聚丁二酸丁二醇酯反硝化反应器的脱氮效果及微生物群落变化研究

利用一种新型可生物降解聚合物聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)作为反硝化的碳源和附着生长载体构建反硝化反应器,进行反硝化效果研究,并利用聚合酶链式反应—变性梯度凝胶电泳技术研究该反应器挂膜阶段生物膜微生物的组成、结构变化及其与净化效果的关系.结果表明,利用PBS作为反硝化的碳源和附着生长载体构建的反硝化反应器脱氮效果显著,并且...     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的释碳性研究

研究了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的释碳规律及其持续释碳能力,并探讨了以PBS为碳源的反硝化效果及出水水质。结果表明,PBS不仅只在微生物的作用下降解,在非生物因素下同样可以得到降解,但在非生物因素和生物因素协同作用下降解得更好;PBS具有一定的缓释碳源能力,释碳总量随着时间的推移而增加,首先降解的是PBS的非结晶部分,随后才降解结晶部分;PBS释放到水中的可溶性有机碳(DOC)并不会被反硝化细菌全部利用,总会有所剩余,但剩余量低(6~7mg/L),并不会严重影响出水水质。     

不同水力停留时间条件下PCL为碳源去除水产养殖水体硝酸盐的效率及微生物群落分析

以可生物降解聚合为碳源的固相反硝化可以避免水产养殖用水硝酸盐处理过程中碳源反复添加、碳源不足或过量等问题。水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time, HRT)是生物反应器运行管理的主要参数之一, 用固定膜反应器固相反硝化的方法研究了HRT对以聚己内酯(polycaprolactone,PCL)为碳源的反应器去除循环水养殖系统硝酸氮(浓度为170～197 mg·L-1)的效率的影响。 研究结果表明不同水力停留时间对硝酸盐去除效率差异显著。在HRT 为6 h和8 h时,硝酸盐速率分别为(0.55±0.32) g·(L·d)-1和(1.05±0.33) g·(L·d)-1,且出水亚硝氮浓度和氨氮浓度均明显低于进水浓度;在HRT为4 h和2 h时,进出水硝酸盐浓度差异不明显。电子扫描显微镜观察显示PCL表面生物膜主要为杆状菌,应用傅里叶红外扫描观察发现使用前后PCL的化学结构没有发生明显改变。应用高通量方法测定的微生物群落结构表明,62%的细菌为Proteobacteria(62%),在鉴定出的细菌中,食酸菌属(Acidovorax), 固氮螺菌属(Azospira),丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas), 代尔夫特菌属(Diaphorobacter), 懒小杆属(Ignavibacterium), 弗拉特氏菌属(Frateuria)可以同时降解PCL和进行反硝化。     

以聚乙烯醇为骨架材料的固相碳源反硝化脱氮试验研究

针对反硝化过程中液态碳源投加量难以控制的问题,研发了一种缓释固相碳源。对比了不同骨架材料、乳化剂及组分配比对固相碳源脱氮性能的影响,优化固相碳源制备条件,并分析其释碳规律。结果表明,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为骨架材料,失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯(SPAN80)为乳化剂,PVA∶淀粉质量比为1∶1时制得的固相碳源释碳效果和脱氮效果更优,对于硝态氮为25～30mg/L模拟污水,其硝态氮去除率可以达到95%以上,出水COD保持在80mg/L左右。在连续流试验中,系统可在3d内迅速实现稳定反硝化脱氮,高效脱氮时间可维持在40d左右,在实际工程应用中,可以通过调节水力停留时间、反应器流态等参数,提高固相碳源的使用寿命。     

光照强度对光能自养生物膜去除低污染水体中硝态氮的影响研究

低污染水体存在C/N较低的特征,往往导致水体自净过程中反硝化碳源的不足.提出采用光能自养生物膜去除低污染水体中的硝态氮,研究不同光照强度对光能自养生物膜脱氮能力的影响,并验证了生物膜自行产生的胞外聚合物(EPS)及溶解性微生物产物(SMP)中多糖能否成为反硝化的碳源.结果表明,采用光能自养生物膜去除低污染水体中硝态氮具有良好的效果,光照强度的提高可以有效促进硝态氮的去除,在光暗比为12:12、水力停留时间为72 h时,1 500、3 000、4 500 lx光照强度下系统的硝酸盐去除率分别为37.1％、56.7％、62.5％,且随着光照强度增加硝酸盐去除速率逐渐提高;光照强度的增加可促进光能自养生物膜系统的EPS、SMP中多糖的产生,且光暗交替时EPS、SMP中多糖浓度呈“锯齿形”变化,在有光照时浓度明显上升,而在无光照时浓度下降;光能自养生物膜系统的EPS、SMP中的多糖可作为碳源被反硝化菌利用,而且在无外加碳源条件下,SMP中多糖对碳源的贡献大于EPS中的多糖.     

