信息不对称条件下可控提前期供应链协调机制研究

探讨了信息不对称条件下提前期可以通过额外的赶工成本来加以控制的两级供应链协调问题。分别建立了分散决策和集中决策情形下的可控提前期供应链库存优化模型,并在充分考虑各参与方个体理性的基础上,探讨了分销商库存信息不对称情形下的供应链协调机制。最后通过数值分析证明该协调机制既能诱使分销商申报真实的库存持有成本信息,又能够在供应链合作双方成本均有改进的基础上,达到供应链系统的最优。     

基于复杂系统的移动图书馆信息分布建模初探

复杂系统理论是系统科学的一个前沿方向,而移动图书馆作为一种新兴的事物,同样是一个多层次、开放的复杂系统。本文以复杂系统相关理论和方法为基础,进行了移动图书馆信息分布建模的初步探索。     

突发性片堵塞下两车信息共享的加拿大旅行者问题

提出突发性片堵塞下两车信息共享的加拿大旅行者问题,即两车欲从起点出发去终点,在运输过程中会遭遇突发性片堵塞,若两车对堵塞信息都能有限预知且车辆间可以信息共享,如何制定路径选择策略使两车花费的总时间尽可能少。针对该问题,采用在线问题与竞争策略的理论和方法,建立突发性片堵塞下两车信息共享的在线路径选择模型,设计混合贪婪策略,结合片堵塞中多条路段同时发生堵塞的特点,以及所选路径是否经过信息预知点到片堵塞起始点的路段（预知路段）等策略不同情形的分析,证明混合贪婪策略竞争比。最后进行实例分析,验证模型和策略的有效性。     

供应链配送中的提前期模型研究

提出缩短提前期在快速反应中的重要性,分别研究供需双方在集中决策和分散决策情形下的最优提前期模型,最后研究供需双方在分散决策下的合作博弈模型,提出基于提前期折扣的配送协调策略。     

Optimal Expediting Policies for a Serial Inventory System with Stochastic Lead Time

In recent supply chains, often operating multiple delivery modes such as standard freight shipping and air is an effective way of addressing both delivery lead time uncertainties and service rates. We propose a model on how to optimally operate multiple delivery modes. We consider a serial supply chain and an expediting option from intermediate installations to the downstream of the chain. The goods move stochastically among the installations and the system faces a stochastic demand. We identify systems that yield simple optimal policies, in which both regular ordering and expediting follow a variant of the base stock policy. Expediting allows the system to be leaner due to the reduced regular order amount. In addition, we provide managerial insights linking expediting, base stock levels, and expediting costs based on analytical and numerical results.     

Demand and Production Management with Uniform Guaranteed Lead Time

Recently, innovation‐oriented firms have been competing along dimensions other than price, lead time being one such dimension. Increasingly, customers are favoring lead time guarantees as a means to hedge supply chain risks. For a make‐to‐order environment, we explicitly model the impact of a lead time guarantee on customer demands and production planning. We study how a firm can integrate demand and production decisions to optimize expected profits by quoting a uniform guaranteed maximum lead time to all customers. Our analysis highlights the increasing importance of lead time for customers, as well as the tradeoffs in achieving a proper balance between revenue and cost drivers associated with lead‐time guarantees. We show that the optimal lead time has a closed‐form solution with a newsvendor‐like structure. We prove comparative statics results for the change in optimal lead time with changes in capacity and cost parameters and illustrate the insights using numerical experimentation.     

可变提前期的易逝品供应链协调

易逝品供应链作为供应链的一个重要分支日益受到关注,已成为现代商业活动中不可或缺的组成部分.在提前期与预测误差呈线性关系,提前期与赶工成本呈分段线性关系的前提下,建立了在分散决策、集中决策两种模式下可变提前期的易逝品供应链库存模型,设计了优化算法并通过数值分析比较了这两种模式下供应链整体及其成员收益的变化.进一步探讨了在合作的分散决策模式下,可变提前期的易逝品供应链实现渠道协调的可行性以及实现渠道协调的条件,并通过数值例子说明了模型的结论.     

基于提前期的多阶通用件库存模型

针对单个企业内部应用通用件的环境,在假定一个多阶生产系统的基础上,对应用通用件的库存量水平及其成本进行了分析,建立了多阶通用件库存模型,提出通过对采用通用件和不采用通用件的成本差异的比较,来决策多阶生产系统中在哪一阶工序采用通用件,并求解出每一阶工序优化的基本库存水平。     

Managing a Remanufacturing System with Random Yield: Properties,Observations, and Heuristics

We study a remanufacturing system that involves the ordering of a serviceable product and the remanufacturing of multiple types of returned products (cores) into the serviceable product. In addition to random demand for the serviceable product and random returned quantities of different types of cores in each time period, the remanufacturing yield of each type of core is also uncertain. By analyzing a multi‐period stochastic dynamic program, we derive several properties of the optimal ordering/remanufacturing policy. In addition to some insights, these properties can be used to reduce the search effort of the optimal policy. We also demonstrate that some existing results derived from related models no longer hold in remanufacturing systems with random yield. Recognizing the optimal ordering/remanufacturing policy is highly complex, we examine three simple heuristics that can be efficiently solved and implemented in practice. Among these three heuristics, our numerical analysis suggests that the heuristic that captures most of the yield uncertainty and future system evolvement as well as some of the properties of the optimal ordering/remanufacturing policy outperforms the other two heuristics.     

基于可控提前期的随机寄售库存模型

本文通过假定需求提前期为随机且可控的,将寄售库存（Consignment Stock,CS）模型拓展到随机情形。本文首先将库存成本分为与财务相关的成本和与储存相关的成本两部分,得出CS方式下买卖双方的联合期望总成本公式,然后将订货量、订货点、提前期、运送次数作为决策变量,求得系统的最优参数设置及最小总成本。文章最后提出一个算法,并通过仿真的形式表明无论在确定还是随机环境中,CS方式的总成本都可能优于集成化库存方式。     

The Bullwhip Effect—Impact of Stochastic Lead Time,Information Quality,and Information Sharing: A Simulation Study

We use a simulation model called ‘SISCO’ to examine the effects in supply chains of stochastic lead times and of information sharing and quality of that information in a periodic order‐up‐to level inventory system. We test the accuracy of the simulation by verifying the results in Chen et al. (2000a) and Dejonckheere et al. (2004). We find that lead‐time variability exacerbates variance amplification in a supply chain, and that information sharing and information quality are highly significant. For example, using the assumptions in Chen et al. (2000a) and Dejonckheere et al. (2004), we find in a numerical experiment of a customer‐retailer‐wholesaler‐distributor‐factory supply chain that variance amplification is attenuated by nearly 50 percent at the factory due to information sharing. Other assumptions we make are based on interviews or conversations with managers at large supply chains.     

零售商竞争环境下分散式供应链的定价与交货期联合决策模型

考虑了由一个制造商和两个相互竞争的零售商组成的两阶段分散式供应链系统,建立了价格和时间双敏感需求下的供应链定价与交货期联合决策模型,并给出了基于Stackelberg博弈的供应链定价和承诺交货期的最优决策。随后,以集中式供应链的决策为基准,分析了分散式供应链决策的效率。最后,通过数值分析,研究了市场因素和营销渠道竞争因素对分散式供应链的决策效率及承诺交货期的影响。结果表明,供应链下游的渠道竞争有利于提高分散式供应链的决策效率和缩短承诺交货期,从而提高整个供应链的市场竞争力。