孔源性视网膜脱离术中放液方式改进和应用

目的 总结并讨论孔源性视网膜脱离术中改良的放液方式及其临床效果.方法 选择孔源性视网膜脱离患者85例(87只眼),手术方式为“巩膜外冷凝+冷针穿刺放液+外加压(或联合环扎术)”.结果 一次手术治愈82只眼,占94.25％;经2次手术治愈3只眼,占3.45％,总的外路手术成功率97.70％.有2只眼出现放液时出血,经治痊愈,无其他并发症出现.结论 直接巩膜冷针放液方法简单、安全、并发症少,值得应用.     

氩激光眼内探头眼外引流视网膜下液的临床观察

视网膜下液引流过程是视网膜脱离复位手术中极易发生并发症的步骤 ,常见的并发症有视网膜下出血、视网膜嵌塞及穿孔。为减少视网膜下液引流所产生的并发症 ,我们采用氩激光眼内探头眼外引流视网膜下液 ,并对其效果和安全性进行了观察。1　资料和方法1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 3月间非复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离且视网膜下液较多需引流患者 73例 73只眼 ,均经巩膜外冷冻、硅胶外加压、视网膜下放液或联合巩膜环扎手术。按年龄、性别、视网膜脱离范围随机分为 A、 B两组 ,A组采用氩激光眼内探头眼外引流视网膜下液 ,B组采用传统的冷针穿刺放液。A…     

环扎加压放液与不放液术的临床分析

目的：探讨不扎加压放液与不放液术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的适应证与疗效。方法;对术后随访3个月以上的孔源性视网膜脱离81例（82只眼）进行回顾性临床分析,其中44例（44只眼）进行放液术,37例（38只眼）进行不放液术。结果：环扎加压放液术占总数53．66％,一次手术成功率93．18％,总成功率97．73％,环扎加压不放液术占总数43．34％,一次手术成功率78．95％,总成功率94．57％。结论：环扎加压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离,放液术是一重要步骤,不放液术只要选择好适应证,亦有较高的一次手术复位率。     

不放液的节段性外垫压术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术的疗效比较

目的探讨不放液的节段性外垫压手术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的疗效,并对两种术式疗效进行比较。方法回顾分析181例(184只眼)增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)C2级以下改变的RRD行不放液的节段性外垫压手术与巩膜环扎加压、引流视网膜下液手术的临床资料。全部患者均为我院首诊病例,按手术中是否放液分为放液组和不放液组,分别分析各组PVR级别与视网膜解剖复位率的关系,并对二组的手术并发症、术后视力进行比较。181例患者术后随访时间2~48个月,平均8.6个月。结果放液组视网膜复位84只眼,手术成功率为91.3%;不放液组视网膜复位86只眼,手术成功率为93.5%。放液组和不放液组PVR不同级别(B,C级)视网膜复位率比较其差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。而二组的手术并发症、术后视力进步率比较,不放液组手术并发症明显比放液组低,术后视力进步率较放液组高,其差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论不放液的节段性外垫压手术与放液的巩膜环扎加压术复位率基本一致,但术后视力明显提高,手术并发症少,为手术步骤的重要改变,PVRC2级以下改变的RRD都可适用。     

球形视网膜脱离环扎加压术放液与否的疗效分析

目的 对照分析球形视网膜脱离环扎加压不放液组和环扎加压放液组的手术治疗。方法 用统计学方法分析同时期球形视网膜脱离环扎加压术不放液组（２０３眼）与放液组（１５９眼）的一次手术复位率、ＰＶＲ发展的发生率及总手术成功率。结果 放液组一次手术复位率９５．６０％,显著高于不放液组８７．６８％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＰＶＲ发展发生率不放液组４．９３％,显著高于放液组０．６３％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。最终总手术成功率放液     

不放液在环扎加压手术中的应用

目的 探讨不放液在环扎加压手术中的适应证及其优缺点。方法 分析１１０９例（１１３８眼）环扎加压不放液手术患者的临床资料,占同期手术４５．６３％。结果 １０１７眼视网膜下液在一周以内完全吸收,３６眼吸收时间在８￣７０天（平均１６．５６天）,不吸收的８５眼中７８眼进行再手术;一次手术复位率９２．５３％,最终手术成功率９８．９５％。结论 环扎加压不放液适用于更多的视网膜脱离眼,提高成功率的关键是确切地封     