以聚己内酯作为生物反硝化固体碳源的研究

为解决水体因低碳氮比而导致脱氮效率差的问题,将颗粒聚己内酯(PCL)重新塑形为阶梯环状,研究其作为反硝化过程的生物膜载体与固相碳源的反硝化性能。结果表明,在静态实验中,平均反硝化速率为8.57 mg NO3-N/(L·h);反硝化过程为零级反应。连续填充床实验中,超过90%的硝酸盐可被去除,出水NO2-N质量浓度低于0.20 mg/L;出水NH3-N质量浓度略有上升;出水溶解性有机碳(DOC)先上升后降低至1 mg/L左右。电子扫描显微镜扫描显示,PCL阶梯环反应表面空隙率较高,表面生物膜以杆菌为主,反应后被明显腐蚀;液相色谱检测显示PCL阶梯环分子量反应前后略有下降,其结构未受到破坏;表明该材料适合作为反硝化反应的碳源的同时,又可以作为载体供微生物附着生长。     

Denitrification using PBS as carbon source and biofilm support in a packed-bed bioreactor

Biodegradable polymer was used as carbon source and biofilm support for nitrate removal from aqueous solution as an attractive alternative for biological denitrification. The objective of this paper was to investigate the denitrification performance and microbial community of a packed-bed bioreactor using poly (butanediol succinate) (PBS), a biodegradable polymer, as carbon source and biofilm support. NO₃–N concentration was determined by UV spectrophotometer. NO₂–N concentration was assayed by hydrochloric acid naphthyl ethylenediamine spectrophotometry method. Total organic carbon (TOC) was measured using a TOC analyzer. The morphology of the samples was observed using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The microbial community was analyzed by pyrosequencing method. The experimental results showed that an average removal efficiency of nitrate was 95 %. ESEM observation and FTIR analysis indicated the changes of PBS granules before and after microbial utilization. Pyrosequencing results showed that Betaproteobacteria predominated, and most of PBS-degrading denitrifying bacteria were assigned to the family Comamonadaceae. Denitrifying bacteria accounted for 13.02 % in total population. The PBS granules were suitable support and carbon source for denitrifying bacteria.     

降解聚丁二酸丁二醇酯菌株的诱变选育及降解性能

诱变选育是基因资源开发的重要手段之一,为了对降解聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)菌株的降解性能进行改良,选择具有一定降解PBS能力的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)DSCF-8为出发菌株,分别研究了其在5种诱变途径下的突变效应及最佳诱变条件,测定了突变菌株D8B14在不同条件下的降解性能。结果表明,复合诱变途径的高效降解菌株获得率大于单因子诱变途径,分别达到了4.55%和1.30%,但突变株的降解特性遗传不稳定;硫酸二乙酯单因子诱变效应大于紫外线诱变和微波诱变,且得到的突变株较复合诱变得到的菌株具有更强的遗传稳定性,最佳诱变条件为5%的浓度处理40 min。硫酸二乙酯诱变得到的突变株D8B14传代稳定且降解性能优异,其对PBS薄膜的降解率较出发菌株提高了34.49%,粗酶液酶活性提高率为23.86%。该突变株在35℃条件下仍表现出较高的降解能力,对不同的初始pH条件亦具有更强的耐受能力,尤其在pH 4.0或pH 9.0的酸性和碱性条件下,降解率分别提高了13.26%和27.04%。     

Biological denitrification in drinking water treatment using the seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa as carbon source and biofilm carrier.

Chemical and microbiological aspects were investigated with regard to biological denitrification of drinking water using the seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa as the carbon and energy substrate and as physical support for the microbial flora in semibatch, fixed-bed reactors. Complete removal of nitrate (100 mg/L) was readily achieved without accumulation of nitrite. Microbiological analysis indicated that the effluent of the reactor contained high numbers of bacteria (>10(6)/mL total count). Among the 44 bacterial strains isolated directly from the samples or isolated after enrichment at 37 degrees C, 25 different fatty acid profiles were found, indicating a complex microflora, including potential pathogens.     

2种填料作为生物膜载体修复微污染河水的比较

采用序批式生物反应器(SBBR),在水温为(19.0±1.5)℃,DO≥4.5 mg/L条件下,比较基于2种生物膜填料(竹丝和空心塑料球)上的微生物对微污染河水中高锰酸钾指数(COD Mn)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等的去除效果。结果表明,经过4 h的运行,竹丝作为生物膜载体时,COD Mn、TN的去除分别为17.5%~48.8%和49.38%~70.93%,但TP的去除效果不明显;而基于空心塑料球的生物膜对COD Mn的去除率仅为2.4%~42%,对TN和TP去除效果均不明显。通过显微分析发现,基于竹丝填料生物载体上微生物种类、数量明显多于空心塑料球。     

Nitrate removal from groundwater using biodegradable polymers as carbon source and biofilm support

A new kind of biodegradable polymer, PBS, was used as both carbon source and biofilm support in a fixed-bed reactor to remove nitrate from groundwater. The experimental results showed that the denitrifying bacteria can easily attach to the surface of PBS granules and adapt to use PBS as carbon source. The SEM observation indicated that the fine biofilm can develop on the surface of PBS granules within 15 days. The denitrification rate increased with temperature increase in the range of 10-35°C, the maximum denitrification rate reached 1.00 mg/g.d at 35°C. Continuous experiment results showed that nitrate (50 mg/l) can be removed effectively and nitrite did not accumulate in the effluent.     

