Systematic coarse-graining of spectrin-level red blood cell models

We present a rigorous procedure to derive coarse-grained red blood cell (RBC) models, which yield accurate mechanical response. Based on a semi-analytic theory the linear and nonlinear elastic properties of healthy and infected RBCs in malaria can be matched with those obtained in optical tweezers stretching experiments. The present analysis predicts correctly the membrane Young's modulus in contrast to about 50% error in predictions by previous models. In addition, we develop a stress-free model which avoids a number of pitfalls of existing RBC models, such as non-smooth or poorly controlled equilibrium shape and dependence of the mechanical properties on the initial triangulation quality. Here we employ dissipative particle dynamics for the implementation but the proposed model is general and suitable for use in many existing continuum and particle-based numerical methods.     

碱赤泥浆流量的非线性智能PID控制

在生料浆配料过程中,碱赤泥浆的流量直接影响着生料浆的各项工艺指标.针对碱赤泥浆流量的非线性和不确定性,本文提出了基于非线性补偿的智能PID控制方法.基于非线性补偿的智能PID控制器由常规PID控制器和非线性动态补偿两部分组成,利用极点配置方法设计常规PID控制器,利用神经网络对碱赤泥浆流量对象中的非线性部分进行逼近并在控制器中进行补偿.设计并开发了碱赤泥浆流量的非线性智能PID控制软件,应用结果表明,碱赤泥浆的流量可以准确、稳定的跟踪设定值,具有良好的控制效果.     

基于物体间支撑语义关系的室内场景彩色深度图像分割

场景理解是智能自主机器人领域的一个重要研究方向,而图像分割是场景理解的基础.但是,不完备的训练数据集,以及真实环境中的罕见情形,会导致在图像分割时存在先验知识不完备的情况,进而影响图像分割的效果.因此,提出在彩色深度(RGB–D)图像上使用抽象的支撑语义关系来解决多样的物体形态所面对的先验知识不完备问题.在先验知识不完备情况下,针对自底向上的图像分割过程中被过度分割出的物体块,首先对物体块间的支撑语义关系进行建模并计算其支撑概率,然后构造能够度量场景总体稳定性的能量函数,最后通过Swendsen-Wang割(SWC)随机图分割算法最小化该能量函数的值,将物体块间的支撑概率转化为强支撑语义关系并完成物体块合并,实现先验知识不完备情况下的图像分割.实验结果证明,结合支撑语义关系的图像分割能够在先验知识不完备的情况下,将同一物体被过度分割的部分重新合并起来,从而提升了图像分割的准确性.     

基于红蓝通道先验主动光源偏振水下图像复原算法

针对光在水中传播距离短、损耗大造成图像信息损失严重、对比度低、色彩畸变问题,提出一种基于红蓝通道先验的主动光源偏振水下图像复原算法（ALPUIR-RBCP）,首先,研究光线在水体传播时的偏振特性,建立水下光学偏振模型;在此基础上,研究不同通道光信息差异性的先验知识和偏振度之间的映射关系,构建多通道光学偏振成像模型;进一步,结合后向散射光偏振度的光敏感性以及光分量间相关性,计算光照分布图和互信息,实现自适应偏振度估计,提高偏振度计算精度,增大目标信息光比重,从而提高图像复原质量。实验结果表明,对比传统的偏振光算法以及传统图像增强和复原算法,本算法不仅在主观上具有良好的水下图像复原效果,同时在各项评价指标中均有提高。     

Is red the colour of danger? Testing an implicit red–danger association

Research using participant’s self-reports has documented a link between red and danger. In this research, we used two different variants of a Stroop word evaluation task to test for the possibility of an implicit red–danger association using carefully controlled colour stimuli (equated on lightness and chroma). Experiment 1, using words as stimuli, yielded strong evidence of a link between red and danger, and weaker evidence of a green–safety association. Experiment 2, using symbols as stimuli, again yielded strong evidence of a link between red and danger; no green effects were observed. The findings were discussed in terms of the power and promise of red in signal communication.     

Computer-assisted red cell survival analysis

A computer-assisted procedure for statistically analyzing red cell survival experiments is presented. The procedure utilizes a widely available statistical software (BMDP). The program allows the fitting of a wide range of parametric curves to the survival data. It calculates estimates of the parameters and their standard errors, and produces residuals plots that can be used to pick objectively the "best" fitting curve to the data. A listing of the computer statements required to produce the above analysis is given in the Appendix.     

索尼的红 红的碳纤维

我相信咱们GEEK都不是技术小白，所以碳纤维这种高科技玩意儿多少都有所耳闻。这玩意儿的生产过程真正是“说起来简单做起来难”，—直以来都把持在资本主义的手中，所以价格那是相当地昂贵（最近咱大天朝也开始生产这玩意儿，或许不多久价格就会下来）。也因此，这玩意儿在当年真正是高富帅的象征，一年当中偶尔有几款采用这材质的本本，我们通常会虔诚地把它称为“神榭”。     

Thermal management of edge‐lit wide color gamut backlight for LCD using red laser diodes and cyan LEDs

The color gamut is one of the critical parameters that dictate the image quality of displays. The liquid crystal displays using white color light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as the backlight, though having been widely employed recently, are not very satisfactory in terms of their color gamut because of the broad spectrum inherent to white LEDs. This prompted the authors to develop improved liquid crystal displays using an edge‐lit wide color gamut backlight that used red laser diodes and cyan LEDs. Generating laser beams with high color purity, the laser diodes are light sources with a significant effect on expanding the color gamut. However, laser diodes, red ones in particular, have unfavorable thermal characteristics. To cope with this shortcoming, the authors clearly defined the restrictive criteria for laying out two kinds of light source on the edge‐lit backlight and made a prototype 55‐type laser backlight for performance evaluation.     

