成轻度、中度和重度,在运动中检测受试者最高运动状态时氧耗量(peakVO2)、最高运动状态时运动负荷(peakLoad)、最高运动状态时氧脉搏(peakO2 pulse)、无氧阈(AT)等各项参数.运动前进行FFM测定和常规肺功能检查.结果 ①重度COPD患者FFM明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);②重度COPD组的peakVO2、peakVO2%pred、peakLoad、peakLoad%pred、peakO2 pulse、peakO2 pulse%pred和AT均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③FFM与peakVO2%pred、peakLoad%pred、AT和peakO2pulse%pred呈正相关(r=0.671,0.478.0.423,0.618,P值均＜0.05).结论 FFM与COPD 患者肌肉代谢和运动耐力相关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship between fat-free mass (FFM) and peak exercise performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients. Methods 26 healthy subjects and 62 stable COPD patients performed incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing with cycle ergometer. 62stable COPD patients were divided three groups(mild COPD,moderate COPD,severe COPD) according to FEV1%pred, peakVO2, peakLoad, peakO2 pulse, AT were measured during exercise. FFM and routine subjects, peakVO2 ,peakVO2 %pred,peakLoad,peakLoad%pred,peakO2 pulse,peakO2 pulse% pred and AT peakLoad%pred,AT and peakO2 pulse% pred ( r =0. 671,0. 478,0. 423,0. 618, P＜0. 05) in COPD patients.Conclusions FFM is significantly associated with muscle aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance in COPD patients.     

Improvements in outcomes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) attributable to a hospital-based respiratory rehabilitation programme

Aim: To determine whether the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation, demonstrated in selected subjects in randomised controlled studies, can be achieved by a hospital-based respiratory rehabilitation programme conducted as part of routine clinical management. Methods: Design: A prospective longitudinal study of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) enrolled in a hospital based, non-medically supervised, outpatient, respiratory rehabilitation programme was undertaken. The rehabilitation programme was of pragmatic design and content, supervised by respiratory physiotherapists and comprised seven two hour sessions over one month for groups of six to eight patients. It included education on disease management, practical instruction in coping skills, as well as a progressive aerobic exercise programme for specific muscle training related to functional activities. Subjects were assessed prior to the programme but after optimisation of pharmacologic therapy, at the completion of the programme and at three months and six months post-programme. Principal outcome parameters were exercise capacity (as assessed by a six minute walk distance [MWD] test), degree of perceived breathlessness and quality of life (QOL) (assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire [CRDQ]). Results: Fifty-one subjects with severe COPD (Fev₁=0.9±0.4 1) completed the programme. There was a significant improvement in exercise capacity (a six MWD test improved from 375±126 m at baseline to 440±109 m at three months, p<0.005). There were significant improvements in QOL (in the total CRDQ score as well as in the domains of dyspnoea, fatigue and mastery). There was a reduction in the level of perceived dyspnoea (modified Borg Scale). Most improvements were maintained for three and six months following completion of the programme. Compared with the six months preceding the programme there was a reduction in hospital admissions and reduction in courses of oral steroids. Conclusions: An outpatient, hospital-based respiratory rehabilitation programme pragmatically adapted for clinical utility produces substantial and clinically significant improvements in exercise tolerance and QOL, similar in type and magnitude to those obtained in controlled clinical trials. There was an associated reduction in COPD-related morbidity. Such gains were mostly maintained for six months after completion of the programme. Thus respiratory rehabilitation must be regarded as an essential component of a comprehensive clinical programme for the management of COPD.     

运动心肺功能与慢性阻塞性肺疾病严重程度相关性分析

目的 探讨心肺运动试验(CPET)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)GOLD分级间的相关性,明确何者为优.方法 67例稳定期COPD患者经GOLD分级后,先后进行静态肺通气功能(PFT)、CPET检测.记录FEV1%、FVC%、FEV1/FVC,CPET的最大运动功率(Wmax)、最大运功功率与预计值的比(Wmax%)、最大公斤摄氧量(VO2max)、无氧阈(VO2at AT)、氧脉(O2 Pulse)、最大呼吸频率(RRmax)、呼吸储备(BR%)、最大心率(HRmax)、心率储备(HRR)和每分钟通气量(VE).分析各参数与疾病分期之间的相关性.结果 VO2max、Wmax、O2 Pulse各期间差异有统计学意义;BR%、VE在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期间差异无统计学意义;VO2 at AT在各分期间差异无统计学意义;VO2max、O2 Pulse、VE分别与FEV1%或GOLD分期均显著相关;Wmax、VO2 at AT、BR%与FEV1%或GOLD分期均呈显著相关,而RRmax、HRmax与FEV1%或GOLD分期无相关性.运动受限原因主要有(40/67)为下肢乏力,(9/67)为气促,(7/67)为气促伴下肢乏力.结论 CPET参数与COPD的GOLD分期相关,同时CPET参数与FEV1相关性更高,单纯GOLD分期不能全面评估COPD患者疾病的严重程度,此外,CPET有助于明确运动受限原因.     

心肺运动试验应用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的研究进展

心肺运动试验是在不同运动负荷下对人体的心肺功能进行测定和综合评估,已成为一项重要的临床检测手段.本文介绍了心肺运动试验的常用指标,并重点探讨了其在慢性阻塞性肺疾病方面的应用.     

Frequency of Multi-dimensional COPD Indices and Relation with Disease Activity Markers

Abstract

Our aim was to describe the population-based distribution of several COPD multi-dimensional indices and to evaluate their relationship with daily physical activity, co-morbidity, health status and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. From a population-based sample of 3,802 subjects aged 40–80 from the EPI-SCAN study, 382 subjects (10.2%) with a post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FVC<0.7 were identified as COPD. Smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, quality of life, co-morbidities, lung function and inflammatory biomarkers were recorded. Health status and daily physical activity were assessed using the EQ-5D and LCADL questionnaires, respectively. The new GOLD grading and the BODE, ADO, DOSE, modified DOSE, e-BODE, BODEx, CPI, SAFE and HRS indices were determined.

A notable dispersion in the total scores was observed, although 83–88% of the COPD patients were classified into the mildest level and 1–3% in the most severe. The SAFE index was the best independent determinant of daily physical activity; the SAFE and ADO indices were associated with presence of co-morbidity; and the SAFE and modified DOSE indices were independently related to health status. The systemic biomarkers showed a less consistent relation with several indices. In a population-based sample of COPD patients, the SAFE index reaches the highest relation with physical activity, co-morbidity and health status.