视网膜脱离伴脉络膜脱离手术107眼临床报告

目的探讨视网膜脱离伴脉络膜脱离患者的病例情况及手术方法。方法收集１９９７年１月～１９９８年５月期间本院视网膜脱离患者中１０６例１０７眼伴脉络膜脱离眼为临床资料，予以统计分析。结果一次手术成功率７０．１％，玻璃体切割术７０％，环扎加压不放液７３．７％，环扎加压联合放液术５７．９％。最终治愈率为８６．９％。结论伴脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离患者行环扎不放液术是一种优点较多的手术。     

孔源性视网膜脱离不放液手术的疗效观察分析

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离不放液手术的效果及影响视网膜下液吸收的因素。方法 106例（109眼）孔源性视网膜脱离采用视网膜冷凝，巩膜环扎，外加压，不放液的手术方法。结果 1次手术后99眼视网膜完全复位（90.8%)。2眼再次不放液手术后视网膜复位。总复位率92.7%。视网膜下液术后1-2天吸收58眼（53.2%)。术后视力明显提高。结论 不放液手术效果和放液相同，且避免了放液的并发症。     

脉络膜脱离孔源性视网膜脱离术中不放液观察

目的 观察视网膜裂孔冷凝，巩膜环扎外加压手术不放液治疗脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 对28眼脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离进行裂孔冷凝，巩膜环扎，外加压，术中不引流视网膜下液，对其治疗结果进行分析。结果 28眼中一次成功25眼，视网膜下液在1～2天吸收为13眼，3天～1周内吸收为12眼，术后均有不同程度的视力提高。结论 在成功封闭裂孔后，脉脱型孔源性视网膜脱离视网膜下液可自行吸收，手术成功率高，可有效减少放液所带来的并发症。     

无晶状体眼视网膜脱离手术方法的探讨

目的 探讨治疗无晶状体眼视网膜脱离(ARD)和人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离(PPRD)的手术方式选择。方法 以无晶状体眼及人工晶状体眼原发生视网膜脱离65例(65只眼)为研究对象，分首次单纯环扎加压组30例(30只眼)及玻璃体手术加环扎或环扎加压组35例(35只眼)，进行临床治疗以及复发后进一步治疗观察。结果 30只眼单纯环扎加压组一次手术成功率86．67％(26／30)。随访3个月～1年，平均5．2个月。视网膜复位27只眼，复位率90％，其中3只眼再次行玻璃体手术治疗。玻璃体手术联合环扎或环扎加压组35只眼作为首次手术，一次手术成功率91．43％(32／35)，3只眼为巩膜手术复发者．共38只眼，随访3个月～1年，平均4．9个月，视网膜复位37只眼，复位率97．37％。总手术成功率93．85％(61／65)。结论 单纯环扎加压术和玻璃体手术加环扎或环扎加压术两种手术方法在选择好手术适应证情况下治疗ARD和PPRD具有较好的效果。玻璃体手术加环扎或环扎加压术对PVR增生较重的病例效果显著。两种手术方法结合治疗ARD和PPRD能明显提高视网膜复位率。     

Modified external needle drainage procedure for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To describe the results of a modified external needle subretinal fluid drainage technique to treat eyes with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: One hundred eighty-seven consecutive patients with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent scleral buckle and modified external needle drainage at Duke Eye Center or Vistar Eye Associates were included in this study. Subretinal fluid was drained by a technique whereby the intraocular pressure was raised to a supranormal level by tightening an encircling scleral buckle and then the subretinal space was entered by a needle introduced externally while the retina was directly viewed with an indirect ophthalmoscope. Subretinal fluid drainage success rate, one-operation reattachment rate, final retinal reattachment rate, intraoperative and postoperative complication rates, and final visual acuity were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Subretinal fluid was successfully drained in all eyes. The one-operation reattachment rate was 91%, and the final reattachment rate was 98%. Intraoperatively, 15% of eyes required corneal debridement to obtain an adequate view for safe subretinal fluid drainage. Subretinal hemorrhage of no more than one clock hour occurred in 4.2% of eyes. A total of 2.6% of eyes developed an epiretinal membrane postoperatively that required a vitrectomy to improve the visual acuity. The postoperative visual acuity, 0.54 by logMAR (20/69 by Snellen), was significantly better than the preoperative visual acuity, 1.1 logMAR (20/250 by Snellen) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The modified external needle drainage technique is a flexible, effective method to drain subretinal fluid in eyes with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The retinal reattachment rate and complication rate compare favorably to alternative subretinal fluid drainage techniques.     

巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性孔源性视网膜脱离

目的探讨巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性孔源性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法对41例（46眼）巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性孔源性视网膜脱离的临床资料,及其临床特征、手术方式、手术并发症及手术效果等进行回顾性分析。结果30眼采用巩膜环扎外加压术,12眼采用巩膜环扎术,4眼采用巩膜外加压术治疗;术中36眼放液,10眼未放液治疗。一次手术成功39眼（84.78%）。术中是否选择放液对一次成功的视网膜复位率无明显影响。最终随访44眼视网膜复位,治愈率达到95.65%。术后35眼（76.09%）视力较术前提高。结论巩膜环扎,外加压术联合术中放液或不放液是治疗陈旧性孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

下直肌牵引巩膜外垫压不放液手术治疗上方孔源性视网膜脱离

目的观察下直肌牵引及单纯巩膜外垫压不放液手术治疗上方孔源性视网膜脱离的临床效果。方法对上方孔源性视网膜脱离56例（56眼）术前进行下直肌缝线牵引制动，采用视网膜裂孔冷凝、巩膜环扎、外垫压及术中不放液的手术方法，对治疗结果进行分析。结果56例（56眼）经下直肌牵引制动3～5天后，52眼（92．86％）的视网膜脱离特别是上方球形脱离有明显消退，视网膜下液均有消散，其中28眼（50．00％）完全复位。53眼（94．64％）均行不放液术达到准确封闭孔源的目的。出院前治愈率为96．43％，未愈3．57％。结论下直肌缝线牵引制动可促进视网膜下液消退、平复，有利于术中裂孔准确定位、扣压位置适当，从而有效封闭裂孔。扩大了不放液手术适应范围，提高不放液手术成功率。     

孔源性视网膜脱离不放液手术的效果分析及影响因素

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离不放液手术的效果和影响视网膜下液吸收,视网膜复位的因素。方法 １２６例ＲＲＤ采用视网膜冷凝,巩膜不扎,外加压,不放液的手术方法。结果 １次手术后１１９眼视网膜完全复位,２眼再次不放液手术后视网膜复位,总复位率为９３．１％,ＳＲＦ术后２４ｈ吸收３７眼,７天内吸收１０１眼,术后视力明显提高。     

Modified needle drainage. A safe and efficient technique of subretinal fluid drainage in scleral buckling procedure

PURPOSE: To compare modified needle drainage (MND) with conventional drainage (CD) of subretinal fluid (SRF) as described by Schepens in surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: Prospective randomised clinical trial of 80 patients undergoing scleral buckling with subretinal fluid drainage for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In 40 patients modified needle drainage of subretinal fluid (SRF) was done using a perpendicular trans-scleral entry with a 26-gauge needle and the appearance of SRF in the hub of needle as end point. In 40 patients conventional drainage was done as described by Schepens using a diathermy needle. Adequacy of SRF drainage, intraoperative complications, anatomical and functional outcome were noted. RESULTS: 100% adequate drainage was achieved in all cases. The complication rate was 32.5% (n=13) in the CD group and 15% (n=6) in the MND group. In the CD group, 17.5% (n=7) patients had subretinal haemorrhage and in 2 eyes it was clinically significant. In the MND group 15% (n=6) of cases had subretinal haemorrhage and in one patient it was clinically significant. In the CD group, more serious SRF drainage complications were observed; these were absent in the MND group. CONCLUSION: Modified needle drainage is a safe and effective procedure for SRF drainage. In comparison with CD, MND is technically easy, less cumbersome and requires no special equipment.     