Color red in web-based knowledge testing

Computer- and web-based testing procedures are increasingly popular for the assessment of cognitive abilities and knowledge. This paper identified color red as a critical context factor that may influence the results. Two studies showed that color red may harm the performance in web-based tests of general knowledge. In Study 1 (N = 131) a red (vs. green) progress bar impeded the performance in a knowledge test, but only for the male participants. In Study 2 (N = 190) the color of the survey’s forward-button was manipulated (red vs. blue vs. mixed color) which led to a replication of the gender-dependent color effect. Evolutionary psychology and stereotype threat research explain why red impedes the activation of knowledge among men, but not among women.     

Characterizing warfare in red teaming.

Red teaming is the process of studying a problem by anticipating adversary behaviors. When done in simulations, the behavior space is divided into two groups; one controlled by the red team which represents the set of adversary behaviors or bad guys, while the other is controlled by the blue team which represents the set of defenders or good guys. Through red teaming, analysts can learn about the future by forward prediction of scenarios. More recently, defense has been looking at evolutionary computation methods in red teaming. The fitness function in these systems is highly stochastic, where a single configuration can result in multiple different outcomes. Operational, tactical and strategic decisions can be made based on the findings of the evolutionary method in use. Therefore, there is an urgent need for understanding the nature of these problems and the role of the stochastic fitness to gain insight into the possible performance of different methods. This paper presents a first attempt at characterizing the search space difficulties in red teaming to shed light on the expected performance of the evolutionary method in stochastic environments.     

Image analysis of nucleated red blood cells

Bone marrow smears stained with Giemsa were scanned with a video camera under computer control. Forty-two cells representing the six differentiation classes of the red bone marrow were sampled. Each cell was digitized into 70 X 70 pixels, each pixel representing a square area of 0.4 micron2 in the original image. The pixel gray values ranged between 0 and 255. Zero stood for white, 255 represented black, while the numbers in between stood for the various shades of gray. After separation and smoothing the images were processed with a Sobel operator outlining the points of steepest gray level change in the cell. These points constitute a closed curve denominated as inner cell boundary, separating the cell into an inner and an outer region. Two types of features were extracted from each cell: form features, e.g., area and length, and gray level features. Twenty-two features were tested for their discriminative merit. After selecting 16, the discriminant analysis program classified correctly all 42 cells into the 6 classes.     

耕型红壤和红壤性水稻土铜的化学形态及其有效性

对湖南省10个有代表性红壤样品进行化学分组测定.结果表明,土壤有机态、无定形铁态、晶形铁态和残留态铜分别占全铜量的15.2%、11.7%、17.2%和56.0%.红壤性水稻土有机态和无定形铁态铜,明显高于耕型红壤,而晶形态、残留态铜则相反,供试土壤有效铜含量与土壤有机态铜和无定形铁态铜含量呈极显著性正相关.     

红壤酸化及其防治

对我国红壤酸化的现状进行了初步分析,并对红壤酸化所产生的危害、影响红壤酸化的有关因素进行了相应的分析和讨论,提出了防治红壤酸化的有关技术措施和对策.     

ANTS: network services without the red tape

How well distributed computing systems perform depends a great deal on the network services used to move information among their machines. Yet despite this close correspondence, network services have evolved much more slowly than any other part of the distributed system environment. It is not that the networking community lacks innovative ideas: Internet Protocol version 6, Mobile IP, IP Multicast, and Integrated/Differentiated Services aim to support multimedia applications more effectively and to accommodate more hosts, many of them mobile. Unfortunately, progress in implementing these solutions lags far behind the identified need. The main problem is the way network protocols must change. First, network protocols are the main vehicle for achieving interoperability, so any candidate internetworking protocol has to become a standard. This means possibly years between the time someone identifies a need and the time everyone agrees on how to address it. Once the new protocol has been accepted, more delays occur because it has to be deployed manually and in a way that is compatible with the existing protocols. The paper discusses ANTS, a new approach to deploying network services, which bases interoperability on a programmable network model, not on individual networking protocols. The promise is automatic protocol upgrades, which can hasten progress toward a more responsive Internet     

On the red/blue spanning tree problem

A geometric spanning tree of a point set S is a tree whose vertex set is S and whose edge set is a set of non-crossing straight line segments with endpoints in S. Given a set of red points and a set of blue points in the plane, the red/blue spanning tree problem is to find a geometric spanning tree for red points and a geometric spanning tree for blue points such that the number of crossing points of the two trees is a minimum. If no three points are collinear, we show that the minimum number of crossing points is completely determined by the number of maximal red (or blue) chains on the convex hull of all red points and blue points. We design an optimal algorithm for constructing a geometric spanning tree of all the red points and a geometric spanning tree of all the blue points with the minimum number of crossing points. If collinear points are allowed, we prove that the problem of deciding whether there exists a geometric spanning path of all the red points and a geometric spanning path of all the blue points without crossing is NP-complete.