内置式永磁同步电机弱磁控制技术的研究

针对电动汽车所使用的内置式永磁同步电机在不同工况下的转速与转矩需求,基于内置式永磁同步电机标幺化数学模型,文中设计了在线计算法最大转矩电流比控制与电压反馈法弱磁控制相结合的控制策略,以便对电机进行弱磁控制。以一台2.8 kW永磁同步电机作为研究对象,使用MATLAB/Simulink对所设计控制策略进行了仿真研究,并搭建弱磁控制系统实验平台并进行验证。仿真及实验结果表明,该控制策略具有较好的鲁棒性与较快的转矩响应速度,可以满足电机不同工况下的转速转矩需求。     

一种开关磁阻电机模糊PI的直接瞬时转矩控制

噪音是开关磁阻电机应用中的一大难题。针对开关磁阻电机运行过程中转矩脉动较大的问题,采用有限元计算方法所得到的电机模型,在MATLAB中进行开关磁阻电机模糊PI直接瞬时转矩控制的仿真实验。采用Ansoft电磁场仿真软件,搭建了三相4/6开关磁阻电机,并将得到的磁链数据导入MATLAB电机模型中。随后,利用该模型搭建模糊PI直接瞬时转矩控制的Simulink仿真实验平台。实验结果发现,系统在0.01 s时开始响应,转矩浮动在0.05~0.1 Nom之间。该结果表明,将有限元得到的电机模型应用到模糊PI直接瞬时转矩控制的仿真实验中时,可以提高系统响应,并有效抑制转矩脉动。     

永磁同步电机直接转矩控制的仿真研究

本文通过对永磁同步电机及其控制方法的研究设计出一利用数字信号处理器（DSP）为内核的电动汽车永磁同步电机挖制器,并运用MATLAB/Simulink对搭建的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统进行仿真实验.实验结果表明该系统灵活性高,稳定性好,运行性能良好.     

基于dsPIC30F4011的感应电机变频调速系统

设计了一种基于dsPIC30F4011直接转矩控制的感应电机变频调速系统,系统通过对电机工作时间的磁链和转矩值进行检测得到电机转矩信息,然后将该检测信息反馈至dsPIC30F4011进行判断并输出相应控制信号,最后经IPMPS21865模块对电机转矩进行控制.该设计采用改进的扇区位置判断和应用电压矢量选取表的方法,提高了系统的可靠性和稳定性.实验结果表明,该系统设计简单实用,性能良好.     

基于模型预测控制的电动汽车轮毂电机转矩控制研究

分布式驱动电动汽车（Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles,DDEV）采用内嵌式轮毂电机,使各车轮独立可控,具有调节形式多样化等突出优点.合理的轮毂电机转矩分配是保证DDEV稳定性的关键.本文为提高DDEV稳定性,分析了轮毂电机转矩分配与稳定性的关系,提出一种基于模型预测控制器的DDEV轮毂电机转矩分配控制系统.所提出的控制系统由上层控制器和下层控制器两个主要部分组成.上层控制器设计了基于拉盖尔函数的模型预测控制器,综合分析保证DDEV稳定性所需的轮毂电机转矩约束条件,实现轮毂电机最优转矩分配,提高DDEV稳定性.下层控制器对四个轮毂电机进行实时控制,执行上层控制器设计的最优转矩分配方案.最后在搭建的Matlab/Simulink环境下进行仿真验证.     

基于转矩分配函数的开关磁阻电机的控制

转矩脉动较大是开关磁阻电机(SRM)的主要缺点,为了减小转矩脉动,提高电机性能,将转矩分配策略应用到电机中,能有效抑制转矩脉动。但由于开关磁阻电机的非线性,使得设计转矩分配函数变得很困难,传统的线性函数虽然简单,但无法体现开关磁阻电机的非线性。虽然非线性正弦函数的提出使得转矩性能得到了提高,但在换相区的效果还是不尽理想。为了解决这个问题,文中提出一种滞环补偿性转矩分配函数,仿真证明了该方法的有效性。     

电动汽车用永磁同步电机模糊控制仿真

研究了电动汽车用的正弦波永磁同步电机模糊控制的仿真分析。分析了永磁同步电机用于矢量控制的数学模型，并建立了基于其数学模型的电机控制仿真软件包。通过对模糊PI控制方法的仿真实验，去验证所开发的电动汽车用的永磁同步电动机驱动系统具有良好的性能，能够很好地满足电动汽车性能要求。     

基于MRAS的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统的研究

研究了一种基于模型参考自适应无速度传感器的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统:将永磁同步电机的磁链模型作为参考模型,估算的定子磁链模型作为可调模型,设计了自适应定律对电机的转速与定子电阻同时进行跟踪辨识,使用空间电压矢量调制技术组成了永磁同步电机无速度传感器直接转矩控制系统。仿真实验结果表明该系统获得了近似圆形的定子磁链,在转速与转矩变化时均能准确的估算出电机转速,具有良好的动、静态性能。     

测量技术课程关于电机转矩失效模式可靠性项目的测试

本文介绍了《测量技术》课程中一个实践性项目的测试,让学生通过实操项目锻炼分析和解决问题的能力,以及团队合作精神.项目在选取某型号电机进行失效模式可靠性测试的基础上,引入电机转矩性能测试的两种失效故障模式.文中介绍了失效模式的创建,并对测试运行的数据与正常运行的电机数据进行了分析比较.通过对测试影响因素的分析,得出电机转...     

基于转矩逆模型的SRM转矩脉动抑制研究

开关磁阻电机转矩逆模型的精度对于采用电流控制方式实现转矩控制的系统有很大的影响,文中采用经细菌群体趋药性算法优化后的最小二乘支持向量机建立开关磁阻电机的转矩逆模型,获得电流-转矩-角度特性;进而结合转矩分配函数和电流控制环构SRM转矩控制系统。通过仿真实验表明,该转矩逆模型准确地反映了电机的电流-转矩-角度特性,提高了开关磁阻电机控制系统中电流控制环的精度,并对该系统转矩脉动的抑制有重要作用。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.