External Approach Microsurgery of Retinal Dialysis

Purpose: To explore the effect of external approach microsurgery in retinal dialysis. Methods: Consecutive 30 eyes of 28 patients with retinal dialysis were enrolled for this study. The progresses of the external approach microsurgery were following. Under the surgical microscopy, the preplacement of mattress sutures for buckling and/or encircling following retrobulbar anesthesia and scleral exposure, draining subretinal fluid, the cryotherapy of retinal breaks, checking the position of breaks on scleral buckle and gases injection were performed in turn. Results: After drainage of subretinal fluid, with scleral depression cryotherapy reaction around breaks could be observed clearly under the microscopy. All breaks were located on anterior slope of the buckle. Intraoperative complications were mild subretinal hemorrhage at drainage site and corneal epithelium exfoliation in 3 eyes, respectively. Postoperative complications were mainly secondary glaucoma and retinal redetachment. The one-operation reattaeh     

Modified external needle drainage of subretinal fluid in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a prospective, consecutive, interventional, single-surgeon study

PURPOSE: We describe surgical outcomes in a single-surgeon, consecutive series of patients who received scleral buckle placement for primary retinal detachment using a modified external needle drainage technique. METHODS: Eighty-two eyes of 80 patients with primary retinal detachment underwent scleral buckle placement with modified external needle drainage. Preoperative, postoperative, and surgical data were collected. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between preoperative clinical data and number of surgeries. RESULTS: The retinal detachment most commonly involved 41% to 50% of the retina. Seventy-six eyes (92.7%) were repaired after 1 surgical procedure, 98.8%, after 2 procedures, and 100%, after 3 procedures. No preoperative clinical variables were found to be significantly correlated with the number of surgeries performed. Vision improved an average of 0.3 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution or 3 lines of vision (P < 0.001). One eye (1.2%) developed a localized subretinal hemorrhage at the drainage site that resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: The modified external needle drainage technique used during scleral buckle placement appears to be safe and effective in patients with primary retinal detachment.     

改良穿刺放液在外路法视网膜脱离复位术中的应用

目的 探讨外路法视网膜脱离复位手术中改良穿刺放视网膜下液的临床有效性及安全性.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象2006年1月至2009年9月收住南京医科大学第一附属医院眼科的329例孔源性视网膜脱离的患者.方法 手术显微镜下予巩膜环扎和（或）巩膜外加压术,术中均联合改良穿刺法放出视网膜下液,即穿刺点选在角巩膜缘后11 mm的直肌两侧,避开涡状静脉和视网膜裂孔,采用25 G 5/8-in针头（1ml BD针头,新加坡Becton Dickinson Medical（S）Pte Ltd.）垂直巩膜穿刺放出视网膜下液,穿刺深度不超过针头斜面.收集术前、术后及手术数据并进行分析.主要指标改良穿刺放液的成功率及并发症的发生率.结果 329例外路法视网膜脱离复位手术,327例（99.4%）引流出视网膜下液,2例未引流出视网膜下液.改良穿刺放液的并发症有视网膜下出血2例（0.6%）,出血范围小于2PD,穿刺点正对视网膜裂孔处1例（0.3%）,导致玻璃体自巩膜穿刺口脱出.结论 改良穿刺放液法是外路法视网膜脱离复位术中引流视网膜下液的一种安全、有效的方法.     

环扎加压术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离疗效观察

目的探讨环扎加压术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法陈旧性视网膜脱离患者60例（60只眼）进行环扎加压术治疗，术中巩膜外放液48只眼（80％），不放液12只眼（20％），C3F8玻璃体腔内注入10只眼（16．7％）。结果术后随访6-12个月（平均8．6个月），44只眼（73．3％）视网膜完全复位，14只眼（23．3％）明显好转，2只眼（3．3％）手术后视网膜未复位，后行玻璃体手术。手术后视网膜脱离治愈率73．3％，有效率96．7％。结论环扎加压术治疗不伴有视网膜前膜形成的陈旧性视网膜脱离，疗效良好，创伤小，可作为首先选择的术式。