矿物载体锯末碳源低温生物修复硝酸盐污染地下水

研究了低温条件下,沸石和火山岩为载体,锯末为碳源的生物反应器对地下水中硝酸盐氮的去除效果。结果表明,在（14±1）℃,水力停留时间18 h,进水硝酸盐氮浓度为27 mg/L的条件下,以锯末为碳源能有效去除地下水中的硝酸盐,沸石为载体时对硝酸盐氮的平均去除率为98%;火山岩为载体时对硝酸盐氮的平均去除率为95%。实验过程中出现铵盐和亚硝酸盐的积累,出水中氨氮浓度为1～2.55 mg/L,亚硝酸氮浓度为0～0.98 mg/L。出水pH均介于7～8,满足饮用水标准中pH的要求（6.5～8.5）。     

琼脂碳源生物反硝化去除水源水中硝酸盐

针对受硝酸盐污染的水源水,以琼脂为反硝化细菌的碳源和微生物载体,通过生物反硝化作用脱除水源水中的硝酸盐,并利用曝气生物滤池(BAF)去除琼脂反应器出水中残留的少量CODMn和NO2--N等污染物。实验结果表明,水源水自然接种的条件下,可以顺利启动琼脂反应器;在温度为25℃左右,琼脂反应器在进水NO3--N约25 mg/L、水力停留时间1.5 h时,能获得70%的硝酸盐氮去除率;曝气生物滤池在水力停留时间0.5 h、气水比2.8时,可控制最终出水的CODMn和NO2--N分别在5.0 mg/L和0.10 mg/L以下;琼脂反应器的脱氮效果与温度、进水NO3--N浓度及水力停留时间等有关。研究指出,琼脂反应器与曝气生物滤池构成的组合系统能较好地脱除水源水中的硝酸盐并且能控制最终出水水质,不会导致二次污染,从而获得合格的饮用水源水。     

Biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls using biofilm grown with biphenyl as carbon source in fluidized bed reactor

This study investigated the use of biofilms in the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. The biofilm used was developed on modified cement particles using mixed microbial culture isolated from PCB-contaminated soil. The biofilm formed was first acclimatized to PCBs by feeding the reactor alternately with biphenyl and PCBs. The acclimatized biofilm was tested on simulated PCB-contaminated water containing Aroclor 1260 by using a three-phase fluidized-bed reactor operated in batch mode. The initial batch run yielded 80+/-2.38% PCB removal from medium in one day and 91+/-1.34% in 5 days. The percent PCB removal gradually increased in the succeeding runs reaching 92+/-2.48% in one day and a steady state value of 95+/-2.01% in 5 days from batch eight onwards. PCB removal from the medium was highest during the first day reaching 80-92%. The sudden decrease in PCB concentration was attributed to an initial adsorption of the PCB on the biofilm and then the compound was degraded gradually. Yellow intermediates were observed as the pH of the medium decreased. These intermediate products were further metabolized as indicated by the disappearance of the yellow substance.     

以红薯浸泡液为碳源的生物反硝化

为选择低碳氮比污水生物脱氮中合适的碳源,以搅拌罐浸泡淀粉类物质释放碳源,在确定利用红薯浸泡液为碳源后,以浸没式生物滤池为反应器进行生物反硝化实验。实验结果表明:20 g红薯置于2 L自来水中,采用250 r/m in的搅拌速度,搅拌频率为每搅拌3 h停1 h,2 d后得到的浸泡液COD浓度平均为5 921 mg/L,最高可超过7 000 mg/L;将此红薯浸泡液和污水以1∶50的流量比例,采用分别投加的方式进入反应器,污水中总氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮及氨氮的平均去除率分别为88.6%、91.6%、88.2%和54.8%,出水COD平均在30 mg/L以下;在红薯浸泡液COD浓度为5 700 mg/L左右时,进水中亚硝酸盐氮浓度与硝酸盐氮浓度比为3∶2时总氮去除率为95.3%,当该比例为2∶3时总氮去除率为88.2%。研究表明,红薯浸泡液是一种经济合适的碳源,采用红薯浸泡液作为低碳氮比污水生物处理中反硝化的碳源是可行的。     

悬浮填料生物膜床反应器处理高校生活污水

本研究利用悬浮填料生物膜床反应器处理高校生活污水 ,对CODCr、氨氮和总磷有较好的去除效果。水力停留时间 6h时 ,CODCr总去除率最高可达到 95 % ,出水CODCr稳定在 30mg/L以下 ;总磷去除率达到 5 0 %以上 ,出水总磷含量低于 0 5mg/L ;对NH3 N的去除率可以稳定在 80 %以上 ,出水NH3 N低于 1mg/L。