烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

市场对商品价值形成的作用

市场需求的存在,决定劳动的必要性,是商品价值形成的前提;市场供求关系的变化影响劳动的有效性,从而影响商品价值量;市场范围决定商品价值的形成范围.商品价值包括质和量两个方面,质是指凝结在商品中的一般人类劳动,量是指凝结在商品中的一般人类劳动通过市场而满足他人需要的程度.劳动是商品价值的唯一源泉,劳动和市场共同决定商品价值量的大小.     

论信息时代图书馆服务模式的演变

在现代信息技术的推动下,图书馆传统的管理体系和服务方式正在发生巨大变革。从读者服务模式的转变、读者服务范围的拓展、读者服务内容的增加、读者服务功能的扩展、读者教育的开展以及服务人员角色的转变等方面对未来图书馆读者服务的发展趋势和发展规律进行了论述。     

磁性药物微球的药物释放规律及磁定向规律研究

磁性药物微球的组成直接影响其药物释放速度。当微球中固化白蛋白含量接近时,药物含量越高,微球的通透性越好;药物含量相同时,固化白蛋白含量越高,药物的通透性越差。磁性药物微球的水悬浮液通过外磁场时的定位量随着介质流速的减小、外磁场的增强和微球中Fe_3O_4含量的增加而增加。增加分散介质粘度时,微球的定位量减小。     

变渣皮厚度条件下铜冷却壁应力分布规律及挂渣稳定性

根据热弹性力学理论,建立了渣皮厚度可变的铜冷却壁热-力耦合应力场分布计算模型,从铜冷却壁本体和炉渣-镶砖界面应力分布的角度分析了煤气温度、冷却制度、镶砖材质和炉渣性质等因素对铜冷却壁寿命及挂渣稳定性的影响规律.计算结果表明:煤气温度的升高使铜冷却壁本体应力线性升高,同时挂渣稳定性减弱;铜冷却壁本体应力值及挂渣稳定性均随渣皮厚度增加而呈现先下降后上升的趋势,实际生产中渣皮厚度应维持在30~60 mm之间;冷却水流速的增大会导致铜冷却壁本体应力值小幅上升,但可使挂渣稳定性增强;冷却水温的提升可小幅降低冷却壁本体应力,但会显著降低挂渣稳定性;镶砖热导率的提升和炉渣热膨胀系数的减小均有利于降低铜冷却壁本体应力并增强挂渣稳定性.     

预测多元合金形成焓的三组元作用模型

研究了合金中的二元子系中的两组元的性质受到子系外组元的影响而引起形成焓的改变.模拟发现子系中组元的电负性和电子密度的改变与其和子系外组元电负性之和成比例,计算中可将此影响等效到对组元体积的影响,当子系外有多个组元时,其电负性的作用可等效到一个组元.对三元系合金形成焓的计算结果表明:考虑三个组元作用可大大提高预测的精度,结果与实验符合较好,优于几何模型预测结果.提出的合金形成焓建模的思路对于研究多元系合金的热力学性质也具有实际意义.     

基于DEA模型的淮安市服务业效率分析

服务业发展水平是衡量一个国家或地区生产社会化程度的重要标志.随着淮安市社会经济事业的快速发展,淮安的服务业已进入了快速发展期.基于对淮安市服务业效率定量评估的考虑,本文选取了淮安市2000~2007年的相关统计数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)法对淮安市服务业近8年的发展进行了效率分析,同时也分析了它们的规模收益与投入冗余率,指出了相对无效率年的症结所在,为未来的投入发展提供了参考.     

考虑轴压比影响时框架稳定性的刚重比控制方法

改变框架柱的轴压比,对10根钢筋混凝土柱与5根钢柱进行压弯试验,拟合了轴压比对框架柱抗侧刚度的影响公式.用等效水平力方法推导了结构临界重力荷载,提出了基于结构刚重比控制的框架重力二阶效应的稳定计算方法,给出了考虑轴压比影响时框架结构稳定性的刚重比控制方法.结果表明:考虑轴压比影响,框架柱抗侧刚度提高,使得计算的刚重比更容易满足规范关于框架结构稳定性对刚重比的要求,考虑轴压比对框架柱抗侧刚度的影响,符合工程实际,为现行规范对高层框架侧移计算的完善提供参考.     

关于建立科技创新基金评价体系的思考

通过参与创新基金项目的实际操作过程,运用项目、战略、市场、人力资源、财务等领域的相关知识进行了分析、思考和总结,提出了创新基金项目技术和经济评价缺乏基本的体系的问题,创新性地设计了全面评价技术创新项目的评价基本体系。具体包括:企业情况分析、企业发展战略与投资项目的关联性分析、技术创新性分析、技术,行性和成熟性分析、项目产品市场分析与竞争能力分析、财务(经济)和社会效益评价等。     

提高党的建设科学化水平与党的建设科学化的基本内涵

提高党的建设科学化水平是在科学判断世情、国情和党情的新变化的基础之上提出来的一个重大命题和重大任务,为新的历史条件下党的建设指明了方向。文章通过对"党的建设科学化"和"提高党的建设科学化水平"命题提出背景和目的进行分析,界定了提高党的建设科学化水平与党的建设科学化的基本内涵。     

伤口收缩及瘢痕攣缩的机制

本文通过复习伤口收缩及瘢痕收缩的有关文献和通过有关病理标本的观察,指出伤口收缩与瘢痕收缩是两个过程,并认为两者收缩的机制不同。目前伤口收缩机制的假说主要有肌纤维母细胞说,伤口内容物说和肌肉收缩说。通过比较,作者认为肌肉收缩说比较合理。关于瘢痕挛缩机制的学说,目前文献已否定胶原纤维老化收缩学说,只提肌纤维母细胞学说。通过观察有广泛瘢痕病变的标本(如门脉性肝硬化,原发及继发性肾固缩等),未发现有病变器官的主质细胞和血管由于瘢痕组织收缩而导致的萎缩和受压现象。作者认为,这些病变器官及瘢痕缩小的主要机制是由于病灶内主质细胞的丢失,以及肉芽组织及瘢痕组织内充血血管不再充血、数量减少,以及其间质水肿液消退所引起的。