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Kim Hill 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》2002,13(1):105-128
This paper presents quantitative data on altruistic cooperation during food acquisition by Ache foragers. Cooperative activities
are defined as those that entail a cost of time and energy to the donor but primarily lead to an increase in the foraging
success of the recipient. Data show that Ache men and women spend about 10% of all foraging time engaged in altruistic cooperation
on average, and that on some days they may spend more than 50% of their foraging time in such activities. The most time-consuming
cooperative activity for both sexes is helping during the pursuit of game animals, a pattern that is probably linked to the
widespread sharing of game by Ache foragers. Cooperative food acquisition and subsequent food redistribution in hunter-gatherer
societies are critical behaviors that probably helped shape universal, evolved, cooperative tendencies that are well illustrated
in modern experimental economics.
This paper was originally presented at a Max Planck symposium on cooperation in Leipzig in June 1999. This work was partially
funded by a grant from the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation and NSF grant BNS 9727656.
Kim Hill is a professor of anthropology in the Human Evolutionary Ecology (HEE) program at the University of New Mexico. His
primary research interests include hunter-gatherer behavioral ecology, life history theory, food acquisition strategies, food
sharing, cooperation, and biodiversity conservation in lowland South America. He has done fieldwork with Nahautl, Ache, Guarani,
Hiwi, Mashco Piro, Matsiguenga, and Yora indigenous peoples of Central and South America. 相似文献